Evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy in feline injection site-associated sarcoma / Avaliação da quimioterapia no tratamento do sarcoma de aplicação felino

Feline Injection Site-Associated Sarcoma (FISS) is a neoplasm that implies in reduction of quality of life and overall survival in feline patients. A retrospective study of 13 cases of FISS was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment associated to chemotherapy with doxorubicin or carboplatin. Local recurrence occurred in all patients. Patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy presented a longer overall survival and disease-free interval when compared to those that solely received surgical treatment, although no statistical significance was observed (p= 0.3360 and 0.7506, respectively). Surgery remains as the main option for FISS treatment. Further prospective studies with larger samples are warranted to investigate the benefit of chemotherapy for this neoplasm.(AU)

O Sarcoma de Aplicação Felino (SAF) é uma neoplasia associada a redução na qualidade de vida e sobrevida global. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da quimioterapia associada à cirurgia no manejo do SAF. Estudo retrospectivo de 13 pacientes com SAF submetidos à cirurgia isolada ou associada a quimioterapia com carboplatina ou doxorrubicina. Recorrência local ocorreu em todos os pacientes. Pacientes tratados com cirurgia e quimioterapia apresentaram maior sobrevida global e intervalo livre de doença quando comparados àqueles que receberam apenas tratamento cirúrgico, mas não foi observada diferença estatística (p=0,3360 e 0,7506, respectivamente). A cirurgia continua sendo a principal opção para o tratamento do SAF. Estudos prospectivos são necessários para investigação do real benefício da quimioterapia para esta neoplasia.(AU)

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of seven cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and pathologic features of 7 cases of EMC encountered in Fujian Provincal Hospital and Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command during the period of 2005 to 2015 were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study and PAS staining were carried out. Relevant literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The male-to-female ratio was 6 to 1. The age of patients ranged from 21 to 50 years (median = 36 years). The maximum tumor dimension ranged from 2.5 to 15.0 cm (mean = 8.4 cm). The sites of involvement included left neck, right shoulder, left thigh, right thigh, right upper arm and abdomen. Most patients presented with painless lumps. Histologically, all cases showed similar features. Low-power examination showed a nodular or lobulated architecture, with intervening fibrous septa and myxoid matrix in the background. The tumor cells were arranged in cords or tufted clusters. They were spindly to epithelioid / rhabdoid (plasmacytoid) in shape, with eosinophilic to sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies and coagulative necrosis were focally seen. Mitotic figures were rare (less than 2 per 10 high-power fields). Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin (7/7) and INI1 (7/7). They were focally positive for CKpan (2/7), p63 (3/7), CD99 (3/7), S-100 protein (1/7) and synaptophysin (2/7). Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 10% to 40%. The tumor cells were negative for α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, myoD1, CD34 and CD117. The cytoplasm of the tumor cells was positive for PAS. EWSR1 gene signal was detected in 5 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EMC is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor. Arrival at correct diagnosis relies on morphologic examination and immunohistochemistry. Molecular pathology is helpful when necessary. The primary treatment modality for EMC is complete surgical excision and the prognosis is satisfactory.</p>

Liquid-based cytology diagnosis of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic lesions / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology test (LCT) in pancreatic lesions sampled by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of 556 cases of LCT smears sampled by EUS-FNA of pancreatic lesions was performed, and 164 cases had histologic diagnosis with subsequent surgical resection or biopsy and immunohistochemistry. The accuracy of the cytologic diagnosis was assessed using the histologic diagnosis as the gold standard. The discrepant cases were reviewed to identify sources of errors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The satisfactory rate for EUS-FNA was 96.0%(534/556). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 87.7%(128/146), 13/16, 97.7%(128/131), 41.9%(13/31) and 87.0%(141/162) respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was lower in cystic lesions than that in solid lesions. The LCT sensitivities of adenocarcinoma, lymphoma and neuroendocrine tumors were higher than those of cystic tumors and mesenchymal tumors. False positive diagnosis was mainly due to epithelial abnormalities in inflammatory reaction. False negative diagnosis was mainly due to scanty or lack of tumor cells in the smears, or mild atypia that was insufficient for diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EUS-FNA is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. Standardized terminology and nomenclature are helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.</p>

Liposarcoma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature.

