ABSTRACT
We examined the effect of a combination of astaxanthin (AX) supplementation, repeated heat stress, and intermittent reloading (IR) on satellite cells in unloaded rat soleus muscles. Forty-nine male Wistar rats (8-week-old) were divided into control, hind-limb unweighting (HU), IR during HU, IR with AX supplementation, IR with repeated heat stress (41.0-41.5 °C for 30 min), and IR with AX supplementation and repeated heat stress groups. After the experimental period, the antigravitational soleus muscle was analyzed using an immunohistochemical technique. Our results revealed that the combination of dietary AX supplementation and heat stress resulted in protection against disuse muscle atrophy in the soleus muscle. This protective effect may be partially due to a higher satellite cell number in the atrophied soleus muscle in the IR/AX/heat stress group compared with the numbers found in the other groups. We concluded that the combination treatment with dietary AX supplementation and repeated heat stress attenuates soleus muscle atrophy, in part by increasing the number of satellite cells.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Body Weight , Dietary Supplements , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Heat-Shock Response , Hindlimb , Hot Temperature , Immunohistochemistry , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy , Oxidative Stress , Rats, Wistar , Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology , Xanthophylls/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Introduction: The knowledge of the prevalence of risk factors and comorbidities, as well as the evolution and complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft allows comparison between institutions and evidence of changes in the profile of patients and postoperative evolution over time. Objective: To profile (risk factors and comorbidities) and clinical outcome (complications) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft in a national institution of great surgical volume. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft in the hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, from July 2009 to July 2010. Results: We included 3,010 patients, mean age of 62.2 years and 69.9% male. 83.8% of patients were hypertensive, 36.6% diabetic, 44.5% had dyslipidemia, 15.3% were smokers, 65.7% were overweight/obese, 29.3% had a family history of coronary heart disease. The expected mortality calculated by logistic EuroSCORE was 2.7%. The isolated CABG occurred in 89.3% and 11.9% surgery was performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. The most common complication was cardiac arrhythmia (18.7%), especially acute atrial fibrillation (14.3%). Pneumonia occurred in 6.2% of patients, acute renal failure in 4.4%, mediastinites in 2.1%, stroke in 1.8% and AMI in 1.2%. The in-hospital mortality was 5.4% and in isolated coronary artery bypass graft was 3.5%. The average hospital stay was 11 days with a median of eight days (3-244 days). Conclusion: The profile of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in this study is similar to other published studies. .
Introdução: O conhecimento da prevalência dos fatores de risco e comorbidades, bem como a evolução com complicações nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, permite a comparação entre instituições e a comprovação de modificações no perfil de pacientes e na evolução pós-operatória ao longo do tempo. Objetivo: Conhecer o perfil (fatores de risco e comorbidades) e a evolução clínica (complicações) nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica em uma instituição nacional de grande volume cirúrgico. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica no Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, no período de julho de 2009 a julho de 2010. Resultados: Foram incluídos 3010 pacientes, com idade média de 62,2 anos e 69,9% do sexo masculino. 82,8% dos pacientes eram hipertensos, 36,6% diabéticos, 44,5% dislipidêmicos, 15,3% tabagistas, 65,7% com sobrepeso/obesidade e 29,3% tinham antecedentes familiares de doença coronária. A mortalidade média esperada calculada pelo EuroSCORE logístico foi de 2,7%. A cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica isolada ocorreu em 89,3% e em 11,9% foi realizada cirurgia sem circulação extracorpórea. A complicação mais comum foi arritmia cardíaca (18,7%), especialmente a fibrilação atrial aguda (14,3%). Pneumonia ocorreu em 6,2% dos pacientes, lesão renal aguda em 4,4%, mediastinite em 2,1%, acidente vascular encefálico em 1,8% e infarto agudo do miocárdio em 1,2%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 5,4% e na cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica isolada foi de 3,5%. O tempo de permanência hospitalar médio foi de 11 dias, com mediana de oito dias (3 - 244 dias). Conclusão: O perfil dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica neste estudo assemelha-se ao de outros estudos publicados. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Gene Expression Profiling , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Muscular Atrophy/genetics , Triterpenes/pharmacology , Cell Line , Fasting , Gene Expression Regulation , Gene Expression/drug effects , Hindlimb/innervation , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Insulin/metabolism , Muscle Denervation , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle Strength/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy , Muscular Atrophy/metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor on muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The NOSI group (n=19) had NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) injections daily for 14 days, and the Vehicle group (n=20) had vehicle injections daily for 14 days. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from hindlimbs. Muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the dissected muscles were determined. RESULTS: The NOSI group showed significant increases as compared to the Vehicle group for body weight at 15 days, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of the unaffected soleus and gastrocnemius. The NOSI group demonstrated a higher pain threshold than the vehicle group. CONCLUSION: NOSI for 14 days attenuates unaffected soleus and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in neuropathic pain model.