Carcinogenesis Colorrectal. Nuevas perspectivas e implicancias clínicas para su detección / Colorectal Carcinogenesis. New perspectives and clinical implications for its detection

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Clásicamente se considera a los adenomas como las lesiones precursoras del CCR y se estipula un tiempo de 10 a 15 años para completar la secuencia adenoma-carcinoma. El CCR evoluciona a través de la acumulación progresiva de alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas, las que conducen a la transformación de la mucosa colónica normal en cáncer invasivo. La identificación de diferentes vías moleculares de carcinogénesis colorrectal ha demostrado la naturaleza heterogénea del cáncer colónico. De reciente descripción, las lesiones aserradas muestran cambios moleculares y patológicos distintos a los adenomas tradicionales, estimándose que presentan un tiempo más acelerado de evolución hacia la malignidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar conocimientos sobre la génesis tumoral y sus bases biomoleculares a fin de posibilitar su aplicación a etapas clínicas concretas como la prevención y el tratamiento

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adenomas are classically regarded as precursor lesions of CRC and between 10 and 15 years is thought to elapse to complete the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. CRC evolves through the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to invasive cancer through the transformation of normal colonic mucosa. The identification of different molecular pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis has demonstrated the heterogeneous nature of colon cancer. Recent description of serrated lesions shows molecular and pathological changes other than traditional adenomas with an estimated faster time of progression to malignancy. The aim of this review is to update the knowledge about tumorigenesis and its biomolecular basis for clinical application in early stages providing firm ground for prevention and treatment

Rose Bengal staining - diagnostic aid for potentially malignant and malignant disorders: A pilot study.

Background: The word "Cancer" itself is sufficient to cause a fear in the minds of people. Early detection of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders is still a diagnostic challenge for most of the clinicians. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of Rose Bengal staining in the detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Rose Bengal staining for the identification of dysplastic areas clinically, and then correlating the findings with the histological grading of dysplasia. Methods and Materials: A total of 20 patients were selected for the study. Patients had been evaluated clinically and histopathologically along with the grading of dysplasia, and Rose Bengal stain was painted over the lesional mucosa with the patient's consent. Incisional biopsies were taken from the stained area of the Rose Bengal dye, and studied histopathologically. Grading of dysplasia and intensity of the Rose Bengal staining were found to be correlated. Chi square test was performed and a statistical significance of P<0.001 was observed. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.001. Results and Conclusion: Grading of dysplasia and the intensity of Rose Bengal staining were directly proportional to each other according to this study. P value was found to be significant. Thus Rose Bengal stain can be used as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders.

Estudio clínico e histológico de la poliposis nasal / Clinical and histological study of nasal polyposi

Se realiza un estudio de 50 pacientes que padecieron de poliposis nasal. La mayoría de los pacientes están comprendidos en la 4ta. y 5ta. décadas de la vida, con predominio del sexo masculino. El tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad que predominó en los pacientes fue de 1 a 4 años. Los antecedentes alérgicos y la eosinofilia sanguínea estuvieron presentes en nuestros casos. Todos los pacientes recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico, que consistió en polipectomía nasal anterior, en ocasiones asociada a la técnica de maxiloetmoidectomía. En las muestras obtenidas predominó, desde el punto de vista macroscópico, el aspecto polipoide, la mucosa engrosada y la secreción mucoserosa. Asimismo, en el análisis histopatológico se observó hipertrofia epitelial, engrosamiento de la membrana basal, edema e hiperplasia glandular en la lámina propia(AU)

A study of 50 patients suffering from nasal polyposis was conducted. Most of the patients were 40 and 50 years old. It was observed a predominance of males. The time of the evolution of the disease prevailing among the patients was from 1 to 4 years. The allergy history and blood eosynophilia were present in our cases. All the patients underwent surgery, which consisted in anterior nasal polypectomy on occasions associated with the maxilloethmoidectomy technique. In the samples obtained it was observed a predominance, from the macroscopical point of view, of the polypoid aspect, the thickened mucosa and the mucoserous secretion. Likewise, epithelial hypertrophy, thickening of the nasal membrane, edema and glandular hyperplasia in the own lamina were found in the histopathological analysis(AU)

Dobra de mucosa vaginal ao nível do meato uretral feminino: uma nova entidade? / Vaginal mucosa fold localized at the female urethral external meatus: a new entity?

Após realizarmos estudo prospectivo em mulheres com e sem sintomas urinários, sugerimos que seja incluída na literatura uma nova entidade, chamada por nós dobra de mucosa vaginal (DMV) ao nível do meato uretral, como causa de obstruçÒo do meato uretral feminino. Demonstramos que mulheres com DMV ao nível do meato uretral podem apresentar ou näo sintomas urinários e que a exérese cirúrgica desta DMV faz regredir a sintomatologia em 88 por cento dos casos.