Work-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases and the Workers' Compensation

The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (IACIA) regulates the workers' compensation insurance system and the standards for the recognition of occupational diseases (ODs). Since its establishment in 1994, the IACIA has been amended several times. Before 2008, the approval of compensation for work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs) was decided based on the recommendation of consultants of the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (COMWEL). The IACIA was amended in 2008, and since then, the approval of compensation for occupational injuries has been decided based on the recommendation of COMWEL consultants, whereas the approval of compensation for ODs was decided based on the judgment of Committee on Occupational Diseases Judgment (CODJ) which was established in 2008. According to the 2013 amendment to the IACIA, degenerative musculoskeletal diseases among workers engaged in musculoskeletal-burdening work should be considered compensable ODs. Despite some commendable changes to the workers' compensation insurance system, other significant issues persist. To resolve these issues, related organizations including the associations of orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and occupational and environmental medicine; Ministry of Employment and Labor; and COMWEL need to work cooperatively.

Exposición laboral a fluidos corporales de riesgo en el Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes Cerda durante 11 años de estudio / Occupational exposure risk to body fluids in the Felix Bulnes Hospital during eleven years

Accidents with risk of occupational exposure to body fluids constitute more of a third of labor accidents. Objective: To describe the annual incidence of accidents with exposure to body fluids in the Felix Bulnes Hospital from1998 to 2008. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of reports from the Infection Control Committee. Results: During 11 years, there were 415 accidents with exposure to body fluids, with the cumulative incidence of 3,4% (range 1.3% to 6%). Sharp instrument accidents accounted for 92,5% of cases. The main health care providers affected were the paramedical technicians and the students. The highest frequency of accidents occurred in the obstetrical operating rooms (20%) and in the central operating rooms (17%). There were no cases of seroconversion and no exposure to HCV or HBV. The estimated costs were USD $35638,6 or USD $271 per 1000 staff per year. Conclusions: The incidence increased during the first years of the study and then remained stable since 2001, despite efforts in training personnel. Many factors contribute to the development of these accidents, such as lack of experience, type of clinical benefit and even daytime working hours.

Los accidentes por exposición a fluidos corporales de riesgo constituyen más de un tercio de los accidentes laborales. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia anual de accidentes por exposición a fluidos corporales de riesgo en el Hospital Clínico Félix Bulnes Cerda durante los años 1998 a 2008. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de análisis de reportes del Comité de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS). Resultados: Se registraron 415 accidentes por exposición a fluidos corporales de riesgo, siendo la incidencia acumulada de 3,4% (rango 1,3 a 6,0%) durante los 11 años estudiados. Los accidentes corto-punzantes constituyeron 92,5% de los casos. Los técnicos paramédicos y alumnos de carreras de la salud fueron los estamentos más afectados. La mayor frecuencia de accidentes ocurrió en los pabellones quirúrgicos de maternidad (20%) y en los pabellones centrales (17%). No se registraron casos de seroconversión y no hubo exposiciones a VHC o VHB. Los costos estimados fueron $ 17.292.916, $ 131.500 por 1.000 funcionario/ alumno por año (USD $ 34,571 o USD $ 263 por 1.000 funcionario/alumno por año). Conclusiones: La incidencia aumentó durante los primeros años del estudio para luego mantenerse estable desde el año 2001, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en capacitación. Muchos factores favorecen el desarrollo de estos accidentes, como la falta de experiencia, el tipo de prestación clínica e incluso la jornada laboral diurna.