Modelo ex-vivo com coração bovino: proposta para treinamento de dissecção microscópica e de microanastomoses vasculares / Ex vivo model with bovine heart: a proposal for training microscopic dissection and vascularmicroanastomoses

RESUMO O treinamento é um processo que exige paciência e constante prática. A execução de procedimentos microscópicos está presente no dia a dia de diversas especialidades cirúrgicas, mas infelizmente modelos experimentais não são de fácil de acesso. Propomos um modelo com coração bovino usado por residentes e jovens cirurgiões no treinamento de dissecção microscópica e microanastomoses. É descrita a montagem deste modelo, que pode ser realizado de maneira individual e com material acessível aos departamentos cirúrgicos. Nossa experiência na elaboração das peças, assim como, dicas para o processo são descritas no texto. O modelo com miocardio bovino pode ser reproduzido em qualquer centro que disponha de bancadas e instrumental cirúrgico. Dentre as vantagens estão o baixo custo, rápido preparo e grande disponibilidade do tecido utilizado. Consideramos o projeto útil no treinamento de residentes cirúrgicos e jovens cirurgiões.

ABSTRACT Training is a process that requires patience and constant practice. The execution of microscopic procedures is present in the day-to-day of several surgical specialties, but unfortunately experimental models are not easy to access in our environment. We propose a bovine heart model used by residents and young surgeons in the training of microscopic dissection and microanastomoses. It is described the assembly of this model, which can be performed individually and with accessible material to the surgical departments. Our experience in the preparation of the pieces, as well as tips for the process, are described in the text. The bovine myocardial model can be reproduced in any center with benches and surgical instruments. Low cost, fast preparation, and wide availability of the used tissue are among the advantages of this model. We consider the project useful in the training of surgical residents and young surgeons.

Evaluación comparativa de efectividad y costo/efectividad en terapias alternativas para algunas lesiones vasculares encefálicas: experiencia del autor y revisión de la literatura / Comparative assessment of effectiveness and cost/effectiveness in alternative therapies to vascular encephalic lesions: author experience and review

Las patologías vasculares encefálicas quirúrgicas (aneurismas, malformaciones arterio venosas) han experimentado uno de los avances más importantes dentro de la medicina en las últimas décadas en materias de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Técnicas de introducción relativamente reciente y contemporánea, como la micro neurocirugía, la terapia endovascular encefálica y la radiocirugía, lograron mejorar en magnitudes las posibilidades de diagnóstico y los resultados de los tratamiento en estas lesiones. En este contexto parece de suma importancia definir el rol que juega cada uno de estos tratamientos en el manejo de la patología; así como la participación de los profesionales involucrados en la toma de decisiones muchas veces complejas y no exentas de controversia. El análisis de los resultados clínicos, la efectividad y la relación costo/efectividad son fundamentales para tener claridad en nuestro enfrentamiento como neurocirujanos tratantes. Este análisis debe interpretar la experiencia internacional en estas materias y a la vez revisar la experiencia local, hecho de suma importancia, que muchas veces dejamos rezagado en nuestro medio. Este estudio revisa los tópicos mencionados, incluyendo la experiencia del autor y un análisis exhaustivo de la bibliografía universal. Los resultados y las conclusiones podrán servir como herramienta a la hora de buscar referentes locales y foráneos que avalen con solidez nuestras conductas diagnósticas y terapéuticas.

Surgical vascular brain diseases (aneurysms, arterio venous malformations) have experienced one of the most important advances in medicine in the last decades related, to diagnosis and treatment. Recently and contemporary developed techniques, like micro neurosurgery, endovascular therapy and radiosurgery, have remarkably improved the diagnostic possibilities and the treatment outcomes in this lesions. In this context, it seems to be of the most importance to define the part that each treatment plays in the management of these diseases; and the participation of the professionals linked to the decision making in issues frequently complex and controversial. The analysis of clinical outcomes, the effectiveness and the cost/effectiveness ratio are basic to be clear in our approaches like neurosurgeons. This article reviews the international literature in these topics and, at the same time, the local experience, a fact of enormous importance that we use to left behind. The previously mentioned issues are reviewed, including the author's own experience and an exhaustive bibliographic analysis. Some of the results and conclusions included article should be useful tools when searching for local and foreign references to endorse with strength our diagnostic and therapeutic behaviour.