ABSTRACT
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the Aporé virus (Bunyavirales: Arenaviridae), obtained from a wild rodent Oligoryzomys mattogrossae captured in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The genome of this virus showed strong similarity to highly pathogenic mammarenavirus from South America.
Subject(s)
Humans , Oligoribonucleotides/supply & distribution , Arenaviridae , Arenavirus , Brazil/epidemiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the molecular basis difference between recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and vocal cord polyp, to analyze the expression of glycan structural genes, and to discuss the pathopoiesis mechanism of RRP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The gene expressing profile between the 3 groups papilloma and the vocal cord polyp regarded as normal larynx epithelium were compared using mRNA parallel amplify and the human genome gene expressing microarray. Through cluster analysis, Gene Ontology function gene annotation and path way analysis, the relative gene of RRP and HPV infection were acquired.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to three microarrays results, total 567 expression changed genes related to HPV induce RRP were acquired. A serial change of glycan structure biosynthesis and degradation pathways was significant. The expression of dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase polypeptide 1 (DPM1), asparagine-linked glycosylation 1 homolog (ALG1), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) and alpha-mannosidase 1A (MAN1A) were regulated and beta-hexosaminidase (HEXB), beta1-galactosidase (GLB1), exostoses 1 (EXT1), fucosyltransferase (FUT) reduced expression and heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 (HS3ST3A1) increased expression. The two related enzymes of the glycosphingolipids which is the main composed of the cell membrane, beta-3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 4 (B3GNT4) and UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) increase expression, HEXB and GLB1 reduced expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The alteration of the coding genes of glycan structure biosynthesis and degradation pathways were significantly and characteristically in pathopoiesis mechanism of RRP. This abnormality may be the beginning of tumor form HPV infection.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Gene Expression Profiling , Glycolipids , Genetics , Glycoproteins , Genetics , Laryngeal Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Oligoribonucleotides , Genetics , Papilloma , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Papillomaviridae , Genetics , Polyps , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Respiratory Tract Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Virology , Vocal Cords , PathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor (TGF)- has a large variety of biological functions, including the modulation of inflammation and the immune system, and is presumed to play important roles in repairing wounds and reducing scarring. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of TGF-1 on healing wounds and reducing scarring. We have also analysed the ability of the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) liposome mediated antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to specifically inhibit wound-induced expressions of TGF-1 proteins and mRNA in the rat skin. METHODS: Skin wounds were created on the backs of 80 anesthetized rats. The first group of wounds, as the controls, was unmanipulated. The second group of wounds, as positive controls or an excessive scarring model, was injected with TGF-1 subcutaneously. The third group of wounds was injected with anti-TGF-1 antibody subcutaneously. The fourth group of wounds was injected with HVJ liposome mediated antisense ODNs for TGF-1 subcutaneously. The wounds of all groups were bisected and analysed histologically 5, 10, 15, 30, and 50 days after the wounds were made. RESULTS: All control wounds (TGF-1 or no injection) healed with scarring, whereas the wounds treated with the antibody or antisense ODNs healed with less scar formation compared to the control group. The wounds treated with the antibody or antisense ODNs had fewer macrophages, less collagen and fibronectin contents than the other wounds. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analysis showed that wound sites treated with HVJ liposome mediated antisense ODNs for TGF-1 exhibited decreased levels of TGF-1 mRNA after injury. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an important new approach to controlling scarring in normal wound healing, complementing the practice of adding exogenous growth factors to chronic wounds in the attempt to inhibit collagen deposition.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blotting, Northern , Cicatrix , Collagen , Complement System Proteins , Fibronectins , Genetic Therapy , Immune System , In Situ Hybridization , Inflammation , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Liposomes , Macrophages , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides , Oligoribonucleotides , RNA, Messenger , Sendai virus , Skin , Transforming Growth Factor beta , Transforming Growth Factors , Wound Healing , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
The probability of randomly synthesized peptides having an excess of a given residue Ri (nRi>N/2; N = size of the peptide) decreases strongly with peptide size. For a strong, specific interaction of a Ri, rich peptide with a given sequence of a ribotide chain, peptides should be reasonably large. We discuss how a compromise can be achieved that may have had an important role on the origin of the genetic code.