Liposarcoma is one of the most common malignant mesenchymal neoplasms, comprising approximately 15% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. First described by “Virchow” in 1857, it has been extensively reported in the literature, although its incidence remains exceedingly rare in the head and neck region with an annual incidence estimated to be 2.5/1 million inhabitants in population-based studies. It is one of the most common malignant mesenchymal neoplasms, comprising approximately 15% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. It is a heterogeneous disease with distinct sub-entities presenting with differential clinical behavior. The purpose of this article is to report an additional case of liposarcoma of the buccal vestibule and to review the literature.

Surgical principles of gastrointestinal stromal tumors at different locations / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in gastrointestinal tract. At present, surgical and molecular targeted therapies are the main treatments. Operation is properly the only way of radical resection. The general principles of surgery are complete resection of the tumor, negative margins, as well as no intraoperative tumor rupture. The choice of surgical skills for GIST is obviously affected by different locations. This paper reviews current literatures combined with our experiences, and elaborates relevant contents in detail.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: a report of 5 cases and review of literature / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathologic features of 5 cases of EMC (during the period from 2008 to 2013) were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical study (EnVision method) was carried out using the archival material. The literature was reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were altogether 3 female patients and 2 male patients. Their age ranged from 38 to 63 years (average = 51 years). The patients primarily presented with a tender soft tissue mass. All the tumors studied were solitary and the duration of disease onset varied from 3 months to 1 year. The sites of involvement included toe (number = 2), intracranial (number = 1), thigh (number = 1) and shoulder (number = 1). Gross examination showed white nodular masses with a gelatinous cut surface. The average tumor size measured 5.2 cm in greatest dimension. Histologically, a multinodular architecture with fibrous or loose fibrovascular septa separating lobules of tumor cells was identified. The lobules contained abundant myxoid stroma, with peripheral accentuation of tumor cellularity. Two cases were diagnosed as cellular variant of EMC, with invasive growth pattern and hemorrhage. The tumor cells in cellular EMC were arranged in solid nodules, with rare myxoid matrix in between. The nuclei were relatively uniform, round to oval and contained prominent nucleoli. The mitotic figure ranged from 5 to 10 per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemical study showed that all of the 5 cases were positive for vimentin, mitochondria and CD56. Two cases expressed synaptophysin and NSE. Focal positivity for these neuroendocrine markers was detected in the other 2 cases. Chromogranin and S-100 protein expression was demonstrated in 2 cases. The staining for epithelial membrane antigen was positive in case 2 and negative in the other 4 cases. CD117 showed diffuse positivity in case 1, the other 4 cases were not expressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EMC is a rare soft tissue sarcoma characterized by distinctive histopathologic features and often shows neuroendocrine differentiation. Although EMC is a slow-growing tumor, it carries a high local recurrence rate and even metastases, warranting long-term follow up.</p>

Avaliação por ressonância magnética de massas cardíacas / Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cardiac masses

FUNDAMENTO: Tumores cardíacos são extremamente raros; no entanto, quando há suspeita clínica, é necessária a correta avaliação diagnóstica, para planejar o tratamento mais adequado. Nesse contexto, a ressonância magnética cardiovascular tem um papel importante, permitindo uma abrangente caracterização de tais lesões. OBJETIVO: Revisar os casos encaminhados a um Serviço de Ressonância Magnética para investigação de massas cardíacas e paracardíacas. Descrever a série de casos positivos, juntamente de uma breve revisão da literatura para cada tipo de lesão e sobre o papel da ressonância magnética cardiovascular em sua avaliação. MÉTODOS: Entre agosto de 2008 e dezembro de 2011, foram revistos todos os casos de pacientes encaminhados a ressonância magnética com suspeita de neoplasia envolvendo o coração. Foram selecionados aqueles com confirmação histopatológica, evolução ou resposta terapêutica compatíveis com a suspeita clínica e achados de imagem. RESULTADOS: Entre os 13 pacientes incluídos neste estudo, oito (62%) tiveram confirmação histopatológica. Foram descritas cinco neoplasias benignas (mixomas, rabdomioma e fibromas), cinco neoplasias malignas (sarcoma, linfoma, síndrome de Richter cardíaca e doença metastática) e três lesões não neoplásicas (cisto pericárdico, trombo intracardíaco e vegetação infecciosa). CONCLUSÃO: A informação disponível sobre essa questão é escassa. Estudos prospectivos adicionais são necessários para elucidar o papel desses nutrientes no risco cardiovascular de pacientes com diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac tumors are extremely rare; however, when there is clinical suspicion, proper diagnostic evaluation is necessary to plan the most appropriate treatment. In this context, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) plays an important role, allowing a comprehensive characterization of such lesions. OBJECTIVE: To review cases referred to a CMRI Department for investigation of cardiac and paracardiac masses. To describe the positive case series with a brief review of the literature for each type of lesion and the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation. METHODS: Between August 2008 and December 2011, all cases referred for CMRI with suspicion of tumor involving the heart were reviewed. Cases with positive histopathological diagnosis, clinical evolution or therapeutic response compatible with the clinical suspicion and imaging findings were selected. RESULTS: Among the 13 cases included in our study, eight (62%) had histopathological confirmation. We describe five benign tumors (myxomas, rhabdomyoma and fibromas), five malignancies (sarcoma, lymphoma, Richter syndrome involving the heart and metastatic disease) and three non-neoplastic lesions (pericardial cyst, intracardiac thrombus and infectious vegetation). CONCLUSIONS: CMRI plays an important role in the evaluation of cardiac masses of non-neoplastic and neoplastic origin, contributing to a more accurate diagnosis in a noninvasive manner and assisting in treatment planning, allowing safe clinical follow-up with good reproducibility.

