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1.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 35(3): 91-96, sept. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1401177

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años han surgido algunas investigaciones y guías de práctica clínica relacionadas con el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias, que aportaron nuevos conocimientos (y controversias) sobre dicha problemática. En este resumen se describen, en primer lugar, las características de las "nuevas guías" norteamericanas para el manejo del colesterol publicadas a fines de 2013 y se comparan con las recomendaciones tradicionales. En segundo lugar, se analizan los últimos estudios que evaluaron el impacto cardiovascular de otros fármacos hipolipemiantes (ezetimibe y ácido nicotínico) en pacientes en prevención secundaria tratados con estatinas. Finalmente, se mencionan las nuevas drogas hipolipemiantes desarrolladas en los últimos años, como el lomitapide, el mipomersen y los inhibidores de la PCSK9, y se comentan el mecanismo de acción, su eficacia, sus efectos colaterales y los escenarios clínicos en donde podrían utilizarse. (AU)


In recent years, some research and clinical practice guidelines related to the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia, which provided new knowledge (and controversy) about this problem have emerged. In this review, the characteristics of the American "new guidelines" for cholesterol management published by the end of 2013 are described, and they are compared with the traditional recommendations. In addition, recent studies assessing the cardiovascular impact of other lipid-lowering drugs (ezetimibe and nicotinic acid) in patients in secondary prevention treated with statins are analyzed. Finally, new hypolipidemic drugs developed in recent years are mentioned (lomitapide, mipomersen and PCSK9 inhibitors), discussing the mechanism of action, efficacy, side effects and clinical settings where they could be used. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Ezetimibe/therapeutic use , PCSK9 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Niacin/therapeutic use , Benzimidazoles/adverse effects , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Cholesterol/blood , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Dyslipidemias/diagnosis , Ezetimibe/adverse effects , Ezetimibe/pharmacology , PCSK9 Inhibitors/adverse effects , PCSK9 Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hypercholesterolemia/diagnosis , Hypolipidemic Agents/adverse effects , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Niacin/adverse effects , Niacin/pharmacology
2.
An. bras. dermatol ; 90(2): 265-267, Mar-Apr/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741067

ABSTRACT

A sixty-one year old white female was referred to the Dermatology Department to treat an ingrown nail in the inner corner of the left hallux. Examination of the entire nail unit showed the presence of xanthonychia in the outer corner besides thickening and increase in the transverse curvature of the nail plate. Dermoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance of the free edge of the nail plate detected characteristic signs of onychomatricoma, a diagnosis that was later confirmed by anatomopathological exam.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Fibric Acids/therapeutic use , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Niacin/therapeutic use , Coronary Disease/blood , Coronary Disease/mortality , Coronary Disease/prevention & control , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Oxazolidinones/therapeutic use , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Stroke/blood , Stroke/mortality , Stroke/prevention & control , Sulfhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use
3.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-655388

ABSTRACT

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Supplements containing the vitamins niacin (B3) and pyridoxine (B6) can promote the reduction of total cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol. In this study, the effects of diets supplemented with niacin (B3) and pyridoxine (B6) on the hepatic and serum lipid profiles of Wistar rats were assessed. The diets were prepared with combinations of three concentrations of niacin (3, 4 and 5 g/kg) and pyridoxine (6, 12 and 18 mg/kg) and one with neither vitamin. The animals were divided into eleven experimental groups of six animals per group, and nine groups were fed on a standard diet with 7.5% fat and vitamin supplementation. Another group was fed with 7.5% fat without vitamin supplements. A control group received the standard diet (AIN-93M) without modifications (4% fat). The weight gain, food intake, serum and hepatic total cholesterol, serum cholesterol fractions (HDL, LDL, and VLDL), serum and hepatic triacylglycerols and hepatic and fecal lipid contents were measured after 30 days. The diet with the highest concentration of niacin and lowest concentration of pyridoxine had the lowest level of total hepatic cholesterol. Hepatic triacylglycerols were reduced by the highest concentration of niacin (5 g/kg), and this reduction was enhanced by increasing the pyridoxine concentration. The diets supplemented with niacin and pyridoxine reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triacylglycerols and hepatic lipids. These effects on the lipid profile varied with the concentrations of the two vitamins and the interactions between them.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, HDL , Niacin/therapeutic use , Pyridoxine/therapeutic use , Rats, Wistar
4.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 22(2): 246-248, jun. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-684768

