Dolor tóraco-abdominal: "Si miras el corazón, encontrarás la razón". Serie de casos / Thoracic and abdominal pain, if you look at the heart you may find its cause: a case series

La isquemia miocárdica es un fenómeno secundario a la perfusión insuficiente del músculo cardíaco que en algunos casos puede ocurrir de forma aguda llevando a la necrosis celular y constituyendo el infarto agudo al miocardio (IAM). A pesar de que el diagnóstico de IAM es principalmente clínico, en ciertos casos en que no se sospeche de forma activa por presentar síntomas no típicos de isquemia miocárdica, el diagnóstico puede sugerirse por la Tomografía Computarizada (TC), que puede mostrar hallazgos sugerentes de IAM. A continuación, se comunica una serie de 4 casos clínicos con diagnóstico imagenológico incidental de IAM.

Myocardial ischemia is secondary to myocardial under perfusion. It can develop acutely leading to cell necrosis and myocardial infarction (AMI), or have a chronic course. Though the diagnosis of AMI is mainly clinical, in certain cases the symptoms may be atypical and the diagnosis can be suggested by images such as Computed Tomography (CT). Herein we report a series of 4 clinical cases with diagnosis of AMI following incidental CT imaging. There was an abdominal pain in 3 patients and a cervical pain in the remaining one. CT scan showed a hypodense myocardial image. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the appropriate laboratory and angiographic methods.

Clinical symptoms and imaging findings of cervical instability in young adult / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore clinical symptoms and X-ray imaging features of cervical instability in young adult represented by postgraduates with a master's degree in medicine.@*METHODS@#Totally 91 postgraduates with a master's degree in medicine were investigated from September to December 2021, including 45 males and 46 females;aged from 22 to 30 years old with an average of (25.30±2.18) years old. The cervical spondylosis-related discomfort symptoms of the subjects were collected and examined by the examiner for neck and shoulder tenderness point examination and cervical vertebra positive and lateral and functional X-ray radiography. According to the results of X-ray examination, the subjects were divided into stable cervical group and unstable cervical group.@*RESULTS@#Among 91 subjects, there were 50 patients with cervical instability, accounting for 54.90% of total number of subjects. The cervical curvature was abnormal in 78 patients, accounting for 85.70% of total number of subjects. Among 50 patients with cervical instability, 50 patients were diagnosed as cervical instability on the basis of angular displaxement(AD)≥ 11 °, including 13 cases of C3,4 instability, 30 cases of C4,5 instability and 7 cases of C5,6 instability;and 5 cases were diagnosed as cervical instability based on horizontal displacement(HD)≥ 3.5 mm, including 1 case of C3,4 instability and 4 cases of C4,5 instability. Compared with stable cervical group, the number of discomfort symptoms of neck pain, headache and shoulder pain in instability group was significantly higher than that of in stable cervical group(P<0.05);and the number of tenderness in spinous process space of C4,5 and C5,6, 2 cm adjacent to the spinous process of C2-C5 and the superior angle of the scapula (the stop point of levator scapulae) in the instability group was significantly higher than that in the stable cervical group (P<0.05);and the cervical curvature in the instability group was significantly lower than that in stable cervical group(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of cervical instability in young adult represented by postgraduates with a master's degree in medicine is high, they are mainly diagnosed as cervical instability on the basis of vertebral angular displacement ≥ 11°, and the instability segments are concentrated on C3,4, C4,5 and C5,6 segments, the occurrence of cervical instability is often accompanied by abnormalities of cervical curvature. Most of clinical manifestations are head, neck and shoulder pain, especially neck pain in unstable segment.