Osteosarcoma in the preadolescent Filipino patient

Objective. Classic high-grade osteosarcoma is uncommon in preadolescents (less than or equal to 10 years of age). The possibilities of clinicopathologic differences from the typical adolescent osteosarcoma patient have been raised. We sought to compare the presentation, treatment and survival of this subgroup of patients with published rates in order to determine if there is a need to use a treatment regimen different from that for regular adolescent osteosarcoma patients. Methods. Records of the University of the Philippines-Musculoskeletal Tumor Unit (UP-MuST) over a 15-year period (1993-2008) were reviewed and data collected on patients 10 years and younger with biopsy-proven classic high-grade intramedullary osteosarcoma who underwent complete treatment by the Unit. Demographics and survival rates were then compared with published rates for preadolescent and regular adolescent osteosarcoma cases. Results. There were fourteen patients; (6M:8F; age: 4-10 years). The most common presentation was a painful mass in the distal femur (8); the tumors most commonly had osteoblastic histology (12). Treatment consisted of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, wide surgical excision through ablation (9) or limb-saving surgery (5), and postoperative chemotherapy. There was a good histologic response (over 90% tumor necrosis) in four patients. Seven patients are ANED (alive no evidence of disease) 25 to 186 months after diagnosis. Five-year survival estimate is 52%, compared to a dismal 5 to 10% 15 years ago. Conclusion. Clinicopathologic presentation, clinical course, and overall survival in this subgroup of patients are comparable with published results for both preadolescent and adolescent osteosarcoma patients. There is no need to alter the present treatment regimen for this group of young patients.

Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberans gigante de couro cabeludo: relato de caso / Giant dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of scalp: case report

O dermatofibrossarcoma protuberans (DFSP) é uma neoplasia de tecidos moles de notávelagressividade local, altos índices de recorrência (> 40%) e baixo potencial metastatizante.Ocorre principalmente em tronco e porção proximal de extremidades, sendo incomum emcouro cabeludo, onde perfaz menos de 5% do total de casos. Habitualmente apresenta dimensõesmédias de 5 cm à ocasião da ressecção cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatarcaso de paciente com tumoração gigante em couro cabeludo (20x16x14 cm), enfatizandosuas peculiaridades e discutindo possibilidades terapêuticas.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a soft tissue neoplasm with remarkable localaggressiveness, high levels of recurrence (> 40%) and low metastasizing potential. Occurspredominantly in trunk and proximal extremities, being uncommon in scalp, where representsless than 5% of all cases. Usually presents average size of 5 cm at the time of surgicalexcision. The objective of this study is to report a patient with giant tumor of scalp (20x16x14cm), emphasizing its peculiarities and therapeutic options.

Multidetector CT and MR Imaging of Cardiac Tumors

The purpose of this article is to provide a current review of the spectrum of multidetector CT (MDCT) and MRI findings for a variety of cardiac neoplasms. In the diagnosis of cardiac tumors, the use of MDCT and MRI can help differentiate benign from malignant masses. Especially, the use of MDCT is advantageous in providing anatomical information and MRI is useful for tissue characterization of cardiac masses. Knowledge of the characteristic MRI findings of benign cardiac tumors or thrombi can be helpful to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Presurgical assessment of malignant cardiac tumors with the use of MDCT and MRI may allow determination of the resectability of tumors and planning for the reconstruction of cardiac chambers.

