Regularity of prescription medication of Xin'an Wang's internal medicine in treating stomach cramps based on data mining / 中国中药杂志

The study analyzes the medication rules of Xin'an Wang's internal medicine for treating stomach cramps by data mining technology,in order to provide reference for clinical medication. Through the summarization of the medical cases of stomach cramps treated by Xin'an Wang's doctors( Wang Ren-zhi,Wang Zhong-qi,Wang Le-tao),statistics was made for the frequency of symptoms,signs,syndromes and drugs in Office 2010. Apriori algorithm in IBM SPSS Modeler 14. 1,and SPSS Statistics 22. 0 were used for association rule analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the 310 prescriptions collected involved totally 322 syndromes( including symptoms and signs) and 336 drugs,with the cumulative dose of 4 072 times; the symptoms were correlated to the spleen and stomach,liver and gallbladder,and the heart system; syndrome differentiation was mainly based on liver-Qi invasion of the stomach,diet impairment to the stomach,deficiency of spleen and stomach and cold syndrome; commonly used drugs were Qi regulating drugs,phlegm eliminating drugs and blood circulation promoting and stasis removing drugs; high-frequency drug complex network diagram showed that Pinelliae Rhizoma,Aurantii Fructus,Trichosanthis Fructus,Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus were closely related; the analysis showed 12,20,and 17 two,three,and four association rules; cluster analysis showed 10 pairs of Trichosanthis Fructus-Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus,Pinelliae Rhizoma-Aurantii Fructus,and Aspongopus-Toosendan Fructus drug combinations. According to Xin' an Wang's doctors,stomach cramps are closely related to liver and spleen,Qi stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis are the standard.Xin'an Wang's doctors give the first priority on " deoppilation",focus on soothing the liver and spleen,activating Qi and eliminating phlegm,and promoting blood circulation,and refer to use modified Xiaoxianxiong Decoction and modified Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction based on symptoms.

Uso de medicamentos sem prescrição médica em Teresina, PI / Drugs use without medical prescription in Teresina, PI

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de uso de medicamentos sem prescrição na população de Teresina-PI, as motivações de uso e as classes de medicamentos mais utilizadas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística constituída por 464 adultos, residentes na zona urbana de Teresina-PI. Foram observadas as variáveis sociodemográficas e prática da automedicação. Resultados: A prevalência de automedicação alcançou 92,7%. Os analgésicos foram os medicamentos mais consumidos (63,4%). A principal justificativa para a automedicação foi a experiência anterior com o medicamento. As cólicas abdominais (85,3%), diarreia (76,5%) e cólicas menstruais (74,0%) foram os principais motivos apontados para a prática de automedicação. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada elevada prevalência de automedicação entre os teresinenses. Em concordância ao encontrado em outros estudos populacionais, os analgésicos representam a classe de medicamentos mais utilizada, sendo a dor o principal motivo da automedicação, e a experiência anterior com o medicamento a principal justificativa para a automedicação.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of drugs use without medical prescription in Teresina, PI, the motivations of use and drugs groups most used. Methods: Cross sectional random sample consisted of 464 adults living in the urban area of Teresina-PI. Sociodemographic variables and self-medication were investigated. Results: The prevalence of self-medication has reached 92.7%. Painkillers were the most frequently consumed drugs (63.4%). The main justification for self-medication was previous experience with the product. Abdominal cramps (85.3%), diarrhea (76.5%) and menstrual cramps (74.0%) were the main reasons cited for the practice of self medication. Conclusion: It was demonstrated of self-medication among Teresina people. In agreement to that found in other studies, analgesics represent a class of drugs most used, with pain being the main motive of self-medication, and previous experience with the drug was the main justification for self-medication.

The relationship between myofascial trigger points of gastrocnemius muscle and nocturnal calf cramps.