Manifestações oftalmológicas em paciente com aneurisma gigante de carótida interna / Ophthalmological manifestation in patient with gigantic aneurysm of the internal carotid

RESUMO Os aneurismas intracranianos são dilatações em segmentos arteriais que irrigam o sistema nervoso central. Acometem 2% da população e as alterações oftalmológicas podem ser as primeiras manifestações do quadro. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso de aneurisma de artéria carótida interna que cursou com restrição da movimentação ocular, alteração do reflexo fotomotor, ptose palpebral, dor facial e cervical. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela identificação do aneurisma por meio do exame de angiografia cerebral. Foi realizado teste de oclusão por balão, cujo resultado positivo possibilitou a oclusão total da artéria carótida interna por meio de ligadura cirúrgica, procedimento este realizado com sucesso.

ABSTRACT Intracranial aneurysms are dilations in segments of the arteries that irrigate the central nervous system. They affect 2% of the population and the ophthalmologic disorders may be the first evidence in the clinical examination. The aim of the report is to describe a case of an internal carotid artery aneurysm that showed restrictions of ocular movements, change of pupillary light reflex, palpebral ptosis, facial, and cervical pain. This diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of the aneurysm through angiography. A balloon occlusion test was performed, and its positive result made a complete occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery possible through surgery ligation, procedure that was successful.

Uso de teléfonos móviles, postura cervical anormal y su repercusión en el sistema estomatognático / Use of mobile phones, abnormal cervical posture and its impact on the stomatognathic system

Desde la introducción de los teléfonos móviles en los años 80, el crecimiento de su uso ha sido continuo y con una tasa de crecimiento cada vez mayor. Este crecimiento ha generado preocupación a nivel mundial respecto de los efectos que sobre la salud provocan. Uno de ellos tiene que ver con los cambios adaptativos que surgen a nivel de la columna cervical, por la acción de inclinar la cabeza hacia adelante repetidas veces, con el objeto de visualizar la pantalla. Se ha descrito una estrecha relación entre la columna cervical y el completo cráneomandibular, por lo que se espera que los componentes de ambos sistemas tengan la capacidad potencial de influirse de manera recíproca. Se ha demostrado que distintas actitudes posturales derivan en características diversas de oclusión, por lo que una modificación de la posición craneocervical afectaría tanto a la oclusión dentaria de manera particular, como de forma general a la biomecánica mandibular. El propósito de este trabajo es informar sobre los efectos que las posturas inadecuadas que adopta la columna cervical al utilizar teléfonos móviles, pueden provocar a nivel del sistema estomatognático (AU)

Tendinitis calcificante del musculo largo del cuello: presentación de un caso clínico / Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle: a case report / Tendinite calcificante do músculo longo do pescoço: apresentação de um caso clínico

La tendinitis calcificante del músculo largo del cuello es una patología subdiagnsoticada, de baja frecuencia, autolimitada. Se presenta clínicamente como una de las causas de odinofagia en la consulta médica. Se produce debido al depósito de cristales de hidroxiapatita en espacio retrofaríngeo, desencadenándose una respuesta inflamatoria local. En la TMLC el principal diagnóstico diferencial es el absceso retrofaríngeo, ya que puede presentarse clínicamente con odinofagia, disfagia , disminución de la movilidad del cuello y cervicalgia. En nuestro trabajo se analiza un caso clínico sobre dicha patología, en un hombre de 45 años; realizando un análisis de la sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad.

Calcific tendinitis of the long neck muscle is an underdiagnosed, low frequency, self-limited pathology. It is clinically presented as one of the causes of odynophagia in the medical consultation. It occurs due to the deposit of hydroxyapatite crystals in the retropharyngeal space, triggering a local inflammatory response. On This patholgy, the main differential diagnosis is retropharyngeal abscess, since it can present clinically with odynophagia, dysphagia, decreased mobility of the neck, and neck pain. In our work, a clinical case of this pathology is analyzed, in a 45-year-old man; performing an analysis of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this entity.

A tendinite calcificante do músculo longo do pescoço é uma patologia subdiagnsoticada, de baixa frequência, autolimitada. Apresenta-se clinicamente como uma das causas de odinofagia na consulta médica. Ocorre devido ao depósito de cristais de hidroxiapatita em espaço retrofaríngeo, desencadeando-se uma resposta inflamatória local. Na TMLC o principal diagnóstico diferencial é o abscesso retrofaríngeo, já que pode apresentar-se clinicamente com odinofagia, disfagia , diminuição da mobilidade do pescoço e cervicalgia. Em nosso trabalho analisa-se um caso clínico sobre essa patologia, em um homem de 45 anos; realizando uma análise da sintomatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento desta entidade.

