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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet ; 26(1): 159-168, jan. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153761

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objeto analizar la crisis de la atención residencial en España en el contexto de la Covid-19 y su impacto en una elevada mortalidad y el abandono de la población usuaria. Se analizan sus causas inmediatas, mediatas y estructurales. De manera específica se analiza la precariedad en el empleo en las residencias a lo largo de la pasada década como una de las principales causas explicativas de la crisis estructural de las residencias. El enfoque teórico de análisis es el modelo de atención integral y centrada en la persona (AICP) basado en la autonomía de las personas y en la centralidad de sus derechos. La metodología combina el análisis cuantitativo en lo referente al empleo junto con una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de documentos y debates. El artículo concluye proponiendo una reforma integral de los cuidados de larga duración que incluya tanto un cambio en la atención residencial bajo la forma de pequeñas unidades de convivencia, como un reforzamiento de la atención en el domicilio y la comunidad en cuanto preferencia creciente la población mayor. La combinación óptima de la atención residencial y domiciliaria es la propuesta básica de este trabajo.


Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze the residential care crisis in Spain in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on high mortality and abandonment of the user population. The direct, indirect and structural causes are analyzed. Specifically, precarious employment in residences over the past decade was analyzed as one of the main explanatory causes of the structural crisis of nursing homes. The theoretical focus of analysis is the comprehensive and person-centered care (CPCC) model based on the autonomy of people and the centrality of their rights. The methodology combines a quantitative analysis of employment and a qualitative analysis of documents and debates. The study concludes by proposing a comprehensive reform of long-term care that includes both a change in residential care in the form of small cohabitation units and reinforcement of care in the home and the community as a growing preference for the elderly population. An optimal combination of residential and home care is the basic proposal of this work.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Homes for the Aged/legislation & jurisprudence , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Homes for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Homes/legislation & jurisprudence , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Age Distribution , Patient-Centered Care , Qualitative Research , Employment , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration
2.
ABCS health sci ; 45: e020017, 02 jun 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1123697

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: With the aging of the population, the demand for Homes for the Aged (HFAs) grows. OBJECTIVE: To analyze resources and population of HFAs and to check the fulfillment of the criteria from the national regulations. METHODS: Descriptive quantitative study including 11 philanthropic HFAs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to the responsible for the facility. RESULTS: The study comprised 318 workers and 522 elders. HFAs presented: some accommodations without private bathrooms (100%); external area and administrative office (72.7%); cafeteria and support room (54.5%); ecumenical room (36.4%); rooms with more than four beds (45.5%). The prevailing reasons for admission were brought by family member (69.2%); social vulnerability (36.4%). Death was the main reason for leaving the facility. The average age of elders was 76.8 years, 58.4% were women. The dependence grade was I for 31.1%; II for 33.9%; and III for 35%. Leisure and cultural activities occurred in 72.7% of HFAs. In 27.3% there were records of visits. Only 9.1% had cooperation from families. Available human resources were nurses (72.7%); physicians and nursing assistants (63.3%); physical therapists (45.5%); psychologists (36.4%); caregivers (27.3%); occupational therapists (9.1%). In 63.3% of facilities, workers carried out mixed activities. The costs were covered by retirement pensions, partnerships, and donations. The main obstacles were financial resources or dependence on donations and rigorous health surveillance or compliance with standards. CONCLUSION: The HFAs partially fulfill the national criteria, impairing the quality of care provided to elders.


INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento do envelhecimento, cresce a procura por Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (HFAs). OBJETIVO: Analisar recursos e população de HFAs, verificando-se o cumprimento dos critérios da RDC nº 283/2005 da Anvisa. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa com 11 HFAs filantrópicas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário aplicado ao responsável pela unidade. RESULTADOS: O estudo envolveu 318 trabalhadores e 522 idosos. As HFAs apresentaram: alguns quartos sem banheiro (100%); área externa e sala administrativa (72,7%); refeitório e sala de apoio (54,5%); sala ecumênica (36,4%); quartos com mais de quatro leitos (45,5%). As razões de admissão prevalentes foram: idosos trazidos por familiares (69,2%) e vulnerabilidade social (36,4%). A morte foi a principal razão de saída. A idade média dos idosos foi 76,8 anos e 58,4% eram mulheres. O grau de dependência foi I para 31.1%; II para 33,9% e III para 35%. Atividades de lazer e cultura ocorrem em 72,7% das HFAs. Em 27,3% há registro de visitas. Somente 9,1% atuam junto às famílias. Os recursos humanos disponíveis foram enfermeiro (72,7%), médico e técnico de enfermagem (63,3%), fisioterapeuta (45,5%), psicólogo (36,4%) e cuidador (27,3%). Em 63,3% das unidades, trabalhadores realizam atividades mistas. Os custos são cobertos por aposentadorias, parcerias e doações. As principais dificuldades foram recursos financeiros ou dependência de doações e rigor da vigilância sanitária ou cumprimento de normas. CONCLUSÃO: As HFAs cumprem parcialmente aos critérios da Resolução, prejudicando a qualidade do atendimento aos idosos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Structure of Services , Health Services for the Aged , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Homes for the Aged/supply & distribution , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/supply & distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Financial Resources in Health , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Health Workforce
3.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 18: eAO5445, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1133774

