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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(5): 285-288, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-827973

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and anterior and posterior corneal surfaces using the Scheimpflug imaging system in patients diagnosed with tilted disc syndrome (TDS). Methods: The study group (Group 1) and the control group (Group 2) comprised 35 eyes of 35 age-, sex-, and refraction-matched cases. All cases underwent a full ophthalmic examination that included cycloplegic refraction, axial ocular length measurement, and Scheimpflug imaging. Results: The mean age was 34.68 ± 15.48 years in Group 1 and 34.11 ± 12.01 years in Group 2 (p=0.864). The gender distribution was 18 males and 17 females in Group 1 and 16 males and 19 females in Group 2 (p=0.618). All subjects were Caucasian. The spherical equivalent was 3.62 ± 1.75 D in Group 1 and 3.69 ± 1.51 D in Group 2 (p=0.850). There was no significant difference in age, sex, race, or spherical equivalent between groups. There was no significant difference in mean keratometric value and CV3 (the CV in the central 3 mm) between groups (p=0.232 and 0.172, respectively). There were statistically significant differences in CCT, CV5, and CV7 (CV in the central 5 and 7 mm3, respectively) and total CV between groups (p=0.008, 0.003, 0.023, and 0.019, respectively). The values of all parameters were lower in the study group than in the control group. There was also a statistically significant difference in the anterior elevation parameters of the cornea between groups (p<0.05). The mean values of Group 1 were higher than those of Group 2. There were statistically significant differences in the two parameters referring to the posterior elevation of the cornea between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eyes with TDS have thinner CCT, lower CV, and different anterior corneal curvature than normal eyes.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a espessura central da córnea (CCT), o volume de córnea (CV), e a superfície corneana anterior e posterior utilizando sistema de imagem Scheimpflug em pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome do disco inclinado (TDS). Métodos: O grupo de estudo (grupo 1) e o grupo controle (grupo 2) consistiu de 35 olhos de 35 pacientes pareados por idade, sexo e refração em cada grupo. Todos os casos foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico completo incluindo refração sob cicloplegia, medida do comprimento axial ocular e avaliação por Scheimpflug. Resultados: A idade média foi de 34,68 ± 15,48 anos no grupo 1 e 34.11 ± 12,01 anos no grupo 2 (p=0,864). A distribuição por sexo foi de 18 homens e 17 mulheres do grupo 1 e 16 homens e 19 mulheres no grupo 2 (p=0,618). Todos os indivíduos eram caucasianos. O equivalente esférico foi 3,62 ± 1,75 D no Grupo 1 e 3,69 ± 1,51 D no Grupo 2 (p=0,850). Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos para idade, sexo, raça e equivalente esférico. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos para o valor médio ceratométrico e CV3 (o volume da córnea na central 3 mm) (p=0,232, p=0,172, respectivamente). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos para CCT, CV5, CV7 (volume de córnea na região central 5 e 7 mm, respectivamente) e CV total (p=0,008, p=0,003, p=0,023 e p=0,019, respectivamente). Os valores do grupo de estudo foram menores do que o grupo controle para todos os parâmetros. Houve também diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos nos parâmetros elevação anterior da córnea (p<0,05). Os valores médios do grupo 1 foram maiores do que o grupo 2. Não houve diferença entre os dois grupos para os dois parâmetros referentes à elevação posterior da córnea (p<0,05). Conclusões: Nosso estudo mostrou que os olhos com TDS apresentam CCT mais fina, menor volume da córnea e alterações na curvatura corneana anterior quando comparados aos olhos normais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Optic Disk/abnormalities , Optic Disk/pathology , Optic Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Cornea/pathology , Optic Disk/physiopathology , Organ Size , Reference Values , Syndrome , Visual Acuity , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Cornea/physiopathology , Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Corneal Topography/methods , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Intraocular Pressure
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(2): 78-81, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782804