ABSTRACT

Mulher, 54 anos, procurou atenção básica em município de Minas Gerais com queixa de lesões descamativas e pruriginosas em área de exposição solar, há cerca de 2 meses. Essa é a segunda vez que manifesta estes sinais e não sabe precisar há quanto tempo ocorreu o primeiro episódio. Relata que no intervalo entre eles não apresentou qualquer tipo de lesão cutânea. A paciente é alcoolista, tabagista, hipertensa e não faz uso de medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pellagra/diagnosis , Pellagra/etiology , Pellagra/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Niacin/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 54(4): 369-376, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-489623

ABSTRACT

Após atingir as metas para os níveis de LDL-colesterol, é imperativo alcançar a meta do HDL-colesterol, por suas conhecidas propriedades antiaterogênicas confirmadas amplamente em muitos estudos epidemiológicos. Esta revisão analisa de maneira objetiva e concisa as diversas alternativas disponíveis na prática clínica diária para aumentar os níveis de HDL-colesterol em nosoos pacientes, com o objetivo de alcançar melhores prognósticos em termos de morbimortalidade cardiovascular.


After having reached the objective for the LDL cholesterol levels, it becomes imperative to reach the objective for HDL cholesterol, known for its anti-atherogenic properties, generally confirmed in many epidemiological studies. This review deals, in a clear and concise manner, with the different alternatives available in daily clinical practice to raise the HDL cholesterol levels of patients, to achieve better outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Exercise , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Niacin/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Pyrazoles/therapeutic use , Risk Factors , Smoking/adverse effects , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
6.
Prensa méd. argent ; 95(2): 96-106, abr. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-497661

ABSTRACT

La hiperlipidemia por lipoproteína a -LDL más apo a- es un factor de riesgo vascular aterotrombótico, familiar, independiente y poderoso, llamativamente desconsiderado. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo su mejor diagnóstico y tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apolipoproteins A/genetics , Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism , Cholesterol, LDL/genetics , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Lipoprotein(a) , Lysine/pharmacology , Niacin/therapeutic use , Proline/pharmacology
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 50(2): 344-359, abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435162

ABSTRACT

Hiperlipidemia combinada familiar (HCF) é a forma mais comum de hiperlipidemia familial e se caracteriza por resistência à insulina, níveis baixos de HDL-C, níveis altos de triglicérides (TGC) e colesterol total associados a vários fenótipos dentro da mesma família. HCF associa-se, também, a um alto risco cardiovascular (RCV), e os níveis-alvo de tratamento das anormalidades lipídicas têm se modificado recentemente. Reduzir os níveis de LDL-C e não HDL-C devem ser os alvos da terapia. Níveis de LDL-C abaixo de 70 mg/dl têm se mostrado benéficos na RCV em pacientes de alto risco. Várias estatinas com diferentes potências e interações medicamentosas estão disponíveis no mercado. A terapia combinada de estatinas com seqüestradores de ácidos biliares ou ezetimiba pode ser necessária para se alcançar os valores-alvo de LDL-C estabelecidos pelas diretrizes. Níveis altos de TGC e baixos de HDL-C devem ser também considerados no tratamento, e freqüentemente somente o uso das estatinas se mostra insuficiente para normalizá-los. A combinação de estatinas com fibratos pode auxiliar para reduzir os níveis de colesterol e aumentar os de HDL-C, mas está associada à maior freqüência de miopatia e toxicidade hepática. Assim, a avaliação cuidadosa dos riscos e benefícios da terapia é recomendável. A associação de estatina e niacina parece ser útil para pacientes com HCF, particularmente por aumentar os níveis de HDL-C, uma vez que tem sido menos relacionada à alta freqüência de miopatia. A niacina pode ser causa de flushings que podem ser reduzidos com o uso de aspirina. O efeito pode também ser minimizado com o uso de formas de liberação lenta (Niaspan). A niacina pode também elevar os níveis de glicemia e ácido úrico. Assim, os riscos e benefícios da associação devem ser avaliados.


Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is a frequent familial lipid disorder associated with insulin resistance, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides and cholesterol levels with variable phenotypes within the same family. FCH is linked to a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. Treatment goals for lipid abnormalities are changing in recent years. Lowering elevated levels of LDL e Non HDL-cholesterol levels are primary targets of therapy. Lower LDL-C than 70 mg/dL seems to be useful to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with very high risk. Many statins are available, with different potencies and drug interactions. Combination therapy of statins and bile acid sequestrants or ezitimibe may be necessary to further decrease LDL cholesterol levels in order to meet guideline goals. High triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol are also important goals in the treatment of these patients, and frequently statins alone are insufficient to normalize the lipid profile. Combination therapy with fibrates will further lower triglycerides and increase HDL cholesterol levels; this combination is also associated with higher incidence of myopathy and liver toxicity; appropriate evaluation of patients' risk and benefits is necessary. Association of statin/niacin seems be very useful in patients with FCH, especially as niacin is the best drug to increase HDL cholesterol; this association is not linked to a higher frequency of myopathy. Niacin causes flushing, that can in part be managed with use of aspirin and extended release forms (Niaspan); niacin also may increase plasma glucose and uric acid levels. Evaluation of risks and benefits for each patient is needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Azetidines/therapeutic use , Cholesterol, HDL , Clofibric Acid/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Lipids/blood , Niacin/therapeutic use
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 85(supl.5): 36-41, out. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-418874

ABSTRACT

A combinação de estatinas com niacina se apresenta como uma atraente associação, na presença de dislipidemia mista com níveis de HDL baixo, quando monoterapia é insuficiente para o alcance das metas lipídicas. Benefícios clínicos foram observados com a combinação de estatinas com niacina nos estudos FATS, HATS e ARBITER 2, mostrando atenuação no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose e/ou redução de eventos coronários, acompanhados de alterações lipídicas favoráveis. Em geral, esta combinação é bem tolerada. Recomenda-se monitoração adequada das enzimas hepáticas e muscular e, ainda, titulação cuidadosa de cada uma das drogas combinadas.


Subject(s)
Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/metabolism , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Niacin/therapeutic use , Atherosclerosis/drug therapy , Atherosclerosis/metabolism , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Dyslipidemias/metabolism , Age Distribution , Sex Factors , Drug Interactions , Niacin/adverse effects , Niacin/metabolism , Pyrroles/adverse effects , Pyrroles/metabolism , Pyrroles/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Simvastatin/adverse effects , Simvastatin/metabolism , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Heptanoic Acids/adverse effects , Heptanoic Acids/metabolism , Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use
9.
São Paulo; s.n; 2004. [122] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-397818

ABSTRACT

Cerca de 35 per cent dos coronariopatas não têm fatores de risco convencionais. Estudamos o HDL-C baixo e sua relação com a função endotelial utilizando ultra-som de alta resolução para avaliação da dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF) da a. braquial e o clearence de quilomícrons artificiais(CQA). / Almost 35 per cen of CAD patients do not have conventional risk factors. We have studied the low HDL-C and its relationship with the endothelial function using high resolution ultra-sound to evaluate the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and the chylomicron-like emulsion clearence...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure , Lipoproteins, HDL/analysis , Chylomicrons/analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Niacin/therapeutic use
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(2): 177-182, Feb. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-281595