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Body Weight/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Eating/drug effects , Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Hindlimb , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle Proteins/metabolism , Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/administration & dosage , Neuralgia/etiology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20 microg) into the left striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Rats were divided into two groups; the Parkinson's disease group with vehicle treatment (Vehicle; n=12) or DHEA treatment group (DHEA; n=22). DHEA or vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 0.34 mmol/kg for 21 days. At 22-days after DHEA treatment, soleus, plantaris, and striatum were dissected. RESULTS: The DHEA group showed significant increase (p<.01) in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the lesioned side substantia nigra compared to the vehicle group. Weights and Type I fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus of the DHEA group were significantly greater than those of the vehicle group (p=.02, p=.00). Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation significantly decreased in the lesioned striatum, but was recovered with DHEA and also in the contralateral soleus muscle, Akt and ERK phosphorylation recovered significantly and the expression level of myosin heavy chain also recovered by DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that DHEA treatment recovers Parkinson's disease induced contralateral soleus muscle atrophy through Akt and ERK phosphorylation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Dehydroepiandrosterone/pharmacology , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy , Myosins/metabolism , Neurons/drug effects , Oxidopamine/toxicity , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced , Phosphorylation , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) on muscle weight and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. METHODS: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The DHEA group (n=10) had DHEA injections daily for 14 days, and the Vehicle group (n=10) had vehicle injections daily for 14 days. Withdrawal threshold, body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from the both hindlimbs. Body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were measured. RESULTS: The DHEA group showed significant increases (p<.05), as compared to the vehicle group for muscle weight of the unaffected plantaris, and in Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle. The DHEA group demonstrated a higher pain threshold than the vehicle group whereas total diet intake and activity score were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: DHEA administration for 14 days attenuates unaffected plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Body Weight , Dehydroepiandrosterone/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Eating/drug effects , Hindlimb , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy , Pain/etiology , Pain Measurement , Peripheral Nerves/injuries , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Beta-Agonists though have been widely studied for their protein anabolic effects in skeletal muscles, but the lipid status under work stress and agonist treatment have not been understood well in the skeletal muscles and heart of rat. In the present study, adult male Wistar rats were subjected to work overload stress and beta agonist isoproterenol treatment (2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) intraperitoneally) to examine, whether it attenuates work stress-induced changes or not. Simultaneously, beta2 antagonist butoxamine (2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) intraperitoneally) was administered to another isoproterenol-treated group. Work stress led to myofibrillar degeneration as well as rapid utilization of lipid to meet increased energy demands and for muscle repair, which was reflected through histochemical localization of lipids and biochemical estimation of cholesterol and triglycerides. Significantly decreased cholesterol levels in skeletal muscles and heart muscles were noticed. As expected, isoproterenol reversed the conditions by raising cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly in the skeletal muscles and also by ameliorating the degenerative changes in muscle fibres as induced by work overload. However, severe accumulation of lipids in heart infers towards deleterious effects of isoproterenol on heart and thus remains a limiting factor for its immediate clinical application. Further research is needed to separate desirable effects of beta agonists on skeletal muscles from any undesirable effects on the heart, so as to optimize their therapeutic potential.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Heart/drug effects , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Male , Motor Activity/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscular Atrophy/drug therapy , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stress, Physiological/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Os autores relatam um caso de plexopatia lombossacra em criança e em que a extensa investigaçao, incluindo ressonância nuclear magnética normal, biópsia muscular compatível com desinervaçao inicial e eletromiografia normal, afastou condiçoes associadas. O paciente apresentava dor intensa, fraqueza e atrofia do membro inferior esquerdo, reflexo aquileu ausente e reflexo patelar diminuído à esquerda. Parestesia no membro envolvido acompanhava o quadro. O tratamento realizado foi dexametasona por um mês e morfina intratecal durante três meses. A evoluçao foi favorável, apresentando, após um ano, atrofia discreta do membro acometido e leve paresia do músculo iliopsoas esquerdo.