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the thicknesses of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell complex (GCL), and choroid layer using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for investigating the effects of vascular changes on the eye and optic nerve in patients who have migraine with aura. Methods: Forty-five patients who had migraine with aura (migraine group) and 45 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in the study. Age, gender, duration after migraine diagnosis, intraocular pressure, and axial length measurements were recorded in each case. RNFL, GCL, and choroid layer thicknesses were measured using SD-OCT in all participants. Results: The mean age was 36.1 ± 6.7 (20-45) years in the migraine group and 35.7 ± 8.6 (19-45) years in the control group. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thicknesses of the temporal and nasal quadrants (p >0.05). The RNFL thicknesses of the superior and inferior quadrants were significantly lower in the migraine group compared with those in the control group (p =0.001, p <0.01, respectively). Measurements for the superior and inferior GCL were not significantly different between the groups (p >0.05). Subfoveal, temporal, and nasal choroidal thickness measurements at 500 µm, 1000 µm, and 1500 µm were significantly lower in the migraine group than in the control group (p =0.001; p <0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Compared with the controls, the RNFL and choroid layer were determined to be thinner in patients who had chronic migraine with aura.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as espessuras de camada peripapilar de fibras nervosas retinianas (RNFL), complexo de células ganglionares (GCL) e da coroide utilizando a tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (SD-OCT), a fim de investigar os efeitos das alterações vasculares no olho e nervo óptico em pacientes que apresentam enxaqueca com aura. Métodos: Quarenta e cinco pacientes que apresentavam enxaqueca com aura (grupo enxaqueca) e 45 indivíduos saudáveis (grupo controle) foram incluídos no estudo. Idade, sexo, duração da enxaqueca, pressão intraocular e medidas de comprimento axial foram registrados em cada caso. Medidas da RNFL, GCL e espessuras da coroide foram obtidas com SD-OCT em todos os participantes. Resultados: A média da idade foi de 36,1 ± 6,7 (20-45) anos no grupo enxaqueca e 35,7 ± 8,6 (19-45) anos no grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa em espessuras RNFL nos quadrantes temporal e nasal (p>0,05). A espessura da RNFL nos quadrantes superiores e inferiores foram significativamente menores no grupo de enxaqueca em comparação ao grupo controle (p=0,001; p<0,01). Medidas da GCL superior e inferior não mostraram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p>0,05). Espessuras subfoveais, temporais e nasais da coroide (CT) a 500 µm, 1000 µm e 1500 µm foram significativamente menores no grupo de enxaqueca em relação ao grupo controle (p=0,001; p<0,01). Conclusões: Comparados aos controles, as espessuras da RNFL e coroide foram mais finas em pacientes que apresentavam enxaqueca crônica com aura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Choroid/diagnostic imaging , Migraine with Aura/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Optic Disk/physiopathology , Optic Disk/diagnostic imaging , Retina/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Choroid/physiopathology , Migraine with Aura/physiopathology , Tomography, Optical Coherence
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 77(6): 364-367, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-735798

ABSTRACT

Purposes: To objectively evaluate the torsional effect of the superior oblique muscle-weakening surgery using the tenectomy technique proposed by Souza-Dias. Methods: The present prospective study included 10 patients (20 eyes) with horizontal strabismus, bilateral superior oblique overaction and A-pattern of 15 to 30 prism diopters who underwent superior oblique tenectomy. Objective assessment of ocular torsion was performed by retinography immediately before and one month after surgery. The amount of ocular torsion was determined by measuring the angle formed by a horizontal line drawn across the geometric center of the optic disc and a second line connecting this point to the fovea. Results: The median preoperative angle was 5.56° in the right eyes and -3.43° in the left eyes. The median postoperative angle was 1.84° in the right eyes and -3.12° in the left eyes. The angle variation was statistically significant in both eyes (p=0.012 and p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The present study suggests that superior oblique tenectomy has an extorter effect, decreasing the intorsion detected on overaction of this muscle. .


Objetivo: Avaliar, de forma objetiva, a torção ocular após a tenectomia do oblíquo superior, proposta por Souza-Dias. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo de dez pacientes (20 olhos) com estrabismo horizontal, hiperfunção bilateral dos oblíquos anisotropia em A de 15 a 30 dioptrias prismáticas, submetidos à tenectomia bilateral dos oblíquos superiores. A avaliação objetiva da torção foi realizada com a retinografia antes e após a cirurgia, determinando-se o ângulo de torção formado entre a linha horizontal que passa pelo centro do disco óptico e a linha que passa pelo centro da fóvea. Resultados: A mediana dos ângulos de torção pré-operatória foi de 5,56° nos olhos direitos e de 3,43° nos esquerdos. Após a cirurgia, o ângulo mediano foi de 1,84° nos olhos direitos e de -3,12° nos esquerdos. Em ambos os olhos, a variação absoluta foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,012/p=0,01). Conclusões: O presente estudo demonstrou que a tenectomia do oblíquo superior tem ação extorsora, reduzindo de forma significante a intorção encontrada nos casos de hiperfunção deste músculo. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Oculomotor Muscles/surgery , Torsion Abnormality/surgery , Fovea Centralis/physiopathology , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Optic Disk/physiopathology , Optic Disk/surgery , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Strabismus/physiopathology , Strabismus/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Tendons/surgery , Torsion Abnormality/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiology
4.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2011 Jan; 59 (Suppl1): 97-101
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136259

