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1.
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health ; : S12-S21, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-83186

ABSTRACT

Several epidemiological studies have shown that exercise (EX) and physical activity (PA) can prevent or delay the onset of different mental disorders, and have therapeutic benefits when used as sole or adjunct treatment in mental disorders. This review summarizes studies that used EX interventions in patients with anxiety, affective, eating, and substance use disorders, as well as schizophrenia and dementia/mild cognitive impairment. Despite several decades of clinical evidence with EX interventions, controlled studies are sparse in most disorder groups. Preliminary evidence suggests that PA/EX can induce improvements in physical, subjective and disorder-specific clinical outcomes. Potential mechanisms of action are discussed, as well as implications for psychiatric research and practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety Disorders/prevention & control , Databases, Factual , Dementia/prevention & control , Feeding and Eating Disorders/prevention & control , Exercise , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Mood Disorders/prevention & control , Motor Activity , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/prevention & control , Schizophrenia/prevention & control , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
2.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 41(1): 15-25, ene.-abr. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-639929

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El trastorno afectivo bipolar (TAB) es una entidad con una alta heredabilidad demostrada y es más frecuente en los individuos con antecedentes familiares en primer grado de consanguinidad. Esto hace a los hijos de los pacientes con TAB (HPTB) el grupo ideal de estudio para evaluar la historia natural del trastorno y sus síntomas prodrómicos. En esta revisión se describen los hallazgos encontrados en los diversos estudios respecto a la psicopatología de los HPTB. Método: Se revisaron artículos que comparaban la psicopatología de HPTB con hijos de sujetos con otros trastornos psiquiátricos o con hijos de individuos sanos. Resultados: Los estudios revisados muestran que el grupo de HPTB presenta tasas más elevadas de trastornos afectivos, en comparación con los hijos de padres sanos y padres con algún trastorno psiquiátrico. La alta prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad,trastornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y de comportamiento disruptivo en esta población sugiere que estos podrían considerarse pródromos de los trastornos del ánimo. Conclusiones: El grupo de HPTB tiene un riesgo significativamente mayor para una amplia gama de trastornos psiquiátricos, además del TAB. Se requieren más estudios longitudinales para caracterizar a esta población en riesgo de TAB, y así definir mejor los factores de riesgo para la progresión a este trastorno…


Introduction: Bipolar Disorder (BD) has a high heritability and is more prevalent in first-degree relatives with family history. This makes the bipolar offspring (BO) an ideal study group to evaluate the natural history and the prodromal symptoms of this disorder. The main psychopathological findings for this group in various studies are described in this review. Methods: Articles comparing the psychopathology of bipolar offspring to either the offspring of other psychiatric patients or the offspring of healthy controls were reviewed. Results: The reviewed studies showed that the BO group had higher rates of affective disorders when compared to the offspring of other psychiatric patients or the offspring of healthy controls. The high prevalence of anxiety disorders, ADHD, and disruptive behavior disorders in this population suggest that such disorders could be considered prodromes of mood disorders. Conclusions: The group of BO had a significantly higher risk of developing a wide range of psychiatric disorders besides BD. More longitudinal studies are needed to characterize this population at risk for BD and to elucidate the risk factors in the progression of this disorder…


Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Psychopathology , Mood Disorders/prevention & control
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-38992