Dolor cervical entre agricultores que producen tabaco en el sur de Brasil / Neck pain among tobacco farm workers in Southern Brazil

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia del dolor cervical y los factores asociados entre agricultores que producen tabaco. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 2.469 agricultores que producen tabaco en el sur de Brasil. Para la caracterización del dolor cervical se utilizó una adaptación del cuestionario nórdico para síntomas musculoesqueléticos. El análisis multivariante se realizó mediante la regresión de Poisson, siguiendo un modelo teórico jerárquico. La prevalencia del dolor cervical en el año previo entre la población estudiada fue del 7,4%. Las variables que se asociaron con el dolor cervical entre las mujeres trabajadoras fueron la edad, el consumo de tabaco, el enfardado del tabaco, el uso de motosierras pesadas, trabajar en un ritmo intenso o acelerado y la enfermedad del tabaco verde, mientras que, entre los varones, fueron la edad, el uso de motosierras pesadas, el trabajo sentado en el suelo, la intoxicación por plaguicidas y la enfermedad del tabaco verde. El estudio refuerza la importancia de las cargas de trabajo ergonómicas y fisiológicas en la determinación del dolor cervical. Se necesitan estudios futuros para comprender el papel de la exposición a los plaguicidas y a la nicotina en los problemas musculoesqueléticos. La mecanización de la cosecha del tabaco podría reducir la exposición ergonómica y química, mejorando así la salud de los agricultores.

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess neck pain prevalence and associated factors among tobacco farm workers. This is a cross-sectional study of 2,469 tobacco farm workers in southern Brazil. An adapted version of the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms was used to characterize neck pain. Multivariate analysis was performed using Poisson regression, following a hierarchical theoretical model. Neck pain prevalence in the last year among the population studied was 7.4%. Worker age, tobacco smoking, tobacco bundling, use of heavy chainsaws, working at an intense or accelerated pace and green tobacco sickness were variables associated with neck pain in females. Among males, age, use of heavy chainsaws, working in a sitting position on the ground, pesticide poisoning, and green tobacco sickness were associated with the outcome. The study reinforces the importance of ergonomic and physiological workloads in the determination of neck pain. Future studies are needed to understand the role of pesticides and nicotine exposures on musculoskeletal problems. The mechanization of tobacco harvesting could reduce ergonomic and chemical exposure, thereby improving farmers' health.

Ictus isquémico y disección bilateral de la arteria carótida interna: una manifestación rara del síndrome de eagle: reporte de un caso / Ischemic stroke and bilateral dissection of the internal carotid artery: a rare manifestation of the eagle syndrome: a case report

RESUMEN Un síndrome caracterizado por dolor cervical y un apófisis estiloides alargado fue descrito por primera vez por Watt Eagle en 1937. Aunque el síndrome de Eagle en su variante vascular es raro y no es reconocido como causa clara de disección carotídea, en los últimos años ha sido reportado un incremento del número de casos de disección carotídea causada por una apófisis estiloides alargada. Paciente de 56 años que acudió al servicio de urgencias por paresia facial izquierda aguda y habla confusa. Presentaba dolor cervical de dos días de evolución, relacionado con un ataque de tos. Se activó el código ictus y la tomografía computarizada (TC) mostró isquemia del lóbulo temporal derecho y disección bilateral de la arteria carótida interna. La angio-TC de los troncos supraaórticos con reconstrucción tridimensional, identificó una apófisis estiloides alargado en ambos lados. El paciente fue sometido a una angioplastía con colocación de dos stents. Debido al alto riesgo de padecer nuevo ictus, se decidió realizar tratamiento quirúrgico. Para el lado derecho se realizó un abordaje transoral y en el izquierdo un abordaje abierto. La apófisis estiloides alargado es una causa importante de disección carotídea y de las complicaciones cerebrovasculares relacionadas.

