Micotoxinas en el análisis de los alimentos: Un estudio con indicadores bibliométricos y mapas de visualización / Mycotoxins in food analysis: A study with bibliometric indicators and visualization maps

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar el desarrollo de la producción científica según año y revistas; determinar la estructura temática e identificar la red de coautoría de la literatura sobre micotoxinas en el análisis de los alimentos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con indicadores bibliométricos y mapas de visualización, en el que se usó la base de datos Scopus de los documentos incluidos desde el año 2011 al 2020. Se consideraron 453 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 382 artículos de investigación y 71 revisiones. El promedio de citas por artículo varió anualmente entre 6 (2019) y 40,5 (2012). La revista más productiva fue Mycotoxin Research, de la editorial Springer Nature. En el mapa de coocurrencias se obtuvieron 5 clústeres de descriptores. En el mapa de coautoría se hallaron 21 clústeres, 14 de ellos correspondieron a autores que investigaron en coautoría. El desarrollo científico tuvo una producción anual no uniforme, con crecimiento lento. La estructura temática según la red de coocurrencia indica que el término más frecuente es micotoxinas, correspondiente al enfoque micotoxinas que influyen en la salud pública del primer clúster. La red de coautoría indica que el 98,2 por ciento de los artículos fueron elaborados en coautoría y el autor más productivo fue Krska Rudolf, de la Queen's University Belfast, con 24 artículos(AU)

The purpose of the study was to identify the development of scientific production by year and journal, determine the thematic structure and identify the co-authorship network of the literature about mycotoxins in food analysis. A descriptive study was conducted of documents published in the database Scopus from 2011 to 2020, using bibliometric indicators and visualization maps. A total 453 articles were included which met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 382 were research articles and 71 were reviews. The average annual number of citations per article ranged from 6 in 2019 to 40.5 in 2012. The most productive journal was Mycotoxin Research from Springer Nature publishers. The co-occurrence map displayed five descriptor clusters, whereas the co-authorship map displayed 21 clusters, 14 of which corresponded to authors researching in co-authorship. Scientific development had a non-uniform, slowly growing annual output. The thematic structure according to the co-occurrence network shows that the most frequent term is mycotoxins, corresponding to mycotoxins influencing public health from the first cluster. The co-authorship network shows that 98.2percent of the articles were co-authored, and the most productive author was Krska Rudolf, from Queen's University, Belfast, with 24 articles(AU)

Screening and isolation of anti-Fusarium moniliforme compounds producing microorganisms from soil and corn

Fusarium moniliforme, fitopatógeno cosmopolita de milho, é responsável pela produçäo de micotoxina recentemente descoberta, denominada fumonisima. Com a finalidade de avaliar a inibiçäo de F. moniliforme, 34 antagonistas isolados de 60 amostras de solo e de 20 amostras de milho foram testados contra F. moniliforme 113F, produtor de fumonisina. O extrato bruto foi preparado com a cultura de microrganismos selecionados em caldo infuso de cérebro e coraçäo (BHI) e concentrados, adicionando-se etanol na proporçäo 1:1. A presença de organismos inibidores de F.moniliforme ocorreu em 29 amostras de solo, obtendo-se 36 microrganismos antagonistas. Referente ao milho, 15 amostras apresentaram microrganismos inibidores, permitindo o isolamento de 15 antagonistas. A caracterizaçäo destes 51 isolados demonstrou que 5 consistiram de leveduras, 3 cocos Gram-positivos , 3 cocos Gram-negativos e 40 bacilos Gram positivos, destacando-se a predominância do último grupo. Todos os 51 isolados

Inhibition of growth and mycotoxin production of aspergllus and penicillium by some selected food additives [Eugenol, soeugenol and monolaurin]

Sabouraud dextrose agar was prepared to contain up to 300 ppm of eugenol, isoeugenol or monolaurin. Eight strains of mycotoxin and non-mycotoxin producing Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were tested in this study. Spore suspensions of the molds were spotted in the center of agar plates and the linear [radial] growth rate was monitored during incubation. All agents inhibited mold growth on agar surface, but isoeugenol and eugenol were more effective than monolaurin. The average decrease in linear growth rate in the presence of eugenol, isoeugenol and monolaurin was 62, 51 and 21% at 100 ppm and 84, 88 and 26% at 200 ppm, respectively. At 300 ppm of eugenol and isoeugenol, the surface growth of all fungi was inhibited completely. However, monolaurin up to 2000 ppm did not prevent the growth of the molds. Molds tested, except P. viridicatum NRRL 6062, did not vary significantly [at P = 0.05] in degree of inhibition by a particular antifungal agent. A. parasiticus was grown in modified yeast extract dextrose broth containing 100 ppm of the antifungal agents. Decreases in mycelial dry weight in the presence of eugenol, isoeugenol or monolaurin were 5.3, 7.9, 10.5%, respectively, and the corresponding reductions in aflatoxin B1 synthesized were 58, 57 and 25%. In conclusion, eugenol and isoeugenol have strong antifungal properties which are best manifested when the surface growth of molds on solid media is monitored