ABSTRACT

Glaucoma is now considered an abnormal physiology in the optic nerve head that interacts with the level of intraocular pressure (IOP), with the degree and rate of damage depending on the IOP and presumably the degree of abnormal physiology. Diagnosis of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), defined as glaucoma without a clearly abnormal IOP, depends on recognizing symptoms and signs associated with optic nerve vulnerability, in addition to absence of other explanations for disc abnormality and visual field loss. Among the findings are a halo or crescent of absence of retinal pigment epithelium around the disc, bilateral pre-chiasmal visual field defects, splinter hemorrhages at the disc margin, vascular dysregulation (low blood pressure, cold hands and feet, migraine headache with aura, and the like), or a family history of glaucoma. Possibly relevant, is a history of hemodynamic crisis, arterial obstructive disease, or sleep apnea. Neurological evaluation with imaging is needed only for atypical cases or ones that progress unexpectedly. Management follows the same principle of other chronic glaucomas, to lower the IOP by a substantial amount, enough to prevent disabling visual loss. However, many NTG cases are non-progressive. Therefore, it may often be wisein mild cases to determine whether the case is progressive and the rate of progression before deciding on how aggressivene to be with therapy. Efforts at neuroprotection and improvement in blood flow have not yet been shown effective.


Subject(s)
Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Disease Progression , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Low Tension Glaucoma/complications , Low Tension Glaucoma/diagnosis , Low Tension Glaucoma/etiology , Low Tension Glaucoma/therapy , Medical Records , Neurologic Examination , Ophthalmoscopy , Optic Disk/pathology , Optic Disk/physiopathology , Vision Disorders/etiology , Visual Fields
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 58(8): 591-593, ago. 1999. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-309759

ABSTRACT

Apresentamos um caso de Síndrome de Mornig Glory, uma incomum anomalia congênita do disco de etiologia ainda incerta. Enfatizamos sua epidemiologia, caracaterísticas oftalmológicas, tipos de associaçöes sistêmicas, assim como suas principais complicaçöes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Optic Disk/abnormalities , Optic Disk/physiopathology , Optic Disk/pathology
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 58(6): 448-51, dez. 1995. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-169890

ABSTRACT

O autor apresenta um caso raro da Síndrome da Morning Glory associada à microftalmia do olho contralateral e busca correlacionar os achados clínicos encontrados nesta síndrome com seus prováveis mecanismos etiopatogênicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Optic Disk/abnormalities , Microphthalmos/physiopathology , Optic Disk/physiopathology
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 56(2): 87-94, 1993. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-134083

ABSTRACT

Säo apresentadas 9 observaçöes de Síndrome de Papila em Campainha, nome proposto pelos autores para a Língua Portuguesa para a síndrome conhecida como "Morning Glory". Os aspectos considerados mais importantes nas observaçöes, além da malformaçäo papilar, foram: 1- Herança autossômica dominante controlada pelo sexo (presença da Síndrome da Papila em Campainha em indivíduos do sexo masculino em 3 geraçöes consecutivas). 2- Bilateralidade da síndrome em 7 observaçöes oftalmoscópicas presumíveis (100 por cento). 3- Acuidade visual normal ou próxima do normal em 69 por cento dos olhos. 4- Microftalmia num dos olhos portadores da síndrome, associada a descolamento total da retina. 5- Quadro da persistência hiperplásica do vítreo hialoideu (primário) bilateral (terceira observaçäo). 6- Depressäo central ao nível do nervo óptico, demonstrada pela ecografia B em quatro olhos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Coloboma/physiopathology , Optic Disk/physiopathology , Optic Nerve/abnormalities
8.
Tunisie Medicale [La]. 1992; 70 (1): 11-14
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-26577

ABSTRACT

The main examns for early diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] in fifty patients are described. The authors conclused that ocular pressure in any patient older than 40 years have to be measured systematically, also examination of optic disc and especially the investigation of visual field in suspected patients preferably with automated perimetry rare are crucial


Subject(s)
Optic Disk/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiology
9.
Tunisie Medicale [La]. 1992; 70 (2): 71-73
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-26613

ABSTRACT

In a population of 1500 out patients, the authors study the value of optic disc aspect in the detection of glaucoma. The optic disc aspect made it possible to diagnose the chronic glaucoma in 89% of cases: and failed in 11% of cases. Although the examination of the optic disc has involved some percentage of errors in the detection of glaucoma it remains a reliable test for mass detection


Subject(s)
Humans , Optic Disk/physiopathology
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