ABSTRACT A syndrome characterized by cervical pain and an abnormally elongated styloid process was first described by Watt Eagle in 1937. Even though vascular Eagle syndrome is uncommon and is not well recognized as a cause for carotid artery dissection, in the last few years there have been an increasing number of case reports of carotid artery dissection caused by an elongated styloid process. A 56 years old man presented to the emergency department with acute left facial weakness and slurred speech. He complained of two days neck pain, related to a coughing fit. The code stroke protocol was activated and imaging showed a right temporal bone stroke and a bilateral internal carotid artery dissection. A scan angiography of the supra-aortic vessels with 3D reconstruction was performed showing a bilateral abnormally elongated styloid process. The patient underwent angioplasty with two stent placements. Due to the high risk of recurrent strokes, the patient was evaluated in the otolaryngology department for styloid process resection. Finally a transoral approach for the right side and an open approach for the left side were performed. We have to consider an elongated styloid process as an important cause of carotid artery dissection and subsequent cerebrovascular complications

O tempo e maneira de utilização do celular podem predispor à lesões musculoesqueléticas: estudo caso-controle / Time and characteristics of cell phone usage may predispose musculoskeletal injuries: case-control study

Objetivo:avaliar e comparar o tempo de utilização, postura e o manuseio do celular entre voluntários com e sem dor na região dos membros superiores ou da coluna cervical. Métodos:Este estudo possui um delineamento observacional transversal. Foram avaliados o tempo e finalidade, a maneira e postura de utilização do celular utilizando questionários com questões abertas de 24 participantes com dor na região da coluna cervical ou membro superior e 24 do grupo controle, que não apresen-tavam dor, com gênero e idade pareados entre os grupos. As comparações entre grupos foram realizadas por meio do Teste T de student para as variáveis contínuas e para as categóricas o Qui quadrado. Resultados: o grupo com dor apresentou maior utilização do celular sem apoio, tempo para digitar, internet e chamada do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). Não houve diferen-ça entre os grupos para a utilização da agenda, ouvir músicas e jogar no celular e tipo de manuseio (p>0,05). Conclusão:O tempo de utilização do celular para digitar, usar a internet e chamadas, a maneira de digitar e a postura sem apoio foram maiores em voluntários com dor, sugerindo que esses fatores podem influenciar no desenvolvimento de dor musculoesque-léticas na região de cervical e de membros superiores. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate and compare the time of cell phone use among volunteers with and without pain in the upper limbs and cervical spine area. Methods:This is an observational cross-sectional study. Questionnaires about cell phone usage were applied in 24 participants reporting pain in the cervical spine or upper limb and 24 participants without pain, aged 20 to 32 years old. The exclusion criteria were history of previous surgery, trauma and orthopedic injury or usage of upper limbs immobilization over the past six months. The comparisons between groups were performed using the t student test for continuous data, and Chi-square test for categorical data. Results: The pain group showed greater use of cell phone in a sitting position and without any support, while the control group used it in a sitting position with support (p< 0.05). Cell phone usage time for typing messages, browsing the web and making phone calls were greater in the pain group than in the control group (p< 0.05). There was no difference between the groups for using the calendar, listening to music and playing games on mobile (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The time using the cell phone to type, use the internet and make calls, as well as the posture adopted and the usual handling of these devices are different between groups, suggesting that these factors may influence the musculoskeletal pain in the cervical region and upper limbs development.(AU)

