O custo da neurocirurgia no Sistema Único de Saúde no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto / The cost of neurosurgery in Public Health System in Hospital Base of São Jose do Rio Preto

Objetivo: Estudar a gestão financeira da neurocirurgia no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto. Métodos: Foram avaliados 246 AIH (Autorizações de Internações Hospitalares) dos pacientes internados no Hospital de base no período de dezembro de 2012 a junho de 2013, sendo catalogados o gasto total do paciente durante a internação, idade, dias de internação, local de origem, nome completo e registro hospitalar, e comparados os valores com os valores pagos pelo SUS de acordo com a legislação em atividade. Resultados: O total de gasto do hospital nas cirurgias eletivas foi de R$ 718.036,70, e o valor pago pelo SUS foi de R$ 321.607,45, evidenciando um déficit de R$ 395.329,17. Em contrapartida, o gasto pelo hospital nas cirurgias de urgência foi de R$ 707.698,28 e o valor pago pelo SUS, de R$ 199.599,94, evidenciando um déficit de R$ 508.098,34. Conclusão: A tabela de distribuição financeira de acordo com os procedimentos do SUS encontra-se desatualizada, principalmente nas subespecialidades que utilizam materiais, por exemplo, a neurocirurgia vascular e de coluna. Além disso, o valor pago pelo SUS nas cirurgias de trauma encontra-se, sobremaneira, inferior ao valor gasto pela instituição, necessitando, assim, de revisão dos gastos e reestudo dos valores pagos pelos procedimentos.

Objective: Study the financial management of neurosurgery in the Brazilian Unified Health System in Base Hospital of São Jose do Rio Preto. Methods: 246 AIH (Permits to Hospitalization) of patients at the Hospital of the base in a period of December 2012 to June 2013, being cataloged the total expense of the patient during hospitalization, age, length of stay, place of origin, full name and hospital and compared the values with the amounts paid by SUS according to the legislation in activity. Results: The total expense for the Hospital in elective surgery was R$ 718,036.70 and the amount paid by SUS was R$ 321,607.45 showing a deficit of R$ 395,329.17. In return for spending hospital in emergency surgery was R$ 707,698.28 and the amount paid by SUS R$ 199,599.94, showing a deficit of R$ 508,098.34. Conclusion: The financial distribution table according to the procedures SUS is outdated, particularly in sub-specialties that use materials such as neurosurgery and vascular column furthermore sustained by the amount paid in surgical trauma is, greatly lower than the amount spent by the institution, thus requiring spending review and restudy of the amounts paid by the procedures.

Evaluación comparativa de efectividad y costo/efectividad en terapias alternativas para algunas lesiones vasculares encefálicas: experiencia del autor y revisión de la literatura / Comparative assessment of effectiveness and cost/effectiveness in alternative therapies to vascular encephalic lesions: author experience and review

Las patologías vasculares encefálicas quirúrgicas (aneurismas, malformaciones arterio venosas) han experimentado uno de los avances más importantes dentro de la medicina en las últimas décadas en materias de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Técnicas de introducción relativamente reciente y contemporánea, como la micro neurocirugía, la terapia endovascular encefálica y la radiocirugía, lograron mejorar en magnitudes las posibilidades de diagnóstico y los resultados de los tratamiento en estas lesiones. En este contexto parece de suma importancia definir el rol que juega cada uno de estos tratamientos en el manejo de la patología; así como la participación de los profesionales involucrados en la toma de decisiones muchas veces complejas y no exentas de controversia. El análisis de los resultados clínicos, la efectividad y la relación costo/efectividad son fundamentales para tener claridad en nuestro enfrentamiento como neurocirujanos tratantes. Este análisis debe interpretar la experiencia internacional en estas materias y a la vez revisar la experiencia local, hecho de suma importancia, que muchas veces dejamos rezagado en nuestro medio. Este estudio revisa los tópicos mencionados, incluyendo la experiencia del autor y un análisis exhaustivo de la bibliografía universal. Los resultados y las conclusiones podrán servir como herramienta a la hora de buscar referentes locales y foráneos que avalen con solidez nuestras conductas diagnósticas y terapéuticas.

Surgical vascular brain diseases (aneurysms, arterio venous malformations) have experienced one of the most important advances in medicine in the last decades related, to diagnosis and treatment. Recently and contemporary developed techniques, like micro neurosurgery, endovascular therapy and radiosurgery, have remarkably improved the diagnostic possibilities and the treatment outcomes in this lesions. In this context, it seems to be of the most importance to define the part that each treatment plays in the management of these diseases; and the participation of the professionals linked to the decision making in issues frequently complex and controversial. The analysis of clinical outcomes, the effectiveness and the cost/effectiveness ratio are basic to be clear in our approaches like neurosurgeons. This article reviews the international literature in these topics and, at the same time, the local experience, a fact of enormous importance that we use to left behind. The previously mentioned issues are reviewed, including the author's own experience and an exhaustive bibliographic analysis. Some of the results and conclusions included article should be useful tools when searching for local and foreign references to endorse with strength our diagnostic and therapeutic behaviour.

