The structure of the skin, types and distribution of mucous cell of yangtze sturgeon ( Acipenser dabryanus ) / La estructura de la piel, los tipos y distribución de las células mucosas del esturión yangtze ( Acipenser dabryanus )

The structural characteristics of the skin, types and distribution of mucous cells of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) were studied at the light microscope level, stained with Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Alcian blue-periodie acid Schiff (ABPAS). The skin of both was composed of epidermis and dermis. The dermis was divided into stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. The stained color of stratum compactum was stained more deeply than that of stratum spongiosum. The skin thickness displayed differences in the fish at different body positions. The thickest of epidermis layer was on the dorsal region for Yangtze sturgeon, reversely, the thinnest was the mandibular region; Stratum spongiosum on the mandibular region was the thickest, the stratum spongiosum of the maxillary region was not obvious. In summary, keratinized spines, a kind of keratin derivative, are widely distributed in the mandibular, ventral, dorsal, and caudal peduncle skin surface for Yangtze sturgeon, and some pit organs mainly present in the skin surface of the maxillary and ventral regions. In short, the small amount of mucous cells in the skin of Yangtze sturgeon and the type of mucous cell were main Type IV, nevertheless there was a distribution of a few Type III.

Se estudiaron las características estructurales de la piel, los tipos y la distribución de las células mucosas del esturión Yangtze (Acipenser dabryanus) con microscopio de luz, teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina (HE) y azul alcián-ácido de Schiff (AB-PAS). La piel estaba compuesta por epidermis y dermis. La dermis se dividía en estrato esponjoso y estrato compacto. El grosor de la piel mostró diferencias en los peces en diferentes posiciones del cuerpo. La capa más gruesa de la epidermis se observó en la región dorsal del esturión Yangtze; a la inversa, la más delgada en la región mandibular. El estrato esponjoso en la región mandibular era el más grueso, el estrato esponjoso de la región maxilar no era visualizado. En resumen, las espinas queratinizadas, un tipo derivado de la queratina, estaban ampliamente distribuidas en la superficie de la piel del pedúnculo mandibular, ventral, dorsal y caudal en el esturión Yangtze, y algunos órganos en fosas, presentes principalmente en la superficie de la piel de las regiones mandibular y ventral. En resumen, la pequeña cantidad de células mucosas en la piel del esturión Yangtze y el tipo de célula mucosa eran células principales tipo IV, sin embargo, se observaron algunas células tipo III.

Ultrastructural study of the mucosal layer of the adult albino rat ureter

The ureter is a dynamic organ rather than a simple conduit through which urine flows. The aim of the study was to explore the electron microscopic structure of the mucosa of the rat ureter in a trial for understanding the adaptive functional interactions between the urothelium and the different components found in the lamina propria. The mucosa of the ureter of 10 adult healthy male albino rats was studied under a transmission electron microscope. The rat ureter mucosa was formed of urothelium and lamina propria. The uroepithelium consisted of basal, intermediate, and apical umbrella cells. The cytoplasm of the basal cells contained few rounded vesicles with homogeneous content, bundles of microfilaments, and ribonucleoprotein particles. Besides basal cells, a few bundle cells were observed; these cells contained small dense bodies retained within large vacuoles. Desmosomal junctions interconnected the neighboring intermediate cells of the urothelium, and many rounded vesicles, mitochondria, and Golgi saccules appeared in their cytoplasm. The apical plasma membrane of the umbrella cells showed plaques and intervening hinge regions. Some rounded and many fusiform vesicles appeared within their cytoplasm. The lamina propria contained many capillaries in concavities formed by the basal layer of the urothelium; their lining endothelial cells were unusually thick. Many telocytes appeared in close contact and encircled the blood capillaries and groups of nerve fibers in the lamina propria. The telocytes were interconnected with each other and with other connective tissue cells by their telopodes. The lamina propria also revealed immune cells such as eosinophils and mast cells. Morphological analysis of the ureter mucosa is providing clues how epithelial cells sense different stimuli and transduce-in these stimuli into the underlying nervous, vascular, and active cellular elements in the lamina propria