Dor musculoesquelética em motoristas e cobradores de ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Brasil / Musculoskeletal pain among bus drivers and fare collectors in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Resumo A dor musculoesquelética em profissionais do setor de transporte tem sido relacionada às condições de trabalho. Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de dor cervical e sua relação com a dor em outros sítios (braços, mãos e ombros). Verificou-se a associação entre dor no pescoço, relacionada ou não à dor nos outros sítios, com os fatores ocupacionais. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico. Foram entrevistados 799 motoristas e 708 cobradores de ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Para o desfecho foi considerada a resposta sobre a existência de dor por sítio anatômico. A prevalência de dor musculoesquelética no pescoço foi de 16,3%. Para ombros, braços e mãos foram 15,4%, 13,3% e 6,3%, respectivamente. Aqueles com dor no pescoço apresentaram maiores prevalências de dores nas demais áreas estudadas. Os fatores associados à dor musculoesquelética foram sexo feminino, relato de incapacidade, percepção de ameaça a segurança, vibração, ruído elevado ou insuportável e adoção de postura desconfortável. Os resultados indicaram a elaboração de pistas para transformação do ambiente de trabalho, de maneira a contribuir para a promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores.

Abstract Musculoskeletal pain among professionals in the transport sector has been linked to working conditions. The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence of cervical musculoskeletal pain and its relation to pain in other areas (arms, hands and shoulders). The association between neck pain, related to pain in other areas or otherwise, was checked against occupational factors. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted with 799 bus drivers and 708 fare collectors of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The outcome was characterized according to the positive answer to the question about musculoskeletal pain in the anatomical areas studied. The prevalence of neck pain in the sample was highest at 16.3%, followed by pain in the shoulders 15.4%, arms 13.3% and hands 6.3%. The factors associated with musculoskeletal pain in the sample were being female, complaints of disability, perception of threat to safety, vibration, excessive or unbearable noise and sitting in an uncomfortable posture. The results provide clues to transformation of the workplace, thereby contributing to the enhancement of occupational health.

Dolor cervical atípico: síndrome de Eagle / Atypical neck pain: Eagle syndrome

Presentamos el caso de un varón de 45 años con dolor cervical derecho muy localizado, característico y persistente. El estudio radiológico nos permitió diagnosticar claramente un síndrome de Eagle. Por lo anterior el paciente fue sometido a cirugía de extirpación de apófisis estiloides derecha. El paciente evolucionó sin mayores complicaciones ni incidencias, y obteniendo la resolución del cuadro.

Here we introduce a 45-year-old man suffering from an intense, unique and permanent pain, located in his right neck. Radiology showed us signs leading to the diagnosis of Eagle Syndrome. Surgery of right Styloid apophysis removal, with no complications, letting the patient free of symptoms.

Prevalence of chronic spinal pain and identification of associated factors in a sample of the population of São Paulo, Brazil: cross-sectional study / Prevalência de dores de coluna crônicas e identificação de fatores associados em uma amostra da população da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic spinal pain, especially low-back pain and neck pain, is a leading cause of years of life with disability. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic spinal pain among individuals aged 15 years or older and to identify the factors associated with it. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study on a sample of the population of the city of São Paulo. METHOD: Participants were selected using random probabilistic sampling and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol-5D, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Fagerström test for nicotine dependence and Brazilian economic classification criteria were used. RESULTS: A total of 826 participants were interviewed. The estimated prevalence of chronic spinal pain was 22% (95% confidence interval, CI: 19.3-25.0%). The factors independently associated with chronic spinal pain were: female sex, age 30 years or older, schooling level of four years or less, symptoms compatible with anxiety and high physical exertion during the main occupation. Quality of life and self-rated health scores were significantly worse among individuals with chronic spinal pain. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of chronic spinal pain in this segment of the population of São Paulo was 22.0%. The factors independently associated with chronic pain were: female sex, age 30 years or older, low education, symptoms compatible with anxiety and physical exertion during the main occupation.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A dor de coluna crônica, especialmente dor lombar e cervical, é uma causa importante de anos de vida com incapacidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de algias vertebrais crônicas em indivíduos com 15 ou mais anos de idade e identificar fatores associados. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal em uma amostra da população da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODO: A seleção de participantes foi feita por amostragem probabilística aleatória e a colheita de dados, por entrevistas presenciais. Foram utilizadas a escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão (HADS), o EuroQol-5D, o teste de identificação de desordens devido ao uso de álcool (AUDIT), o teste de Fagerström para dependência de nicotina e o critério de classificação econômica Brasil. RESULTADOS: Um total de 826 participantes foi entrevistado. A prevalência de algias vertebrais crônicas foi estimada em 22% (intervalo de confiança, IC 95%: 19,3-25,0). Os fatores independentemente associados com algias vertebrais crônicas foram: sexo feminino, 30 ou mais anos de idade, quatro anos ou menos de escolaridade, sintomas compatíveis com ansiedade e esforço intenso físico durante a ocupação principal. Participantes com algias vertebrais crônicas apresentaram escores de qualidade de vida e autoavaliação de saúde significativamente piores. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de algias vertebrais crônicas em um segmento da população de São Paulo foi de 22%. Os fatores independentemente associados à dor crônica foram: sexo feminino, idade igual ou superior a 30 anos, baixa escolaridade, sintomas compatíveis com ansiedade e esforço físico durante a ocupação principal.