Cambios en los tejidos blandos relacionados con el movimiento de las estructuras duras en cirugía bimaxilar, a los dieciocho meses / Soft tissue changes in relationship to movement of hard structures in bimaxillary surgery, eighteen months follow up

Introducción: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el acompañamiento de los tejidos blandos a los duros luego de cirugía ortognática bimaxilar con mentoplastia o sin ella. Métodos: en veintidós pacientes que asistieron durante los años 2004 a 2006 al Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (HUSVP). Se tomaron dos radiografías: prequirúrgica (T1) un mes antes de la cirugía y posquirúrgica (T2) dieciocho meses después. Resultados: en este estudio se encontró que en el maxilar en el plano horizontal, el mayor acompañamiento lo presentó labralis superior con 95 porciento, seguido de subnasal y punta nasal con 67 y 60 porciento respectivamente. En la mandíbula fue del 111, 81,9, 69, 68 y 30 porciento para el labralis inferior, punto B, mentón, pogonion y gnation respectivamente; en tanto en sentido vertical el seguimiento fue de 112, 100 y 55 porciento, para labralis superior, la punta nasal y subnasal respectivamente. La mandíbula mostró seguimiento de 92 porciento para mentón, 72 para gnation, 54 para pogonion y 32 para punto B con relación a sus correspondientes puntos de tejidos duros. Al comparar las diferencias de acompañamiento de los tejidos blandos a los tejidos duros en el plano horizontal, en los pacientes con mentoplastia y sin ella; se encontró diferencia significativa en el punto B y pogonion, a su vez en el plano vertical en gnation, punto B y pogonion. Conclusión: se concluye que el acompañamiento de los tejidos blandos a los tejidos duros después de cirugía ortognática bimaxilar a los dieciocho meses de la cirugía es diferente a las cirugías unimaxilares y se deben establecer parámetros para nuestra población latinoamericana.

Mixomas cardíacos: estudio morfológico e inmunohistoquímico de 50 biopsias

Los mixomas son los tumores primarios más frecuentes del corazón. Se analizaron histopatológicamente 50 biopsias de mixomas cardíacos en 24 de las cuales, se hizo el estudio inmunohistoquímico. Los pacientes (M/F: 19/31) cuyas edades fueron entre la 2ª y 7ª década de vida, presentaron sintomatología variada, fueron operados con el diagnóstico de tumor y/o masa intracardíaca. La localización más frecuente de los mixomas fue en aurículas izquierda (86,0 por ciento) y derecha (8,0 por ciento). Macroscópicamente, presentaron aspecto gelatinoso y mixoide. Sólo un caso estaba petrificado. Midieron entre 3 y 10 cm y el 50,0 por ciento eran pediculados. Al microscopio de luz, se caracterizaron por la presencia de: células aisladas o formando estructuras vasculares (94,0 por ciento), seudopapilares (54,0 por ciento) y seudo glandulares (4,0 por ciento);abundante matriz mixoide con células inflamatorias (96,0 por ciento), hemorragia (94,0 por ciento), nódulos de Gamna-Gandi (30,0 por ciento) y calcificaciones (18,0 por ciento). El estudio inmunohistoquímico reveló: marcaje positivo en las células tumorales para: vimentina (100,0 por ciento) ,CD34 (83,0 por ciento), actina músculo liso (37,0 por ciento) y desmina (17,0 por ciento). El marcaje para S-100 fue negativo y la citoqueratina (A1/AE3) resultó positiva sólo en un caso con diferenciación glandular. Conclusiones: Basándonos en el estudio inmunohistoquímico consideramos que existen evidencias del origen mesenquimal del tumor con diferenciación predominante hacia la línea endotelial

