ABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: We avaluated the clinical features, epidemiology, opportunistic infections and coinfections of HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 143 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a public center in the Midwest of Santa Catarina, south of Brazil, from December 2014 to September 2015. RESULTS: Most were male, Caucasian, married, with low education level, and aged 31-50 years. Heterosexual transmission was the most common infection route. Regarding coinfection, 3.5% had hepatitis C, 2.1% hepatitis B, 4.2% syphilis, and 4.9% tuberculosis; 38.5% had opportunistic infections. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection follows the national trend, but hepatitis B and C coinfection rates were higher, while tuberculosis rate was lower.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Opportunistic Infections/classification , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Tuberculosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cohort Studies , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Coinfection/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Introdução: devido a imunossupressão crônica nos receptores de transplante renal, a cavidade oral é considerada como um ambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento de infecções oportunistas. Objetivo: avaliar publicações cujo desfecho fosse traçar o perfil das manifestações estomatológicas associadas à imunossupressão nos receptores de transplante renal. Métodos: foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas a partir das bases de dados MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, BBO, no período de 1966 a 2008, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol e incluídos estudos seccionais e longitudinais. Resultados: foi identificado um total de 207 estudos, dos quais apenas 11 foram selecionados. A manifestação mais frequentemente relatada na literatura foi o crescimento gengival associado ao uso de drogas imunossupressoras e aos bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio. Apenas três artigos tinham caráter de levantamento epidemiológico. Conclusão: o cuidado com a saúde oral dos receptores de transplante renal deve ser considerado uma conduta padrão e conhecer suas principais alterações é primordial para a prevenção e controle através de um diagnóstico precoce, tratamento eficaz e prognóstico favorável (AU)
Introduction: Due to chronic immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients, the oral cavity is considered as vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Aim: To evaluate publications whose outcome was to determine the profile of oral manifestations associated with immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A bibliographic survey was carried out of articles published in the MEDLINE, Cochrane, LILACS, and BBO databases from 1966 to 2008 in English, Portuguese and Spanish, including transversal and longitudinal studies. Results: Although 207 studies were found, only 11 were selected. The manifestation most frequently reported in the literature was gingival growth associated with the use of immunosuppressive drugs and calcium channel blockers. Only three articles had an epidemiological survey character. Conclusion: Oral health care of renal transplant recipients must be a standard practice, and knowing its main alterations is crucial for prevention and control through early diagnosis, effective treatment, and favorable prognosis (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Postoperative Complications/virology , Opportunistic Infections/classification , Immunosuppression Therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Humans , Fungi/pathogenicity , Mycoses/etiology , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Cladosporium/pathogenicity , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Fungi/drug effects , Fungi/isolation & purification , Fusarium/pathogenicity , Immunocompromised Host , Malassezia/pathogenicity , Opportunistic Infections/classification , Paecilomyces/pathogenicity , Penicillium/pathogenicity , Pseudallescheria/pathogenicity , Signs and Symptoms , Trichosporon/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Se analizaron prospectivamente 80 pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus que ingresaron por proceso infecciosos en el Hospital Universitario "Angel Larralde"; en contrándose un predominio de pacientes mayores de 40 años y del sexo femenino, al igual que diabetes mellitus tipo II. No existió correlación con el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, así como el mal control metabólico no fue el factor predisponente en todos los casos. La presencia de complicaciones crónicas se correlacionó con una mayor frecuencia de procesos infecciosos siendo los más frecuentes: Neuropatía y Angiopatía. La Leucositosis no es constante y el tratamiento previo de la diabétes no influye en la evolución de la infección; siendo el promedio de hospitalización aceptable. La infección más frecuente es la de piel, mucosas y tejidos blandos, seguida por la infección urinaria; la positividad de los cultivos es elevada en las secreciones de piel, orina y esputo, siendo menor en hemocultivos. Los gérmenes que se aislaron con mayor frecuencia fueron E. Coli, P. Mirábilis y S. Aureus. Entre las infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos las ulceras y gangrenas en el pie diabético fueron las más frecuentes, originadas por gram negativo y Stafilococos Aureus