Disfagia devido a osteoitose cervical: relato de caso / Dysphagia due to cervical osteophytosis: case report

Doenças degenerativas na coluna cervical são comuns nos pacientes idosos. Os autores apresentam caso de paciente do sexo feminino, 44 anos, com quadro de disfagia progressiva relacionada à osteofitose cervical anterior em (C5-C6 e C6-C7). Esofagograma mostrou a compreensão esofágica pelos osteófitos anteriores. O tratamento realizado foi brocagem dos osteófitos, discectomia cervical em dois níveis e artrodese cervical, resultando na remissão completa do sintoma. Embora seja uma causa de disfagia, osteófito deve ser incluído como diagnóstico diferencial pois é uma causa tratável e reversível do sintoma.

Degenerative diseases of the cervical spine are common in elderly patients. The authors present a case report of female, 44 years old, with progressive dysphagia due to anterior cervical osteophytes (C5-C6 and C6-C7). Esophagogram showed esophageal compression by anterior osteophytes. The treatment was removal of osteophytes by drill, cervical discectomy on two levels and cervical arthrodesis, resulting in complete remission of symptoms. Although it is an un-common cause of dysphagia, osteophytes should be included in the differential diagnosis because it is a reatable and reversible cause of the symptom.

Síndrome de Eagle: revisión de la literatura / Eagle syndrome: literature review

El síndrome de Eagle es una condición infrecuente caracterizada por una elongación de la apófisis estiloides y/o una calcificación del ligamento estilohioideo. Clinicamente los pacientes presentan una larga historia de dolor crónico cervicofacial, tratado por múltiples especialistas y mediante variadas estrategias terapéuticas. El diagnóstico requiere de un alto índice de sospecha, basado fundamentalmente en la anamnesis y el examen físico. Presentamos una revisión y actualización sobre el síndrome de Eagle, abarcando sus aspectos clínicos relevantes, su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition characterized by an elongation of the styloid process and /or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament. Clinically, patients present with a history of chronic cervicofacial pain, treated by multiple specialists and through various therapeutic strategies. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, based primarily on the history and physical examination. We review and update on Eagle syndrome, covering their relevant clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment.

Discopatía calcificante de la infancia: una infrecuente causa de tortícolis adquirida. Caso clínico / Pediatric intervertebral disc calcification: A rare cause of acquired torticollis. Case report

