ABSTRACT
Malaria, a disease which was under control in the beginning of Juscelino Kubitschek government, became the most important endemic disease in 1958, when Brazil made a commitment with the World Health Organization to convert its control programs into eradication programs. For this purpose a Malaria Control and Eradication Group was set up under the leadership of the malaria specialist Mário Pinotti. Malaria would become an important bargaining chip in the context of the development policies of Kubitschek. This article focuses on path of the Malaria Control and Eradication Working Group in Brazil, in its varying relationships with the arguments and guidelines established at international level.
A malária, doença que estava controlada no início do governo de Juscelino Kubitschek, torna-se a mais importante endemia em 1958, quando o Brasil assumiu o compromisso com a Organização Mundial da Saúde de converter seus programas de controle em programas de erradicação. Para isso foi instalado um Grupo de Controle e Erradicação da Malária sob a direção do malariologista Mário Pinotti. A malária seria uma importante moeda de negociação no contexto da política de desenvolvimento de Kubitschek. Este artigo tem como foco a trajetória do Grupo de Trabalho de Controle e Erradicação da Malária no Brasil, em suas diferentes relações com as discussões e normativas travadas e estabelecidas em âmbito internacional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cell Differentiation , Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis , Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics , Gene Deletion , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology , Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/diagnosis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biopsy , Breast Neoplasms/chemistry , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Chromosome Disorders/pathology , /genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/chemistry , Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/chemistry , Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/genetics , Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/pathology , Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue/surgery , Phenotype , Predictive Value of Tests , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Ultrasonography, MammaryABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to explore changes in rat colon motility, and determine the roles of calcium and inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate (IP3) in colon dysmotility induced by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by bacteria peritonitis. The number of stools, the contractility of the muscle strips and the length of smooth muscle cells (SMC) in the colon, the concentration of calcium and IP3 in SMC, and serum nitric oxide were measured. Number of stools, fecal weight, IP3 concentration in SMC and serum nitric oxide concentration were 0.77 ± 0.52 pellets, 2.51 ± 0.39 g, 4.14 ± 2.07 pmol/tube, and 113.95 ± 37.89 mumol/L, respectively, for the MODS group (N = 11) vs 1.54 ± 0.64 pellets, 4.32 ± 0.57 g, 8.19 ± 3.11 pmol/tube, and 37.42 ± 19.56 mumol/L for the control group (N = 20; P < 0.05). After treatment with 0.1 mM acetylcholine and 0.1 M potassium chloride, the maximum contraction stress of smooth muscle strips, the length of SMC and the changes of calcium concentration were 593 ± 81 and 458 ± 69 g/cm³, 48.1 ± 11.8 and 69.2 ± 15.7 muM, 250 ± 70 and 167 ± 48 percent, respectively, for the control group vs 321 ± 53 and 284 ± 56 g/cm³, 65.1 ± 18.5 and 87.2 ± 23.7 muM, 127 ± 35 and 112 ± 35 percent for the MODS group (P < 0.05). Thus, colon contractility was decreased in MODS, a result possibly related to reduced calcium concentration and IP3 in SMC.