ABSTRACT

Climacteric is the period of life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until after the end of ovarian function. According to the definition, the period includes peri-menopause, menopause and post-menopause. Climacteric is considered to be a natural change of life which may be accompanied by various health consequences i.e., menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, or Alzheimer's disease. The key concept is that women enter menopause with different menopausal status for instances, natural menopause, surgical menopause, early menopause or even premature ovarian failure. Women may experience various health consequences due to the difference in genetic and environmental interaction. The prevalence and incidence of menopausal problems vary according to ethnic groups. For instance, Asian women seem to have less problems after menopause than their occidental counterparts. Nevertheless, the problems do exist and seem to be increasing due to the longer life expectancy and lifestyle changes of people in the region. Clinical decision in menopausal therapy can be determined according to health risk stratification. Appropriated menopausal therapeutic strategies include medical and non-medical modalities. The non-medical modalities are mainly focussed on lifestyle modification, while the medical modalities are classified as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and non-HRT. Those in the high risk group will probably benefit most from medication besides lifestyle modification. There are various types, doses, routes and regimens of medication which need to be appropriately matched with the proper women's characteristics. Those who have contraindications to HRT or can not tolerate its side effects may choose other alternatives eg, selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, calcitonin or calcium and vitamin D. The success of menopausal therapy is to give an appropriate therapeutic option to the right woman. The future direction of research will remain focussing on the development in diagnosis and menopausal therapy particularly the main three areas of health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. The trend of research and development will probably be concentrated on new pharmaceutical agents with more specific action and high selectivity in an attempt to maximize its efficacy and safety. Attention may be paid more on the convenience of drug administration to increase its compliance. Alternative medicine and appropriated technologies are also the fields of special interest of which research is underway.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological , Adaptation, Psychological , Age Factors , Aged , Female , Hormone Replacement Therapy/methods , Hot Flashes/prevention & control , Humans , Menopause/drug effects , Middle Aged , Mood Disorders/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Postmenopause/drug effects , Prognosis , Risk Assessment
4.
Rev. psiquiatr. clín. (São Paulo) ; 28(2): 72-88, 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-288581

ABSTRACT

Foram revisados estudos intervencionistas e epidemiologicos que procuraram identificar o efeito da terapia de reposicao estrogenica sobre o humor em mulheres menopausadas. A maioria desses estudos apresenta desenhos experimentais muito diferentes entre si, e importantes limitacoes metodologicas sao encontradas em muitos deles...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Menopause/drug effects , Mood Disorders/prevention & control , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Climacteric/drug effects
6.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 34(3): 251-6, jul.-sept. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194445

ABSTRACT

Se investiga la conducta de cumplimiento de 120 pacientes en tratamiento profiláctico por trastornos afectivos en una clínica especializada, utilizando una entrevista semiestructurada, los niveles plasmáticos de fármacos, el despacho de recetas y los registros de las fichas clínicas y de enfermería. Se encuentra que sólo el 46 por ciento de los pacientes cumplía adecuadamente con la prescripción médica, al definir operacionalmente cumplimiento, teniendo en cuenta el informe del paciente y los registros objetivos directos e indirectos. El incumplimiento se correlacionó significativamente con edad menor de 50 años, abuso de alcohol, aprensiones respecto al tratamiento y presencia de recaídos durante la profilaxis


Subject(s)
Humans , Mood Disorders/prevention & control , Patient Dropouts , Premedication/methods , Mood Disorders/drug therapy , Patient Compliance , Drug Prescriptions , Return of Old Symptoms
7.
s.l; s.n; 1987. 148 p. ilus, tab.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-86057

ABSTRACT

Partiendo de nuestra inquietud para abordar un tema tan importante actualmente y a la vez tan olvidado por el area de la salud por la cual quisimos suplir algunas de las necesidades propias de esta enfermedad aportando un diseno de instruccion lo mas practico posible de facil accequibilidad y por ende una mayor cobertura. Definiendo la gravedad del proceso, se van a presentar episodios hemorragicos desde la infancia lo cual trae tanto en el nino como en su familia, angustia, tension y ansiedad, llevando primero a un desequilibrio homeostatico de adaptacion que se traduce en su comportamiento, como irratabilidad, intranquilidad, hipersensibilidad alterando el ambiente familiar. Dependiendo de la actitud de sus familiares ante los hechos presentados puede determinarsen ciertas modificaciones en la conducta del nino favorables o desfavorables. Esta enfermedad y su evolucion pueden desencadenar en el nino diversas situaciones psicologicas que pueden derivarse de los efectos directos presentandose situaciones reactivas, regresion, depresion, concomitantes fisiologicos de la ansiedad, reacciones de conversion y reacciones disociativas que interfierne en las necesidades basicas del nino. Un aspecto que debe ser manejado por el equipo de salud es el autocuidado el cual permitira que el nino y su familia tengan una mejor adaptacion a la enfermedad y desarrolle mayor independencia y autonomia. Se penso que el proceso de autocuidado se llevaria a cabo a traves de una instruccion de acuerdo a lo planteado por Dorothea Orem en su teoria del "Autocuidado" por lo que se..


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Humans , Hemophilia A , Patient Education as Topic , Self Care , Attitude to Health , Colombia , Family , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Mood Disorders/prevention & control
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