Implantação do sistema de procedimentos de alta complexidade em neurocirurgia: resultados / Implementation of high complexity service in a city hospital of metropolitan region of Porto Alegre city, Brazil

Objetivo: Demonstrar a maneira como foi implementado o Serviço de Alta Complexidade em Neurocirurgia num município da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e seus resultados benéficos à população, aos neurocirurgiões e à Instituição Hospitalar. Material e método: São demonstrados os argumentos que o grupo de neurocirurgiões adotou para convencer a direção do Hospital Municipal de Novo Hamburgo(HMNH) a investir na especialidade antes mesmo de ter noção real das vantagens e dos lucros que adviriam. Resultados: Foi constatado que havia uma evasão mensal de aproximadamente 30 pacientes dos municípios que compunham a região para outro centro de referência (“Hospital Referência”). Essa evasão propiciaria um rendimento em torno de R$ 57 mil. Foi demonstrado que o “Hospital Referência” havia saltado de um faturamento de pouco mais de R$ 100 mil para aproximadamente R$ 500 mil após a implantação do Sipac-Neuro, e que a média de valores das autorizações de internações hospitalares(AIH) desse hospital era de R$ 1.056,12 contra R$ 382,84 do HMNH. A seguir, descrevem-se os passos que foram necessários para o credenciamento junto ao Ministério da Saúde, a implantação do serviço e os futuros investimentos que se pretende realizar em função dos novos aportes financeiros proporcionados pela Alta Complexidade. Os resultados financeiros iniciais após o credenciamento foram significativos. Conclusão: A organização e demonstração real, com exemplos de outras instituições,são instrumentos úteis e facilitadores para o convencimento das direções de hospitais que ainda são céticos quanto às vantagens proporcionadas pelo Sipac-Neuro.Administração hospitalar.

Objective: To present how a High Complexity Neurosurgical Service (accredited by the Ministry of Health denominated Sipac – Neuro) was implemented in a public hospital of the metropolitan region of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Material and method: The arguments used by the group of neurosurgeons that convinced the direction of the Hospital Municipal de Novo Hamburgo (HMNH) to invest on neurosurgery, before knowing the advantages and profit that would be generated is presented. Result: It was verified that there was an monthly evasion rate of approximately 30 patients from the regions covered by HMNH to other reference center (“Reference” hospital) during the year of 2001. This evasion would have yielded around R$ 57,000. It was demonstrated that the “Reference” hospital leaped from an income of around R$100,000 to around R$ 500,000 after the implementation of the Sipac-Neuro and that the average cost of Authorization for Hospitalization (AIH) at that hospital was R$ 1,056.12 compared to R$ 382.84at HMNH. The method of accreditation with the Ministry of Health is described here in, as well as the implementation of the Service and the future investments that are to be made as a result of the new financial resources as a result of this accreditation for high complexity. Conclusion: It is concluded that the organization and actual demonstration by means of the examples of other institutions is a useful and helpful tool to convince hospital administrations who remain skeptical as to the advantages obtained with a Sipac-Neuro.

Economics of head injuries.

Head injuries account for significant proportion of neurosurgical admissions and bed occupancy. Patients with head injuries also consume significant proportions of neurosurgical resources. A prospective 6-month study has been carried out to evaluate the expenditure incurred on head injury patients in a modern neurosurgical center equipped with state of the art infrastructure. Costing areas included wages / salaries of health care personnel, cost of medicines / surgical items / crystalloids, general store items, stationary, all investigation charges, equipment cost, overhead building cost, maintenance cost, electricity and water charges and cost of medical gases, air conditioning and operation theatre expenses. Expenditure in each area was calculated and apportioned to each bed. The statistical analysis was done using X2 test. The cost of stay in ward was found to be Rs. 1062 / bed / day and in neurosurgical ICU Rs. 3082 / bed / day. The operation theatre cost for each surgery was Rs. 11948. The cost of hospital stay per day for minor, moderate and severe head injury group was found to be Rs. 1921, Rs. 2569 and Rs. 2713 respectively. The patients who developed complications, the cost of stay per day in the hospital were Rs. 2867. In the operative group, the cost of hospital stay per day was Rs. 3804. The total expenditure in minor head injury was Rs. 7800 per patient, in moderate head injury was Rs. 22172 per patient, whereas in severe head injury, it was found to be Rs. 32852 per patient. Patients who underwent surgery, the total cost incurred was Rs. 33100 per operated patient.

Neurological and neurosurgical referrals overseas from the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados, 1987-1996

This paper reports on neurological and neurosurgical referrals overseas from the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) for the period November 1987 to November 1996, and is a follow up to an earlier report for the period January 1984 to November 1987. It outlines the pattern of referral, diagnoses, referral centres and costs based on examination of the files of all QEH patients transferred overseas under a government aided scheme. There were 203 transfers of 191 patients (69 males, 122 females) including 10 patients who were transferred twice and one patient who was transferred three times. Patients' ages ranged from 1 to 80 years (mean 37 years). Twenty overseas centres were used during the period but most patients were transferred to Brooklyn Hospital, New York in 1988, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, between 1989 and 1994, and Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Venezuela (1992 to 1996). 65of the referrals were for neurosurgery and 25were for magnetic resonance imaging scans for diagnosis. The largest diagnostic categories were central nervous system tumors (40) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (25). Estimated costs reached almost BDS$11 million, but the mean actual cost was BDS$63,916 based on information from 123 patient transfers. Thus, the actual total government expenditure was probably closer to BDS$13 million. This study demonstrates the urgent need to establish a neurosurgical service at the QEH and the cost effectiveness of doing so.