ABSTRACT
Moyamoya disease is a chronic and unusual cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the distal portions of internal carotid arteries and its main branches within the circle of Willis. Posterior circulation (vertebral and basilar arteries) may also be affected; however, this presentation is uncommon. As well as stenosis of the terminal portion of intracranial arteries, it is seen the development of a network of collateral vessels abnormally dilated at the base of the brain with an aspect of a "puff of smoke," whose term in Japanese is described as "moyamoya." The present study aims to report two consecutive cases of patients who presented to our service with different clinical manifestations. Further investigation with digital subtraction angiography showed a moyamoya pattern.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/surgery , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/surgery , Occipital Lobe/surgery , Occipital Lobe/injuries , Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System/diagnostic imaging , Microsurgery/methodsABSTRACT
Nocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and amortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a longterm antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Brain Abscess/surgery , Brain Abscess/mortality , Brain Abscess/drug therapy , Nocardia/pathogenicity , Brain Abscess/etiology , Brain Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Continuity of Patient Care , Craniotomy/methods , Occipital Lobe/surgery , Occipital Lobe/injuriesABSTRACT
Realizou-se estudo anatômico e clínico para avaliação da eficácia da operabilidade e ressecabilidade das lesões do espaço incisural posterior (EIP) através do acesso supratentorial infraoccipital (ASI). Este espaço se situa pósterolateralmente ao teto do mesencéfalo e abaixo do esplênio do corpo caloso, englobando o pulvinar do tálamo, a porção póstero-medial do giro parahipocampal e o istmo do giro do cíngulo. O estudo anatômico foi feito em cinco segmentos cefálicos, perfazendo dez acessos, de peças anatômicas preparadas e dissecadas no laboratório de neurocirurgia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se análise morfométrica com medição da distância média da tórcula à diferentes estruturas do espaço incisural posterior: esplênio do corpo caloso, glândula pineal, origem da artéria calcarina, istmo do giro do cíngulo, pulvinar do tálamo, lâmina do teto do mesencéfalo e junção falcotentorial. Mediu-se também a distância entre a tórcula e pólo occipital que corresponde ao afastamento do lobo occipital da foice do cérebro. Calculou-se o ângulo de exposição do EIP por meio do ASI usando-se a função tangente, baseado no cálculo de triângulo retângulo criado com a retração do lobo occipital . A análise retrospectiva de vinte e dois pacientes com tumor ou malformação artério-venosa localizado no EIP e tratado pelo ASI foi realizada. Quinze pacientes apresentavam lesão tumoral (astrocitoma, oligodendroglioma, meninigioma e metástase de adenocarcionoma pulmonar), obtendo-se ressecção completa do tumor em seis pacientes, e parcial em nove. Sete pacientes apresentavam lesões vasculares (malformação artério-venosa e aneurisma), que foram tratados de maneira eficaz pelo ASI. Os resultados do estudo anatômico mostraram satisfatória operabilidade do ASI, com ângulo de exposição do EIP de 37,3 graus, e profundidade do campo cirúrgico de aproximadamente 50 mm. O estudo clínico evidenciou que o ASI permite boa ressecabilidade das lesões, com prejuízo funcional mínimo ou nulo
An anatomical and clinical study was performed to evaluate the surgical feasibility of the supratentorial infraoccipital approach (SIA) to treat lesions in the posterior incisural space (PIS). This space is located in the postero-lateral area of the quadrigeminal plate, below the splenium of corpus callosum, envolving the pulvinar of thalamus, postero-medial part of the parahipocampal gyrus and the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Five cadaveric specimens, ten sides, were used for the anatomical study at the Federal University of Minas Gerais neurosurgery laboratory. A mathematical evaluation was done, measuring the distance from the torcula to the splenium of corpus callosum, pineal gland, calcarine artery, isthmus of cingulate gyrus, quadrigeminal plate, pulvinar of thalamus and the falcotentorial junction. The distance between the occipital pole and the falx cerebri, due to the occipital lobe retraction, was also measured. The exposure angle to reach the PIS was calculated. A retrospective analysis of twenty-two patients harboring tumors or arteriovenous malformations located at the PIS, operated by SIA, was done. There were 15 patients with tumors (astrocytomas, meningiomas and metastatic lesion) and seven with vascular lesions. Total resection was achieved in all five arteriovenous malformations patients as well as in six out of fifteen tumor patients. Nine patients had a partial tumor resection, and two a satisfactory aneurism exclusion. The anatomical and clinical results showed a good surgical feasibility when using the SIA to treat lesion at the PIS, with an exposing angle of 37.3 degrees of the target area, a surgical field deepness of approximately 50 mm, allowing good amount of lesion resection.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Occipital Lobe/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome , Academic Dissertation , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Craniotomy/methodsABSTRACT
Realizou-se análise de 22 pacientes portadores de tumores e lesões vasculares (malformações arteriovenosas e aneurismas) das regiões posteriores do giro parahipocampal e do pulvinar do tálamo e operados pelo acesso supratentorial-infraoccipital. Em quinze pacientes com tumor, a ressecção foi completa em seis e parcial em nove. Os cinco pacientes com malformação arteriovenosa foram submetidos a exérese total da lesão. Realizou-se também o estudo anatômico deste acesso em cinco segmentos cefálicos (dez lados). Os resultados cirúrgicos e do estudo anatômico sugerem que o acesso supratentorial-infraoccipital representa opção para abordar lesões do pulvinar do tálamo e do lobo temporal posteromedial que afloram na fissura transversa do cérebro.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Occipital Lobe/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Säo relatados 3 casos de doentes com lesöes vasculares da face medial do lobo occiptal abordados por via perietoccipital modificada, ampliando o campo operatório e minimizando a retraçäo cerebral