ABSTRACT

Etofibrate is a hybrid drug which combines niacin with clofibrate. After contact with plasma hydrolases, both constituents are gradually released in a controlled-release manner. In this study, we compared the effects of etofibrate and controlled-release niacin on lipid profile and plasma lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels of patients with triglyceride levels of 200 to 400 mg/dl, total cholesterol above 240 mg/dl and Lp(a) above 40 mg/dl. These patients were randomly assigned to a double-blind 16-week treatment period with etofibrate (500 mg twice daily, N = 14) or niacin (500 mg twice daily, N = 11). In both treatment groups total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides were equally reduced and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased. Etofibrate, but not niacin, reduced Lp(a) by 26 percent and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 23 percent. The hybrid compound etofibrate produced a more effective reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol and Lp(a) levels than controlled-release niacin in type IIb dyslipidemic subjects


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Clofibric Acid/analogs & derivatives , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Lipids/blood , Lipoprotein(a)/drug effects , Niacin/therapeutic use , Analysis of Variance , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/drug effects , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Cholesterol, VLDL/blood , Cholesterol, VLDL/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Lipoprotein(a)/blood , Statistics, Nonparametric , Triglycerides/blood
14.
Arch. Inst. Cardiol. Méx ; 70(4): 367-76, jul.-ago. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-280423

ABSTRACT

Los estudios de prevención primaria y secundaria han demostrado que la niacina mejora el perfil de lípidos y reduce la morbimortalidad coronaria. Objetivo: Investigar la eficacia y seguridad de la niacina en dosis de 1.5 y 3.0 g al día en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica y dislipidemia. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 61 pacientes de ambos sexos y con edades de 30 a 70 años. Se eliminaron 32 pacientes: 18 por reacciones adversas y 14 por motivos no relacionados con el fármaco. Resultados: En los 29 pacientes que terminaron el estudio, la niacina produjo reducciones significativas, dependientes de dosis, en las concentraciones de colesterol total, C-LDL, triglicéridos, apolipoproteína B y la relación C-LDL/CHDL y aumentó de manera significativa el nivel de C-HDL. La lipoproteína(a) disminuyó con ambas dosis, pero sólo alcanzó significado estadístico con la dosis de 3.0 g. En once pacientes (38 por ciento), las variables del perfil lipoproteico alcanzaron los valores ideales, y en 15 pacientes (52 por ciento), la relación C-LDL/C-HDL fue menor o igual a 3.5 al final del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la niacina es tolerada por el 62 por ciento de los pacientes; por tanto, constituye una alternativa terapéutica efectiva y de bajo costo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy , Niacin/therapeutic use , Coronary Disease/drug therapy , Lipids/analysis
18.
Rev. costarric. cienc. méd ; 11(1): 61-8, mar. 1990.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-107657

ABSTRACT

Las dislipoproteinemias son condiciones de diversa etiología y pueden ser secundarias a alguna enfermedad o trastornos primarios del metabolismo de las lipoproteínas. El tratamiento de las dislipoproteinemias se basa en identificar la causa y establecer un tratamiento específico. El tratamiento nutricional constituye un elemento fundamental en el manejo de estas enfermedades y debe de ser permanente. La intervención farmacológica se introduce cuando no se logra normalizar el perfil de lípidos y lipoproteínas, a pesar de que el paciente mantenga un buen control dietético. Este informe presenta los criterios para iniciar la terapía hipolipemiante; se discuten las indicaciones, efectos secundarios y dosificación de los principales agentes hipollipemiantes de uso actual.


Subject(s)
Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV , Lipoproteins , Cholestyramine Resin/therapeutic use , Colestipol/therapeutic use , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Lovastatin/therapeutic use , Niacin/therapeutic use , Probucol/therapeutic use
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