Introducción: El dolor y la contractura muscular cervical son motivos de consulta usuales en los servicios de urgencia pediátrica. El primer enfrentamiento es la anamnesis y examen físico minucioso. Ante la sospecha de etiología musculoesquelética se debe solicitar radiografía de columna cervical. El hallazgo de calcificación de los discos intervertebrales, en ausencia de otras lesiones radiológicas, nos debe hacer sospechar de una discopatía calcificante de la infancia. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de discopatía calcificante de la infancia, enfermedad infrecuente, que se debe tener en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial de tortícolis y dolor cervical en la infancia. Caso clínico: Paciente varón de 7 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos ni historia de traumatismo o deportes bruscos. Consultó por historia de dolor y contractura cervical de 6 días de evolución. La velocidad de eritrosedimentación y proteína C reactiva estaban discretamente elevadas. La radiografía de columna cervical y la tomografía computarizada mostraron calcificación discal C5-C6 y protrusión discal anterior. Se hospitalizó para estudio y tratamiento del dolor, con buena respuesta clínica, continuando el manejo ambulatorio con antiinflamatorios no esteroidales y collar blando. Evolucionó con resolución de la sintomatología clínica y de las calcificaciones a 6 meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El hallazgo de calcificaciones de los discos intervertebrales es una infrecuente causa de tortícolis adquirida, de evolución benigna y autolimitada. Se recomienda manejo conservador por tiempo acotado y seguimiento clínico e imagenológico.

Introduction: Pain and cervical muscle spasm are common reasons why parents bring children to the pediatric emergency department. The first steps are the gathering of medical history of the patient and a physical examination. If musculoskeletal damage is suspected, cervical spine x-rays should be obtained. An intervertebral disc calcification finding, in the absence of other radiological lesions should suggest pediatric intervertebral disc calcification. Objective: To present a case of intervertebral disc calcification, a rare condition that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of torticollis and neck pain in childhood. Case report: A seven-year-old male patient without morbid history and no history of trauma or rough sport practice. He consulted the emergency room for pain and cervical contracture for the last six days. C reactive protein and red cell sedimentatio rates were slightly elevated. Imaging studies showed calcification of the C5-C6 intrvertebral disc and anterior disc protrusion. The patient was hospitalized for evaluation and pain management, with good clinical response and continue afterwards with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a soft collar. At the 6-month-follow up, the patient had resolved symptoms and calcifications. Conclusions: Pediatric intervertebral disc calcification is a rare cause of acquired torticollis, with a benign and self-limited outcome. Conservative management, as well as clinical and imaging follow-up is recommended.

Influence of craniomandibular and cervical pain on the activity of masticatory muscles in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder / Influência da dor craniomandibular e cervical na atividade dos músculos mastigatórios em indivíduos com Disfunção Temporomandibular

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the prevalence of pain in the craniomandibular and cervical spine region in individuals with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and to analyze the effects of these disorders on the bilateral activation of anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter (MA) muscles during the masticatory cycle. Methods: The participants were 55 female volunteers aged 18–30 years. The presence of TMD and craniomandibular and cervical spine pain was evaluated by applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire and using a combination of tests for the cervical region. The muscle activity of AT and MA during the masticatory cycle was assessed using the symmetry and antero-posterior coefficient indices. Results: The AT activity during the masticatory cycle is more asymmetric in individuals with TMD. The craniomandibular pain, more prevalent in these individuals, influenced these results. Conclusion: Individuals with TMD showed changes in the pattern activity of AT. The craniomandibular nociceptive inputs can influence the increase in asymmetry of the activation of this muscle. .

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de dor nas regiões craniomandibular e cervical em indivíduos com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) e analisar o efeito dessas desordens na ativação bilateral dos músculos temporal anterior (TA) e masseter (MA) durante o ciclo mastigatório. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 55 voluntários do sexo feminino com idade de 18 a 30 anos. A presença de DTM e de dor craniomandibular e cervical foi avaliada por meio do questionário Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) e uma combinação de testes para a região cervical. A análise da ativação muscular do TA e MA durante o ciclo mastigatório foi realizada através dos índices de simetria e do coeficiente anteroposterior. Resultados: A atividade dos músculos TA, durante o ciclo mastigatório, é mais assimétrica em indivíduos com DTM. A dor craniomandibular, mais prevalente nesses indivíduos, influencia nesses resultados. Conclusão: Indivíduos com DTM apresentam alteração no padrão mastigatório do músculo TA e estímulos nociceptivos da região craniomandibular podem influenciar no aumento da assimetria de ativação dessa musculatura. .