Mucous Membrane of the Rumen of Ovines, Fed With Spineless, Forrage Cactus or Palm (Barbary Fig) (Opuntia ficus indica Mil): Hystochemical Study by Means of Light Microscopy / Membrana Mucosa del Rumen de Ovinos, Alimentados con Forraje de Cactus Sin Espinas o Palmeras (Barbary Fig) (Opuntia ficus indica Mil): Estudio Histoquímico por Medio de Microscopía de Luz

The mucosa of the rumen performs the functions of absorption, transportation, metabolism and protection, due to the presence of microorganisms in this compartment of the digestive tract, which are responsible for the digestion of approximately 60% of the organic material apparently digested. The histological structure and the histochemical profile of glicoconjugate of the mucosa of the stomach of sheep that were being fed with forrage cactus or palm (Giant Palm - Opuntia ficus indica Mil)1. Twelve sheep were used, with approximately 14 months old, which were oddly distributed in four diets: D1- 60.0% forrage palm + 40.0% concentrated ration; D2- 47.5% forrage palm + 12.5% elephant, napier grass + 40.0% concentrated ration, and D3 - 34,8% forrage palm + 25.2% elephant, napier grass + 40.0% concentrated ration and D4 - 60.0% elephant, napier grass + 40.0% concentrated ration. The experience period lasted 90 days, and, at the end, the animals were euthanized and fragments of different compartments of their stomachs were taken right after. The animals having consumed diets D1, D2 e D3 presented more developed papillas, while the ones of diet D4, presented less developed papillas. The stratum corneum of the epithelium of the rumen coating of the animals in diet D1 presented a slight erosion, when compared to those in diets D2, D3 and D4.

La mucosa del rumen actúa en la absorción, transporte, metabolismo y protección, debido a la presencia de microorganismos en este compartimiento del tracto digestivo, los cuales son responsables de la digestión de aproximadamente el 60% de material orgánico aparentemente digerido. Se analizó la estructura histológica y el perfil histoquímico de las estructuras de glicoconjugados de la mucosa del estómago de las ovejas que fueron alimentadas con forraje de cactus o palmeras (Giant Palm - Opuntia ficus indica Mil)1. Fueron utilizadas 12 ovejas, con aproximadamente 14 meses de edad, las cuales fueron distribuidas de manera impar en cuatro dietas: D1- 60.0% forraje de palmera + 40.0% ración concentrada; D2- 47.5% forraje de palmera + 12.5% hierba alta africana + 40.0% ración concentrada, y D3 - 34,8% forraje de palmera + 25.2% hierba alta africana + 40.0% ración concentrada y D4 - 60.0%hierba alta africana + 40.0% ración concentrada. La experiencia duró 90 días y al final, los animales fueron sacrificados y fragmentos de diferentes compartimientos de sus estómagos fueron directamente recogidos. Los animales que habían consumido dietas D1, D2 y D3 presentaron papilas más desarrolladas, mientras que los alimentados con dieta D4 presentaron papilas menos desarrolladas. El estrato córneo del epitelio del rumen de los animales de la dieta D1 presentaron pequeña erosión, cuando fueron comparados con los animales sometidos a las dietas D2, D3 y D4.

