ABSTRACT
A 2(1/2)-year-old child presented with multiple discrete granulomatous lesions on the face and flexural regions since the age of 2 months along with lymphadenopathy. The patient also had recurrent bouts of pyodermas and respiratory tract infections. Biopsy of the lesion showed necrosis of tissue with suppuration and histiocytes but no evidence of tuberculosis, fungal infections or atypical mycobacteria. Lymph node biopsy also showed necrosis with suppuration but no infective organism. Nitroblue tetrazolium test was negative indicating that the neutrophils failed to oxidize the dye. We are reporting here a rare case of chronic granulomatous disease.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/congenital , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/diagnosis , Rare Diseases , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The prevalence of malaria parasitemia, bacteremia, certain hematological parameters, leucocyte migration index and nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction were determined in 147 Nigerian children (4.24+/-2.88 years of age). Sixty (40.8%), 28(19.1%) and 26(17.7%) had malaria parasitemia only, bacteremia only and both malaria parasitemia and bacteremia, respectively. Four genera of bacteria, i.e E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus and Salmonella, were detected in subjects with both malaria parasitemia and bacteremia. The 4 bacterial genera and Klebsiella were detected in subjects with bacterial infection only. P. falciparum (68%), P. malariae (25%) and P. ovale (7%) were the species of malaria parasites identified in our subjects. Bacteremia was most prevalent in subjects with hemoglobin AA (HbAA) (60.7%) followed by HbAC (21.45%). Packed cell volume (PCV) and Hb concentration were similar in all groups but mean counts of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were statistically significantly lower in subjects with malaria parasites only compared to the controls. Leucocyte migration was significantly reduced in children with bacteremia only or both malaria parasitemia and bacteremia compared to controls, while the nitroblue tetrazolium assay was significantly reduced in children with bacteremia only. It may be concluded that malaria parasitemia significantly affects both leucocyte migration and nitroblue tetrazolium assay.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Cell Movement , Child, Preschool , Female , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Humans , Indicators and Reagents , Infant , Leukocytes , Malaria/immunology , Male , Nigeria , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/diagnosis , Parasitemia/immunologyABSTRACT
The effect of subacute cold swimming stress on the immune system of albino rats was investigated. Subacute cold stressed animals showed an increase in total WBC count, eosinophils and basophils. Phagocytic index and avidity index were also increased indicating hyperactive phagocytic process. On the other hand NBT reduction and soluble immune complex levels decreased significantly in stressed animals. There were no significant changes in the weight of the lymphoid organs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antigen-Antibody Complex/analysis , Cold Temperature , Female , Leukocyte Count , Male , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/diagnosis , Organ Size , Oxidation-Reduction , Phagocytosis , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Stress, Physiological/immunologyABSTRACT
Two Chinese families with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are reported. The first case was an 11-month-old male baby and the second a 2-month-old male baby. Both patients presented with persistent infections caused by Staphylococcus and Candida since birth. Neutrophil functions were studied in patients and a number of family members. Chemotaxis and phagocytosis were normal in every subject. Slide and spectrophotometric nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) tests of both patients were abnormal and remained unchanged in spite of treatment with ascorbic acid, levamisole, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and isoniazide. Mothers were proved to be carriers as evidenced by the presence of both normal and CGD phagocytes in the slide NBT test. During the 2-month follow-up period, the percentage of normal phagocytes from the mother of case 1 varied from 12% to 73%, which correlated with the fluctuation of spectrophotometric NBT value. The slide NBT test of the mother of case 2 was nearly normal in face of the presence of CGD phagocytes. Both carrier mothers were healthy and asymptomatic.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Bactericidal Activity , China , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/complications , Humans , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Infant , Infections/drug therapy , Isoniazid/pharmacology , Male , Neutrophils/immunology , Nitroblue Tetrazolium/diagnosis , PhagocytosisABSTRACT
The quest for the search of rapid, cheap, easy to perform and highly sensitive and specific tests has resulted into the introduction and application of various new tests for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Most of these tests are based on immunological principles, viz. counter-immunoelectrophoresis, latex agglutination test, co-agglutination, radio-immunoassay, haemagglutination inhibition as well as study of immune profile of cerebrospinal fluid. Apart from these certain non-immunological tests viz. Limulus amoebecyte lysate test, gas liquid chromatography, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test have also been evaluated to make the laboratory diagnosis of this important clinical entity rapid and more reliable. These tests have been discussed and their current status presented.