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1.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 116-122, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-40420

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate orbital blood flow velocities and optic nerve diameter with Doppler and gray-scale sonography in patients with acute unilateral optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: Orbital Doppler and gray-scale sonography was performed in 46 eyes of 23 patients aged 19- to 47-years with acute unilateral ON. ON was diagnosed by an ophthalmologist on the basis of clinical presentation, presence of decreased visual acuity and assessment of visual evoked potentials. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV), as well as the resistance index (RI) and pulsatile index (PI) of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) and optic nerve diameter were measured in both eyes. We compared results from affected and unaffected eyes using the paired t-test. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to assess the diagnosis of ON based on measured blood flow parameters of the OA, CRA and PCAs and optic nerve diameter. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) optic nerve diameter in eyes with ON was 4.1 (0.8) mm, which was significantly larger than the 3.0 (0.4) mm diameter measured in unaffected control eyes (p 0.05). The mean RI in the PCAs was slightly lower in the eyes with ON than in the contralateral eyes (0.60 vs. 0.64, p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curves indicated that optic nerve diameter was the best parameter for the diagnosis of ON. CONCLUSIONS: Optic nerve diameter was related to ON, but orbital blood flow parameters were not.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ophthalmic Artery/physiology , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Optic Neuritis/physiopathology , Orbit/blood supply , Pulsatile Flow/physiology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Vascular Resistance/physiology
2.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 380-383, 2010.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-31138

ABSTRACT

Retrobulbar hemorrhage and permanent visual loss are rare presentations following traumatic asphyxia. In this case, bilateral permanent visual disturbance developed in a woman after chest-crushing trauma without direct trauma to the orbits. A computed tomography scan confirmed bilateral retrobulbar hemorrhages. An ophthalmologic exam revealed bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages and severe lid edema. Despite high-dose steroid therapy, visual recovery was limited, and optic nerve atrophy developed. Ischemia of the optic nerve associated with retrobulbar hemorrhage may be postulated as one of the causes of permanent visual impairment following traumatic asphyxia.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Asphyxia/complications , Ischemia/complications , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Retrobulbar Hemorrhage/complications , Thoracic Injuries/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vision Disorders/etiology
3.
Bina Journal of Ophthalmology. 2005; 11 (3): 289-293
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-70071

ABSTRACT

To describe the association between optic disc traction and non-arthritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy [NAION].eighty three eyes of 83 patients with NAION were evaluated by optical coherence tomography [OCT] for detecting vitreous adhesion to the optic never head with separation form adjacent retina [partial posterior vitreous detachment]. Those who were negative for such adhesion underwent ultrasonography to detect complete PVD. Fifty male and 33 female subjects with mean age of 51.9 +/- 10yr were studied. Partial PVD with optic never head adhesion was found in 54 patients [65.1%] using OCT. Ultrasonography found complete PVD in all eyes with optically empty spaces in OCT. Vitreous traction on optic never head from PVD may play a causative role in some cases of NAION. This traction may impair vascular supply and axoplasmic flow leading to signs and symptoms of NAION


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Female , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/pathology , Optic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Optic Nerve/abnormalities , Traction , Ultrasonography , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Risk Factors
4.
Rev. argent. anestesiol ; 62(5): 334-355, sept.-oct. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-413178

ABSTRACT

A pesar de ser la ceguera postoperatoria una complicación rara en la cual la neuropatía isquémica del nervio óptico parecer ser la causa predominante, ella se habría incrementado en los últimos tiempos, por lo menos en lo que respecta a la frecuencia con que aparece descripta en la literatura médica. El ASACCP, luego de analizar más de 5.800 expedientes cuyos juicios por presunta mala praxis estaban concluídos, descubrió que solamente el 3 por ciento de las demandas estaban relacionadas con amaurosis postoperatoria en cirugías no oftalmológicas. A partir de este estudio, y con el objeto de ahondar más en las causas de una complicación tan grave, en junio de 1999 la ASA formó una comisión especial dentro del ASACCP (ASA Closed Claims Proyect), el Postoperative Visual Loss Registry (PVLR) que elaboró un formulario para ser llenado, en forma anónima, por los miembros de la entidad cuando se enfrentan con un caso de lesión ocular postoperatoria. En este trabajo se analizan las causas dela ceguera postoperatoria y se describe su aparición durante distintos procedimientos quirúrgicos y anestésicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Blindness/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Optic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Eye/anatomy & histology , Eye/physiopathology , Prone Position , Insurance Claim Review/statistics & numerical data
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 64(4): 309-313, jul.-ago. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-292580