Desconforto vocal em indivíduos com queixa cervical: uma abordagem baseada em questionários de autoavaliação / Vocal discomfort in individuals with cervical complaints: an approach based onself-assessment questionnaires

Objetivo Verificar a relação entre a ocorrência de desconforto vocal e queixa cervical, a partir de questionários de autoavaliação. Métodos Trinta indivíduos de 18 a 65 anos de idade, todos com algum tipo de queixa cervical, responderam à versão traduzida e adaptada culturalmente do questionário de autoavaliação cervical The Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS) - denominado em português Escala Funcional de Incapacidade do Pescoço de Copenhagen (EFIPC) - e dois instrumentos de autoavaliação vocal: o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida e Voz (QVV) e a Escala de Desconforto do Trato Vocal (EDTV). Testes estatísticos foram aplicados para analisar a possibilidade de relação entre os dados obtidos. Resultados A maioria dos participantes referiu presença de desconforto vocal, sendo que quase metade deles apresentou relevante quantidade de sintomas desse desconforto. Dentre esses, a secura foi referida com maior frequência e a coceira, o sintoma que apresentou maior intensidade. Não houve correlação entre o EFIPC e o QVV ou o EDTV. Houve correlação negativa entre QVV e EDTV. Conclusão Apesar dos participantes apresentarem ocorrência elevada de desconforto vocal não houve correlação entre os questionários escolhidos. .

Purpose To verify the relationship between the occurrence of vocal discomfort and cervical complaints by using self-assessment questionnaires. Methods Thirty individuals (18–65 years of age) with various cervical complaints answered a translated and culturally adapted version of the self-assessment cervical questionnaire, The Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS), titled Escala Funcional de Incapacidade do Pescoço de Copenhagen (EFIPC), the vocal self-assessment instruments Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), and the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS). Statistical tests were used to analyze the possible relationships between the data obtained. Results Most of the participants reported the presence of vocal discomfort, with almost half presenting with a significant number of vocal discomfort symptoms; among these symptoms, dryness was reported most frequently and itching was reported with the highest intensity. No correlation was found between the EFIPC and V-RQOL or VTDS findings, but a negative correlation was found between the V-RQOL and VTDS findings. Conclusion Although the participants reported a high occurrence of vocal discomfort, no correlation was found between the selected questionnaires. .

Cervical spine fracture in advanced ankylosing spondylitis

No abstract available.

[Symmetry of cervical multifidus muscle in females with chronic non-specific neck pain and healthy by ultrasonography]

Multifidus muscle is one of the short and deep posterior Paraspinal muscles, which gives stability to the spine during various activities. Studies have shown that in people with neck pain, weakness and atrophy of neck muscles are major factors in the incidence of neck pain. Measurement of muscle's dimensions by ultrasonography provides an opportunity to be able to objectively assess muscle atrophy or hypertrophy. This study aimed to assess symmetry of cervical multifidus muscle size in females with chronic non-specific neck pain and healthy by ultrasonography apparatus. Twenty five women with unilateral chronic nonspecific neck pain and 25 healthy women were participated in this study. All subjects were employed and more than 4 hours working with computers or paying office in a day. Imaging of the cervical multifidus muscles were done bilaterally in the level of the fourth vertebra. Anterior-Posterior Dimension [APD], Lateral Dimension[LD], Cross-Sectional Area [multiplied of two diameters[APD and LD]] and the Shape ratio [Lateral diameter divided by the Anterior-Posterior diameter[LD/APD]] of the muscle were measured and recorded. Multifidus muscle size in patients group was smaller than the healthy group. In patients group, size of multifidus muscle in the painful side was smaller than the opposite side. Asymmetry of muscle size between the two sides, in the patient group was higher than the control group [P < 0.05]. The ratio of smaller size to the larger size of the muscle, in the healthy group was higher than the ratio in the patient group [P < 0.05]. In patients group, asymmetry of the muscle size between two sides, also smaller size of the muscle in the painful side, showed that muscle atrophy has happened in the involved side