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and validate nursing diagnoses of elderly residents, and determine their relationship with the level of dependence in activities of daily living. Methods: One hundred thirty-five older adults were assessed using medical history and physical examination. Twelve validated gerontological instruments were administered to assess delirium, nutritional status, risk for falls, risk for pressure injury, dementia, cognitive losses, depression, and level of dependence in daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Nursing diagnoses were identified and validated by experienced, doctorally-prepared nurses. The association between the presence of a nursing diagnosis and the level of dependence was assessed by a test for trend in proportions. The Kruskal-Wallis hypothesis test was used to investigate the association between the number of nursing diagnoses and the level of dependence of the elderly. Results: Most older adults were at risk for malnutrition, at high risk for falls, cognitively impaired, totally dependent for daily living and activities of daily living. In addition, they had very mild dementia and most did not have risk for pressure injuries. Depression was noted among those with dementia, but was absent in those without dementia. A total of 52 nursing diagnoses were validated. Of these, 11 were associated with the level of dependence in daily living. Conclusion: These results can be reproduced in other skilled nursing facilities for older adults, and these may allow the planning of interventions to alleviate etiologies and signs/symptoms of nursing diagnoses, rather than simply directing care toward a general category of dependence. Therefore, guaranteeing individualized nursing care to meet the specific needs of each resident.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e validar diagnósticos de enfermagem em idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência e determinar sua relação com o nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária. Métodos: Foram avaliados 135 idosos por meio de histórico clínico e exame físico. Utilizaram-se 12 instrumentos gerontológicos validados para avaliar delirium, estado nutricional, risco de quedas, risco de lesão por pressão, demência, declínio cognitivo, depressão e nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária e atividades instrumentais da vida diária. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem foram identificados e validados por enfermeiros doutores com expertise clínica. A associação entre a presença de diagnóstico de enfermagem e o nível de dependência foi avaliada por teste de tendência de proporções. A associação entre o número de diagnósticos de enfermagem e o nível de dependência dos idosos foi verificada pelo teste de hipótese de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: A maioria dos idosos apresentou risco de desnutrição, alto risco de quedas, declínio cognitivo, dependência total para atividades da vida diária e atividades instrumentais da vida diária e demência muito leve. A maior parte não apresentou risco de lesões por pressão. A depressão foi verificada entre aqueles com demência, mas estava ausente naqueles sem demência. Foram validados 52 diagnósticos de enfermagem. Destes, 11 foram associados ao nível de dependência para atividades da vida diária. Conclusão: Estes resultados podem ser reproduzidos em outras instalações qualificadas para idosos e permitir o planejamento de intervenções para aliviar etiologias e sinais/sintomas dos diagnósticos de enfermagem, em vez de simplesmente direcionar os cuidados para uma categoria geral de dependência e, assim, garantir cuidados de enfermagem individualizados para atender às necessidades específicas de cada residente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Nursing Diagnosis , Activities of Daily Living , Dementia/diagnosis , Geriatric Nursing/methods , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Malnutrition , Nursing Process
4.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 23(3): e20190036, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1012090

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze the social representations of professionals and managers of long-term care institution for the elderly about the care and the influence of this conception in the practice of caring. Method: This is a qualitative research carried out with twenty-nine professionals and four managers of a long-term institution for the elderly in a city in the interior of São Paulo. The data, collected in two phases through individual interviews and workshops, were analyzed through the techniques of the Collective Subject Discourse and Content Analysis in the thematic modality. Results: About their representations about care, three main ideas were identified for managers: "giving affection"; "Supply basic needs"; and "look broadened." For the professionals, the main ideas were "to help and to give affection"; "Supply needs"; and "extended care". It also identified that the representations of the elderly influence the care practice. Final considerations and implications for the practice: The maintenance of the caregiving vision of the care process and the charitable model of producing health in these institutions are reflections of the representations of the elderly. Thus, it is necessary to review the social roles of the elderly, recognizing them as protagonists of their care process aiming at a better quality of care for this population.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales de los profesionales y gestores de una Institución de Larga Permanencia para ancianos sobre el cuidado y la influencia de esta concepción en la práctica del cuidar. Método: Se trata de una investigación de abordaje cualitativo, realizada con veintinueve profesionales y cuatro gestores de una Institución de Larga permanencia para ancianos de un municipio del interior de San Pablo. Los datos, recolectados en dos etapas por medio de entrevistas individuales y talleres, se analizaron a través de las técnicas del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: Respecto a sus representaciones sobre el cuidado, se identificaron tres ideas centrales para los gestores: "dar afecto", "suplir necesidades básicas", y "tener una mirada amplia". En los profesionales, las ideas centrales fueron: "ayudar y dar afecto", "suplir necesidades", y "cuidado amplio". Además, se pudo observar que las representaciones de los ancianos influencian la práctica del cuidado. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica: El mantenimiento de la visión asistencialista del proceso de cuidado y el modelo caritativo de producir salud en estas instituciones son reflejos de las representaciones del anciano. Así, es necesario revisar los roles sociales de los ancianos, reconociéndolos como protagonistas de su proceso de cuidado, buscando mejorar la calidad en la asistencia de esta población.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais dos profissionais e gestores de instituição de longa permanência para idosos sobre o cuidado e a influência dessa concepção na prática do cuidar. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa realizada com vinte e nove profissionais e quatro gestores de uma Instituição de Longa permanência para idosos de um município do interior de São Paulo. Os dados, coletados em duas fases por meio de entrevistas individuais e oficinas, foram analisados pelas técnicas do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Resultados: Acerca de suas representações sobre o cuidado, identificaram-se três ideias centrais para os gestores: "dar afeto"; "suprir necessidades básicas"; e "ter olhar ampliado". Dos profissionais, as ideias centrais foram "ajudar e dar afeto"; "suprir necessidades"; e "cuidado ampliado". Identificou-se, ainda, que as representações dos idosos influenciam a prática do cuidado. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática: A manutenção da visão assistencialista do processo de cuidado e o modelo caritativo de se produzir saúde nessas instituições são reflexos das representações do idoso. Assim, faz-se necessário rever os papéis sociais dos idosos, reconhecendo-os como protagonistas de seu processo de cuidado, visando à melhor qualidade na assistência dessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Health Personnel , Comprehensive Health Care , Health Manager , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Charities , Qualitative Research , Health Policy , Health Services Needs and Demand
5.
Rev. salud pública ; 20(4): 511-517, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979015