Myxomas are the most frequent primary tumors of the heart. Fifty cardiac biopsies of myxomas were analyzed by histopathology, in 24 of which, the immunohistochemical was done. Patients (M/F: 19/31) whose ages were between second and seventh decade of life, presented varied sintomatology, were operated with the diagnosis of tumor and/or intracardiac mass. The most frequent location of myxomas was in left (86.0%) and right (8.0%) auricles. Macrocospically, they presented gelatinous and mixoide aspect, one single case was petrified. They measured between 3 and 10 cm and 50.0% were pediculate. To the light microscope, they were characterized by: isolated cells or forming vascular structures (94.0%), seudopapilars (54.0%) and pseudo glandulars (4.0%); abundant mixoide matrix with inflammatory cells (96.0%), hemorrhage (94.0%), nodules of Gamna-Gandi (30.0%) and calcifications (18.0%). The immunohistochemical study revealed: positive marker in the tumorlike cells: vimentine (100.0%), CD34 (83.0%), actine smooth muscle (37.0%) desmine (17.0%). The marker for S-100 were negative and the cytoqueratine (A1/AE3) was positive in a single case with glandular differentiation. Conclusions: on the base of the immunohistochemical study, we considered that evidences exist that support the mesenquimal origin of the tumor with predominant differentiation towards the endotelial line

Correlation analysis of gastric cancer with extranodal metastasis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the correlations between extranodal metastasis(EM)and clinicopathologic features of gastric cancer and the relationship between EM and prognosis of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data of patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma were studied retrospectively to evaluate the prognostic factors in gastric cancer by univariate and multivariate analyses of Cox regression with SPSS 13.0 software. Two hundred and seventy-six patients with primary gastric cancer undergone operation in Tianjin Cancer Hospital from Jan. 2001 to Dec. 2001 were studied and followed up until Dec. 2006 or death.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EMs were found in 58(21.0%) of the 276 patients. The overall 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the patients without EM were 71.2%, 55.4%, and 45.1% respectively. The overall 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the patients with EM were 24.1%, 15.5%, and 8.0% respectively. Postoperative overall survival rates were significantly lower for patients with EM than those without EM(P=0.000). EM was correlated with differentiation (r=0.163, P=0.008), invasive depth (r=0.215, P=0.003), lymph node metastasis (r=0.368, P=0.000), distant metastasis (r=0.375, P=0.000), advanced stage(r=0.441, P=0.000), and tumor size (r=0.167, P=0.007). Multivariate analysis identified EM as an independent prognostic factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EM is correlated with many clinicopathological features of gastric cancer. EM is an independent prognostic factor of gastric cancer.</p>

Elastofibroma, apariencia por TC y RM / Elastofibroma dorsi: CT and MRI appearence

Propósito: Describir los hallazgos y apariencia del elastofibroma por TC y RM. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron siete pacientes de sexo femenino cuyas edades oscilaron entre 60 y 75 años. Todas las pacientes presentaban masas unilaterales de partes blandas sobre la región periescapular (cuatro del lado izquierdo y tres del lado derecho); una paciente desarrolló una lesión contralateral al año. Cuatro de las pacientes presentaban dolor; en ellas las lesiones fueron extirpadas quirúrgicamente, en dos se realizaron punciones biopsias percutáneas y la restante se encuentra bajo seguimiento clínico imagenológico. Resultados: Tomográficamente las lesiones presentaron densidad similar a la del músculo pero con presencia de bandas hipodensas correspondientes a bandas de tejido adiposo. Luego de la administración de contraste por vía e.v. (en cinco casos) la densidad persistía igual a la del músculo. En RM en la secuencia de T1 las lesiones se caracterizaron por ser isointensas con respecto al músculo y con áreas hipertensas lineales correspondiente a las bandas de tejido graso. En las secuencias de FSE T2 las lesiones se presentaron levemente hipertensas. Tras la administración de gadolinio por vía e.v. se constató en la secuencia de T1 con supresión grasa un refuerzo marcado de las tumoraciones. No se observó compromiso de estructuras óseas ni musculares vecinas. Conclusión: La TC y la RM son métodos de diagnóstico útiles para la detección de fibroelastomas periescapulares

Morfologia de las celulas en los tumores mixoides / Morphology of the cells in myxoid tumors