To support that myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of gastrocnemius muscle is one cause of nocturnal calf cramps, quantitative assessment of the efficacy of trigger point (TrP) injection compared with oral quinine in the treatment of nocturnal calf cramps (NCC) associated with MPS of gastrocnemius muscle was designed. Twenty four subjects with NCC and gastrocnemius TrPs were randomly divided into two groups of twelve for each treatment. Patients in group 1 were treated with xylocaine injection at the gastrocnemius TrP, and 300 mg of quinine sulfate p.o. was prescribed for patients of group 2. The treatment period was four weeks with a follow-up 4 weeks later. Cramps were assessed quantitatively (in terms of frequency, duration, pain intensity, cramp index, and pain threshold of the gastrocnemius TrPs) before treatment, after treatment and at the end of the follow-up respectively. The outcome of treatment in both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in all quantitative aspects of cramps (95% confidence interval). Also the pain threshold of the gastrocnemius TrP was significantly increased in group 1 only when comparing the pre-treatment and at the end of follow-up. In comparing the two groups we found no statistical difference during the period of treatment. The benefit of both strategies lasted up to four weeks following cessation of the treatment but the outcome of all measures (except pain threshold) were found to be significantly better in the group treated with TrP injection. The results of this study support that gastrocnemius trigger point is one cause of NCC and show that the TrP injection strategy for NCC associated with myofascial pain is not only as effective as oral quinine during the treatment period but also better in the prolonged effect at follow-up.

Treatment of writer's cramps with botulinum toxim

Treatment of writer's cramp is quite disappointing. Botulinum toxin A [BTX] is emerging as the first line of treatment of writer's cramp. We evaluate the effect of BTX in 12 patients of writer's cramp. Patients and Method: Twelve patients of writer's cramp [11 men, one woman], with mean age of 33.92 years and mean duration of symptoms for 3.3 years, received 17 treatment sessions of BTX. Each patient was evaluated before and 3 and 12 weeks after BTX therapy on a rating scale for speed of writing, ease of writing, abnormal posture and pain. Each patient also gave a global subjective assessment 12 weeks after BTX therapy. Result: Follow-up was available in 13 treatment sessions. Significant improvement occurred in speed of writing [p=0.0025], ease of writing [p=0.0025], abnormal posture [p=0.0039] and pain [p=0.0092]. An improvement of 50% or more was observed after nine BTX therapy sessions whereas less than 50% improvement was observed after four treatment sessions. All patients developed mild asymptomatic weakness in limb muscles. Only three patients complained of any weakness. The mean onset of improvement was 8.79 days and duration of effect 8.0 weeks. BTX is an effective treatment of writer's cramp. Improvement of patient's hand writing is not a good indicator of patients satisfaction and relief of symptom. EMG guided BTX injection should be restricted for deep muscles. Frequent repeated infections of BTX should be avoided

Síndrome de hombre rígido: una única entidad? / Stiff-man syndrome

Se estudiaron 4 pacientes con un cuadro clínico en el que se combinaron fasciculaciones, contracturas, calambres, parestesias y rigidez muscular progresiva. En ellos se realizó el estudio electrofisiológico que involucró EMG, estudio de la excitabilidad de la motoneurona espinal alfa (MN), del coeficiente de excitabilidad de la MN, de la velocidad de conducción motora y sensitiva, de la transmisión neuromuscular y de la actividad gamma. Los hallazgos evidenciaron compromiso del SNP expresado en reducción del número de unidades motoras (UM), pérdida del trazadoEMG interferencial, presencia de fibrilaciones, fasciculaciones y disminución de la velocidad de conducción motora con preservación de la conducción sensitiva. A ello se sumó aumento de la excitabilidad de la MN alfa evidenciado en la curva de recuperación de la onda H; la relación H/M se halló dentro de límites normales en todos los casos, en tanto que los cocientes T/M y T/H se vieron incrementados en tres de los casos; en dos de los pacientes se realizó el bloqueo gamma, lográndose la desaparición de la actividad contínua de UM. El estudio de la transmisión neuromuscular, período silente y coeficiente de excitabilidad de la MN no mostraron alteraciones. Esta serie de hallazgos sugieren indemnidad de la unión neuromuscular, de los mecanismos inhibitorios segmentarios mediados por interneuronas de acción postsináptica y de las estructuras corticales, señalando un incremento de la actividad de las fibras gamma. La presencia de diferentes cuadros que presentan aspectos signosintomatológicos comunes impulsó una revisión sobre las diferentes entidades clínicas descriptas, pruebas electrofisiológicas utilizadas para su estudio, aspectos etiopatogénicos y la aproximación terapéutica a ellas