[Psychological reaction of nurses to the context in ethical decision making]

Ethical decision making is an essential element in nursing practice. There are various contextual factors which can result in ethical conflicts that demand the nurse's abilities to recognize moral dilemmas and make appropriate moral decisions. The aim of this article is description of psychological reactions of nurses to the context in ethical decision making in patients care. The present study was conducted by grounded theory method. Participants were 17 Iranian employed nurses. Semi-structured, unstructured and in-depth interview were used for data gathering. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded according to Strauss and Corbin method in coding and constant comparative analysis. Job stress and moral distress were identified as a major reaction of nurses to the context in ethical decision making. Satisfaction vs. dissatisfaction, increasing motivation vs. decreasing motivation, happiness vs. fatigue and impatience, hopefully vs. demoralization, worthiness sense vs. unworthiness sense, adaptation and sensitivity vs. be habitual and apathy were other psychological reactions of nurses to the context in ethical decision making. According to the nurses ethical decision making context which include nurse individual and job characteristics, patient and his/her family characteristics, physician characteristics, and structural and nursing management constraints are influence factors in their psychological reactions. Thus, it is necessary that the nurses consider the context in their own psychological reactions. Also, structural involving agents and nursing managers must be attempt to reform and improve the context especially structural conditions

Assessment of nursing training programs

A descriptive study was conducted and carried out for the period of June 1st 2004 through December 20th 2004. Is using the assessment as an approach for identification of the nursing training program's needs. Non-probability [purposive] sample of [50] trainers and [150] trainees which were drawn out of the early stated training centers in Baghdad city. For the purpose of data collection, an assessment tool was designed that contained [126] items, content demographic characteristics and assessment of nursing training programs from trainers and trainees' point of view. A pilot study was conducted for the determination of the reliability and the content validity of the assessment tool. The data were collected through the use of the assessment tool and the application of the structured interview technique. The data were analyzed through the use of descriptive statistical data analysis approach [frequency and percentage] and inferential statistical data analysis approach [mean of scores, chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient procedure]. Study revealed that there was a significant relationship and association of the training programs' needs with respect to the trainers and trainees points of view, and the majority of the trainers were young adult males and college of nursing graduated, the majority of the trainees were young adult male also and high institutes graduated. The investigator recommended by, periodic follow-up, monitoring and evaluation for training programs, establishment of training resources center for training supplies, training oriented library can be established in each center of training, all training resources should be sufficiently available with wide-range resources particularly the financial ones, establishment of curriculum construction committees and periodically distributed training publications that increase nurses awareness towards training

La atención de enfermería y sus posibles implicaciones emocionales en el personal

Presenta los elementos de juicio sobre las variadas situaciónde sobre carga emocional que se presenta en el ejercicios de la profesion de enfermería y el ambiente laboral en que se desenvuelve . Además contiene cuandro estadistico de los encuestado