Describimos un estudio morfológico de las células en tumores mixoides o con áreas mixoides: fibrosarcomna mixoide, mixoma, liposarcoma mixoide, rabdomiosarcoma embrionario, condroma y condrosarcoma, leiomiosarcoma mixoide, Schwannoma y odontoameloblastoma; y se las compara con los fibroblastos del tejido conectivo reticular del cordón umbilical, del mesénquima embrionario, y del tejido conectivo laxo en procesos inflamatorios. Los métodos utilizados son: H-E, PAS, tricrómico de Masson y la técnica panóptica de Del Río Hortega. Los resultados con la técnica panóptica revelan fibroblastos bipolares con largas prolongaciones. En el mixoma y fibrosarcoma mixoide son estrellados con múltiples prolongaciones y con secreción mucinosa citoplasmática contenida en ampollas o bochas que se deslizan por las prolongaciones hasta resolverse en sus extremos o volcarse al espacio intercelular. En el lipoblastoma mixoide el lipoblasto es también estrellado con múltiples prolongaciones y gotas de lípidos. Los rabdomioblastos son raquetoides con estriaciones transversales; los condroblastos poseen amplio citoplasma con procesos cortos. Los leiomioblastos tienen citoplasma acintado, núcleos en habano y miofibrillas. Las células de Schwann tienen largas y finas prolongaciones opositopolares; los odontoblastos muestran amplio citoplasma con numerosas prolongaciones orientadas hacia la dentina. Estos detalles morfológicos ayudan al diagnóstico diferencial de estos tumores complementados con la inmunocitoquímica

Technetium - 99 m sestamibi uptake in differentiation between viable and non - viable soft tissue tumours

The role of technetium-99m sestamibi [Tc-99m-MIBI] for evaluating various benign and malignant soft tissue pathologies and for the assessment of effectiveness of therapy was investigated in a prospective study. Technetium-99m MIBI was examined in 48 patients with soft tissue lesions [36 malignant, 12 benign]. Thirty-three malignant lesions were found to concentrate radiotracer and the mean lesion to non-lesion [L/N] uptake ratio was significantly higher than that of benign lesions. Nineteen patients with malignant soft tissue sarcomas received treatment in the form of wide surgical excision and postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. A significant post treatment decrease of Tc-99m MIBI uptake with mean L/N value in patients with complete response confirmed by the histopathologic examination, whereas, the uptake ratio was increased in four out of six cases with local recurrence. Thus, quantitative Tc-99m-MIBI has a significantly good indicator for the detection of malignant soft tissue lesions as well as for assessing the treatment response and emphasis of local recurrence

Epidemiologia dos sarcomas / Epidemiology of the sarcomas

Os estudos epidemiológicos são grandes auxiliares na luta contra o câncer, pois descrevem a ocorrência das neoplasias malignas, fazendo comparações geográficas e análises da tendência ao longo do tempo. Da mesma maneira, através dos estudos epidemiológicos observacionais, pode-se estudar seus fatores de risco e os prognósticos, fornecendo subsídios para se atuar em três níveis de preservação. No primeiro deles, através da eliminação ou redução dos fatores de risco, propriamente dito. No segundo, com a detecção precoce poder-se-ia exercer influência no desenvolvimento do tumor, em sua fase inicial. E, por último, a atuação seria no sentido não só de prolongar a sobrevida do paciente, mas a sua qualidade de vida. Neste trabalho são apresentados os coeficientes de incidência, segundo sexo, para neoplasia de ossos e neoplasias malignas do tecido conjuntivo e partes moles, como um todo e para alguns tipos específicos, como rabdomiossarcoma, osteossarcoma e sarcoma de Ewing. Alé disso foi feita uma revisão dos principais fatores de risco e fatores prognósticos, bem como as taxas de sobrevida para pacientes acometidos por esses tumores. Optou-se por expor cada um dos grupos separadamente devido às características diferentes de cada um. Embora os coeficientes se incidência tenham declinado, principalmente na Europa, nos últimos anos e as taxas de sobrevida tenham melhorado consideravelmente, ainda permanece obscuro quais seriam os grupos de risco que mereceriam atenção especial dos profissionais da área da saúde. Isso possibilitaria a detecção precoce e, conseqüentemente, evitaria a utilização de terapias mais agressivas...

Síndrome da polipose adenomatosa do cólon: familial e Gardner: apresentaçäo de dois casos e revisäo da literatura / Adenomatous polyposis colonic syndrome: familial and Gardner: apresentation of two cases and literature review

Os autores descrevem dois casos de polipose adenomatosa colônica, sendo uma Familial e a outra Gardner. Discutem as características das síndromes e enfatizam o tratamento eminentemente cirúrgico. Debatem o tipo de cirurgia a ser realizada e concluem que a colectomia total com íleo-reto anastomose é o procedimento de escolha nos pacientes que näo apresentam ou säo portadores de pequenos números de pólipos retais. Este procedimento tem menores índices de complicaçöes e distúrbios psicológicos quando comparados a proctocolectomia total com ileostomia definitiva ou anastomose íleo-anal