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Conceptualizar el cuidador institucional de persona mayor en Colombia como cuidador formal. Metodología Se realizó una revisión documental desde un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo para analizar la labor del cuidador institucional en dos dimensiones: Interna para reconocer la realidad según el estudio "Cuidador Institucional: caracterización, situación actual y redes de apoyo - Colombia 2013 y la Externa para reconocer la mirada del Estado y de la Academia. Resultados Permitieron argumentar que si bien Colombia ha avanzado normativamente, aun no desarrolla completamente un sistema de cuidado para personas mayores que articule actores y responsabilidades de los proveedores de cuidado (individuo, familia, sociedad civil y Estado). Conclusiones Se aportan elementos para comprender el cuidado institucional y para establecer la formación específica en cuidado, la vinculación formal con la institución de cuidado y el esquema de vigilancia - control como conceptualización del cuidador institucional de la persona mayor en Colombia como Cuidador Formal y así dar cumplimiento de algunas metas estatales y de la sociedad colombiana.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To conceptualize institutional elderly caregiver in Colombia as formal caregivers. Methods A documentary review was carried out using a qualitative and descriptive approach, in order to analyze the work of institutional caregivers based on two dimensions: the internal dimension to realize their reality according to the study entitled "Institutional Caregiver: characterization, current situation and support networks - Colombia 2013", and the external dimension to recognize the perspective of the State and the academy on the issue. Results It was possible to see that, although Colombia has made progress on regulation matters, the country has not yet fully developed a care system for the elderly that articulates actors and responsibilities of care providers (individuals, families, civil society and the State). Conclusions Elements are provided to understand institutional care and establish specific care training, the formal link between a care delivery institution and the surveillance-control scheme to conceptualize institutional elderly caregivers in Colombia as formal caregivers and thus fulfill some State and society goals.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Caregivers/trends , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Colombia , Qualitative Research
6.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ; : 177-185, 2009.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-89045

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among activities of daily living, self-efficiency, nursing home care quality and nursing home adaptation, and to identify the influencing factors of nursing home adaptation in nursing home residents. METHODS: The study employed a descriptive correlational design. The data were collected from 148 older adults without dementia by interview from six nursing homes in three cities from February 1, 2008 to February 28, 2008. RESULTS: Levels of nursing home adaptation in older adult residents were different by type of decision maker of nursing home admission, reason of nursing home admission, type of payment and length of nursing home stay. The nursing home adaptation was significantly correlated with self-efficiency and nursing home care quality. The strongest predictor of nursing home adaptation was type of decision maker of nursing home admission followed by the self-efficiency. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that during the decision making period of nursing home admission, older adults should have enough time and careful considerations of their families to decide by themselves in positive ways. Nursing home staff should be able to identify reasons of nursing home admission and demands or expectations of older adults and their families.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Activities of Daily Living , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude of Health Personnel , Demography , Family/psychology , Interviews as Topic , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Patient Admission , Self Efficacy
8.
Horiz. enferm ; 5(2): 23-6, 1994.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-209077

ABSTRACT

El artículo describe resumidamente las actividades desarrolladas en la Casa Vida y Salud de la Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) - Brasil, de cuatro grupos organizados de investigación a saber: Núcleo de convivencia en situaciones crónicas de Salud (NUCRON), Grupo de Asistencia, Investigación y Educación en el área de salud de la familia (GAPEFAN), Grupo de Inventos y Adaptación Tecnológica de Enfermería (GIATE) y Programa Integrado de investigación "Cuidando y Confortando"


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Nursing Homes , Nursing Research/instrumentation , Nursing Research/methods , Nursing Research/organization & administration
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