Naturalez neuronal de los neuroblastomas de la clasificación de la Río Hortega del sistema nervioso central: estudio con técnicas argénticas e inmunohistoquímicas / Neuroblastomas neuronal nature of the classification of the Hortega River of the central nervous system. Argénticas study and immunohistochemical techniques

El objetivo fue demostrar que los llamados meduloblastomas del Sistema Nervioso Central son neuroblastomas, tumores de origen neural con identidad propia. Siguiendo a Del Río Hortega y Polak se estudiaron 33 meduloblastomas cerebelares clínica y anatomopatológicamente demostrados. Se utilizaron técnicas de anilinas, impregnación argéntica y de inmunohistoquímica. Se analizó extensamente la bibliografía haciendo énfasis en el origen e histogénesis de las neuronas. Se tuvo en cuenta un principio básico que para reconocerlas se debe teñir el núcleo, el citoplasma y sus prolongaciones. Con las técnicas habituales de hematoxilina- eosina se observa sólo el núcleo y citoplasma, con la inmunohistoquímica se caracteriza la estirpe y con las técnicas argénticas las prolongaciones, con las que Cajal, Del Río Hortega, Golgi y otros estudiaron y descubrieron las células del SNC normal y patológico, cuya teoría de la neurona de Cajal no fue superada hasta la actualidad.

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the called meduloblastoma of the central nervous system, are neuroblastomas, tumors of neural origin with its own identity .Following the published studies from Del Rio Hortega and Pollak, we studied 33 cerebellar medulloblastoma, clinically and pathologically demonstrated We used silver, aniline stains and immunohistochemestry. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, with emphasis on the origin and histogenesis of neurons. A basic principle was considered to recognize a neuron, the nucleus, the cytoplasm and the neuronal extensions must be stained. With standard hematoxilin and eosin techniques we only observed the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The immunohistochemestry showed the cell line origin and the silver stain make evident the neuronal extensions. Del Rio Hortega, Cajal, Golgi and others discovered and studied the normal and pathological central nervous system cell. The Cajal’s neuron theory was unsurpassed even today.

Morphometric evaluation of NB84, synaptophysin and AgNOR is useful for the histological diagnosis and prognosis in peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs)

OBJECTIVE: To study the importance of NB84, synaptophysin and AgNOR and explore the quantitative association of these factors with diagnosis and outcome as well as the association between NB84 and AgNOR and other tumor and stromal factors in twenty-eight peripheral neuroblastic tumors. METHODS: We assessed AgNORs, NB84, synaptophysin and several other markers in tumor tissues from 28 patients with primary neuroblastic tumors. The treatment included: surgery for stage 1, chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation for most of stages 3 and 4. Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and morphometry were used to evaluate the amount of tumor staining for AgNOR, NB84 and synaptophysin; the outcome for our study was survival time until death due to recurrent neuroblastic tumors. RESULTS: Only stage (p<0.01), AgNOR (p<0.01), NB84 (p<0.01) and synaptophysin (p=0.01) reached statistical significance as prognostic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of NB84 and synaptophysin are useful tools for the diagnosis of peripheral neuroblastic tumors The association of the evaluation of AgNOR expression by the tumor cells may provide an important contribution to the prognostic evaluation and management approach of the patients.

OBJETIVO: Estudar a importância dos marcadores NB84 e AgNOR e explorar as relações quantitativas entre esses marcadores com o diagnóstico e prognóstico assim como as relações entre NB84 e AgNOR e outros marcadores tumorais e estromais em 28 tumores neuroblásticos periféricos. MÉTODOS: Examinamos AgNOR, NB84 e sinaptofisina e vários outros marcadores em tecidos tumorais de vinte e oito pacientes com tumors neuroblásticos primários. Tratamento dos pacientes incluiu: cirurgia para o estágio 1, quimioterapia e transplante de medula óssea para a maioria dos pacientes nos estágios 3 e 4. Utilizamos histoquímica, imunohistoquímica e morfometria para avaliar a intensidade e extensão de expressão do AgNOR, NB84 e sinaptofisina, tendo o prognóstico dos pacientes incluído o tempo de sobrevida até a morte por recurrência dos tumores neuroblásticos. RESULTADOS: Estadiamento (p<0.01), AgNOR (p<0.01), NB84 (p<0.01) e sinaptofisina (p=0.01) foram marcadores independents de sobrevida. CONCLUSÕES: A determinação dos marcadores NB84 e sinaptofisina mostrou-se como uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico dos tumors neuroblásticos periféricos; a associação desses marcadores à expressão de AgNOR pelas células tumorais contribuiu à determinação do prognóstico e estabelecimento do protocolo terapêutico para os pacientes.

Influence of primary tumor site on host anti-tumor immunity

Stage IV-S neuroblastoma, characterized by a primary tumor plus disseminated tumors in liver, skin and bone marrow, has a favorable clinical prognosis when compared to metastatic Stage IV neuroblastoma. This favorable outcome also characterized mice receiving tumor transplants to these "IV-S" sites. We report the testing of the hypothesis that enhanced anti-tumor immunity in "IV-S" site neuroblastoma recipients explains this improved survival. A million murine C1300 neuroblastoma cells were inoculated into 256 A/J mice to either "IV-S" sites of skin, liver, peritoneal cavity, or to the disseminated stage "IV" sites of subcutaneous tissue, muscle, kidney and lung. After 21 and 28 days of tumor growth, spleen cells from tumor bearing mice were harvested and analyzed by a 51 Cr release lymphocytotoxicity assay. Cytotoxic T cell activity was consistently higher at day 28 than day 21. In the liver and in the peritoneal cavity, cytotoxic T cell activity was higher than in other organs, and at day 28 these values were significantly higher than Stage "IV" sites. On the other hand, skin is not a immunologically privileged site in vivo study.