Conocimientos y prácticas sobre Hylesia metabus (Cramer, 1775) y lepidopterismo en Capure, estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela (Julio-Agosto 2005) / Knowledge and practices about Hylesia metabus (Cramer, 1775) and lepidopterism in Capure, Delta Amacuro state – Venezuela (July-August 2005)

La mariposa Hylesia metabus posee escamas o pelos urticantes que causan dermatitis y reacciones alérgicas conocidas como lepidopterismo, y en ocasiones representa un grave problema social y de salud pública. Desde septiembre 2004, la comunidad de Capure ha sido afectada por invasiones cíclicas de H. metabus y para implementar actividades de prevención y control, se requiere entender el contexto sociocultural de la población. El presente estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y de campo, buscó caracterizar conocimientos y prácticas sobre H. metabus y lepidopterismo en Capure, mediante la aplicación de encuestas a 45 personas mayores de 10 años de edad (41 criollos y 4 indígenas warao) y la observación directa. El 88,8% (n=40) de los encuestados describió el ciclo biológico de la mariposa, así como conocimientos adecuados sobre su comportamiento; 64,4% (n=29) nombró a H. metabus como “mariposa peluda” y los warao la identificaron como “warowaro tijia” (mariposa que pica); 85,0% (n=38) indicó que la comunidad puede participar en actividades de control y describió alternativas de participación. La prevalencia de lepidopterismo fue de 69,4% y los encuestados identifican su sintomatología con cuadros alérgicos y dermatológicos. Las prácticas realizadas ante el lepidopterismo fueron: 57,7% (n=26) tratamientos caseros, 20,0% tratamientos mixto y 11,1% asiste al ambulatorio. Los tratamientos caseros fueron de uso tópico, 44,7% (n=17) vinagre, 15,7% (n=6) desodorante de bolita y 10,5% (n=4) gasoil. La comunidad de Capure posee conocimientos adecuados sobre la H. metabus y aplica medidas de prevención ante el lepidopterismo. Es necesario articular un Programa permanente de Vigilancia y Control del Lepidopterismo y la mariposa Hylesia sp., con enfoque local y con participación comunitaria.

The Hylesia metabus butterfly has scales and urticant hairs that cause dermatitis and allergic reactions known as lepidopterism, and on occasions it represents a severe social and public health problem. Since September 2004, Capure has been affected by cyclical invading of H. metabus, and to implement activities for prevention and control, an understanding about socio-cultural context of the population is required. This descriptive, exploratory and camp study tried to characterize knowledges and practices about H. metabus and lepidopterism in Capure, by the application of surveys to forty five (45) persons older than ten years old (41 creole people and 4 indigenous Warao people) and direct observation. About 88.8% (n=40) of those polled, described the butterfly’s biological cycle, with adequate knowledge about its behavior; 64.4% (n=29) named H. metabus as “furry butterfly“, and the indigenous Warao identified it as “warowaro tijia” (butterfly that bites); 85% (n=38), indicated that the community can participate in control activities and described alternatives of participation. The prevelance of lepidopterism was 69.4% and those polled identified their symptoms as allergic reactions and dermatitis. The practices realized in lepidopterism were 57.7% (n=26) domestic treatments, 20.0% mixed treatments and 11.1% went to the hospital. The domestic treatments were topical uses, 44.7% (n=17) of vinegar, 15.7% (η=6) roll-on deodorant and 10.5% (n=4) gasoil. The Capure community has adequate knowledge about H. metabus disease and knows how to apply preventive control for lepidopterism. It is necessary to articulate a permanent surveillance and

Insect resistance and risk assessment studies of advanced generations of basmati rice expressing two genes of Bacillus thuringiensis

Advanced generations of different transgenic lines of indica basmati rice (Basmati-370) expressing two unrelated Bt genes, cry1Ac and cry2A were evaluated for resistance to Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) and Rice Leaf Folder (RLF) under field conditions compared to control lines over three years (2003-2005). Homozygous lines were selected and analyzed for insect resistance, morphological, physiochemical properties and risk assessment studies. After artificial infestation of target insects, the transgenic plants showed significant resistance. Data were recorded in terms of dead hearts and white heads at vegetative and flowering stage respectively. Transgenic lines showed up to 100 and 96 percent resistance against yellow stem borer at vegetative and flowering stages, respectively. Natural damage of rice leaf folder was also observed during the year 2005. The transgenic plants were 98 percent more resistant as compared to untransformed control plants. Variations in some morphological characteristics, e.g., the average number of tillers, plant height and maturity were also observed. Transgenic lines produced 40 percent more grains than control plants. All these characteristics were stably inherited in advanced generations. The transgenic lines had no significant effect on non-target insects (insects belonging to orders other than Lepidoptera and Diptera) in field or under storage conditions. Chances of pollen-mediated gene flow were recorded at a rate of 0.14 percent.

Generation and screening of recombinant inbred lines of rice for yellow stemborer resistance.

Based on the results of studies on varietal screening, antixenosis (egg laying preference) and antibiosis (larval survival and adult emergence), rice varieties W1263 and CO43 were selected as resistant and susceptible parents, respectively, for yellow stemborer (YSB) infestation. A mapping population was developed using above parents following single seed descent method. Screening for YSB reaction in F1 and F2, generations under field and glasshouse conditions for both dead hearts and white ears, established the polygenic nature of inheritance for YSB resistance. Field screening for YSB resistance at F9 generation revealed the difference in the reactions among recombinant inbred lines (RILs) between vegetative and reproductive stages. The experiments under field and glasshouse screening of RILs for dead hearts showed significant positive association. However, the reaction was more towards susceptibility in glasshouse screening due to no choice test. Scoring of 250 RILs (F8) for various morphological traits showed wide range of variation indicating the suitability for QTL mapping.

Surtos epidêmicos de dermatite causada por mariposas do gênero Hylesia (Lepidóptera: Hemileucidae) no Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil / Epidemic outbreaks of dermatitis caused by Hylesia (Lepidoptera: Hemileucidae), in S. Paulo State, Brazil

Surtos epidêmicos de dermatite causada por Hylesia sp foram assinalados no litoral do Estado de Säo Paulo, no período de dezembro de 1989 a dezembro de 1991. O fenômeno assumiu sua maior intensidade em Bertioga, Município de Santos, onde foram registrados 612 casos. Foram atingidos outros 12 municípios da regiäo, estimando-se que algumas centenas de casos procuraram os serviços de saúde locais. Na maioria dos casos verificou-se lesöes eritemato-pápulo-pruriginosas, que regrediram em média de 7 a 14 dias. Para tratamento foram utilizados anti-histamímicos sistêmicos corticosteróides tópicos e compressas frias. Ocorreram três episódios no período citado, todos eles coincidindo com o início da estaçäo chuvosa (novembro a janeiro). A cada episódio verificou-se um deslocamento do fenômeno no sentido Norte-Sul. A principal medida profilática utilizada foi a divulgaçäo, junto à populaçäo, das medidas de reduçäo de exposiçäo ao agente. Para prédios com elevada infestaçäo por mariposas, foi estudada a efetividade da aplicaçäo de inseticida residual, como medida de reduçäo dos níveis de infestaçäo por mariposas. Obteve-se resultados satisfatórios com deltametrina na dose de 50mg/m**2 de parede