Filiform papillae in the mucosa of the human vaginal wall.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: While giving the gross anatomy of the mucosa of the vagina, textbooks of Anatomy and Obstetrics and Gynaecology describe the presence of a median longitudinal ridge on its anterior wall (columna rugarum anterior) and another similar ridge (columna rugarum posterior) on its posterior wall is described, and transverse rugae separated by sulci of variable depth, extend bilaterally from these ridges. While conducting autopsy of female cases the routine examination of vaginal mucosa did not show the presence of longitudinal ridges. In addition, some small areas bearing filiform papillae were seen in the lower third of the vagina in young subjects. As these papillae have not been described earlier, it was decided to study them in detail using scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: A total of 215 vaginal specimens were studied. At autopsy the vagina was slit open on the lateral sides up to the upper ends of the lateral fornices. The anterior vaginal wall was turned up over the uterus and mucosa of both walls examined macroscopically. In 16 subjects, small pieces of vaginal mucosa bearing filiform papillae were cut out and processed for examination under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope. In addition, vaginae of 55 married women (20-40 yr age) with complain of lower abdominal pain or infertility were examined particularly for the median longitudinal ridges on the vaginal walls. RESULTS: At autopsy, the two median longitudinal ridges were not seen in any instance. Small variable areas of the lower third of the vagina showed the presence of filiform papillae on the two walls and at sides; they were prominent in the young individuals and tended to become absent in multipara and in old age. They were 2 to 3 in number on each wall. Histologically the papilla showed a core of highly vascular connective tissue covered by non-keratinized squamous epithelium. Immunoperoxidase staining with S-100 showed a large number of small nerve fibres in the subepithelial tissue which seemed to be more than in the surrounding areas not covered with papillae. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Anterior and posterior median longitudinal ridges were not seen on the vaginal mucosa in the autopsy specimens. In all autopsy specimens of young subjects between the ages of 15 and 40 yr, variable areas bearing filiform papillae were observed on the mucosa of the lower third of the vagina. Further studies need to be done to throw light on the role of these papillae.

Field emission scanning electron microscopy study of the mouse lingual mucosa, with special reference to adhesion of bacteria in the epithelial cell membranes

The dorsal surface of three-day postnatal mouse tongue was examined by field emission scanning electron microscope and revealed that the fungiform papillae are round in shape and filiform papillae present small projection in development. The surface of interface of epithelium-connective tissue showed small projections of papilla corresponding to the filiform and fungiform papillae. The surfaces of epithelial cell membranes present numerous microplicae with adhesion of streptococcus. These bacteria are attached on the cell membrane in organized rows of rat random, demonstrating their three-dimensional FESEM images. At high magnification, on ther surface of each bacteria may be noted small particles.

Scanning electron microscopic study of the hard palatine mucosa of opossum (didelphis albiventris)

Las características tridimensionales del tejido conectivo epitelial de la mucosa del paladar duro fueron estudiadas usando el método de NaOH. Los tejidos fueron cuidadosamente removidos y fijados en solución de Karnovsky modificado por 12 h a 4ºC. Luego, los especímenes fueron preparados para microscopía electrónica de barrido. Los resultados revelaron que la superficie de la mucosa del paladar duro presenta epitelio escamoso estratificado queratinizado y varios pliegues palatinos transversos. En la región anterior, se observaron algunas protrusiones epiteliales alargadas o punteadas. La lámina propia mostró numerosas papilas de tejido conectivo en forma de elevaciones paralelas. A mayor aumento, se observaron gruesos haces de fibras colágenas

Ultrastructural study of the palatine mucosa of the opossum (Didelphis albiventris)

As características das células epiteliais da mucosa palatina do gambá foram descritas utilizando o microscópio eletrônico de transmissäo. O epitélio é do tipo estratificado escamoso queratinizado formado por camadas basal, espinhosa, granulosa e córnea. As células epiteliais basais säo colunares com núcleos basais e contêm mitocôndrias, ribosomos e retículos endoplasmáticos granulares. As células espinhosas säo de forma poligonal e possuem filamentos de 10nm, enquanto as células da camada granulosa apresentam numerosos grânulos de keratohialina. As células córneas säo achatadas, com conteúdo amorfo e contêm distintas micropregas na superfície. Observa-se desmosomos entre as células epiteliais das diferentes camadas

Ultrastructural changes in esophageal mucosa of chronic tobacco chewers.

Seventeen chronic tobacco chewers and three control subjects underwent clinical evaluation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal mucosal biopsies. The esophageal biopsies were processed and examined under the electron microscope. A large number of ultrastructural abnormalities such as discontinuous, fragmented basement membrane, with reduction in hemidesmosomes, widened intercellular spaces were found in the esophageal mucosa of chronic tobacco chewers which resembled the ultrastructural features of experimental carcinogenesis and leukoplakia. It is concluded that chronic chewing of tobacco produces ultrastructural abnormalities in the esophageal mucosa which could be important precursors for esophageal malignancy.