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tartarato de brimonidina a 0,2 por cento tópico, ins-tilado de 12/12 horas, na circulaçäo retrobulbar em pacientes portadores de glaucoma. Métodos: Foram estudados os 2 olhos de 16 pacientes portadores de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto e glaucoma crônico de ângulo estreito com iridotomia. Usando o Doppler colorido foram avaliados: velocidade sistólica máxima, velocidade diastólica final e índice de resistência das artéria central da retina, artéria ciliar posterior curta temporal e artéria oftálmica. As avaliaçöes foram feitas antes e depois do uso da brimonidina. Resultados: O tartarato de brimonidina a 0,2 por cento aumentou significativamente a velocidade sistólica máxima (28,24 para 34,23 cm/seg) e velocidade diastólica final (6,62 para 8,10 cm/seg) no olho direito e reduziu o índice de resistência (0,75 para 0,71) no olho esquerdo da artéria oftálmica. Conclusäo: O tartarato de brimonidina 0,2 por cento 2x/dia aumentou significativamente a velocidade sistólica máxima e velocidade diastólica final e reduziu índice de resistência da artéria oftálmica de pacientes glaucomatosos. Este efeito sugere que a brimonidina pode beneficiar pacientes glaucomatosos com insuficiência vascular na cabe-ça do nervo óptico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Circulation/physiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/drug therapy , Quinoxalines/therapeutic use , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Prospective Studies , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology
6.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2000 Sep; 48(3): 171-94
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-71284

ABSTRACT

Ischaemic optic neuropathy is of two types: anterior (AION) and posterior (PION), the first involving the optic nerve head (ONH) and the second, the rest of the optic nerve. Pathogenetically AION and PION are very different diseases. AION represents an acute ischaemic disorder of the ONH supplied by the posterior ciliary artery (PCA), while PION has no specific location in the posterior part of the optic nerve and does not represent an ischaemic disorder of any definite artery. The most important step towards a logical understanding of the underlying causes, clinical features, pathogenesis and rational management of AION, is to understand the basic scientific issues involved; these are discussed in some detail. AION clinically is of two types: (1) that due to giant cell arteritis (arteritic AION: A-AION) and (2) non-arteritic AION (NA-AION). NA-AION, the more common of the two, is one of the most prevalent and visually crippling diseases in the middle-aged and elderly, and is potentially bilateral. NA-AION is a multifactorial disease, with many risk factors collectively contributing to its development. Although there is no known treatment for NA-AION, reduction of risk factors is important in decreasing chances of involvement of the second eye and of further episodes. Our studies have suggested that nocturnal arterial hypotension is an important risk factor for the development and progression of NA-AION. The role of nocturnal arterial hypotension in the pathogenesis of NA-AION and management of nocturnal hypotension is discussed. Potent antihypertensive drugs, when used aggressively and/or given at bedtime, are emerging as an important risk factor for nocturnal hypotension, and there is some evidence that NA-AION may be occurring as an iatrogenic disease in some individuals. A-AION, by contrast, is an ocular emergency and requires immediate treatment with systemic corticosteroids to prevent further visual loss. The clinical parameters which help to differentiate the two types of AION, and their respective management are discussed.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Circadian Rhythm , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluorescein Angiography , Fundus Oculi , Giant Cell Arteritis/complications , Humans , Hypotension/complications , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/diagnosis , Risk Factors
7.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 53(6): 53-62, dez. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-148535

ABSTRACT

A etiologia da neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior (NOIA) foi estudada em 328 pacientes consecutivos, examinados num período de 13 anos.A forma arterítica, causada especificamente pela arterite de células gigantes (NOIA-A), foi observada em 7,6 por cento dos casos, enquanto a forma näo arterítica (MOIA-NA) foi dividida no grupo idiopático (57,6 por cento) e no grupo de causas determinadas (34,8 por cento). Distúrbios hemodinâmicos de diferentes causas, embolias de origem cardíaca e arterial, distúrbios hematológicos trombogênicos, distúrbios oculares, doenças do tecido conectivo, sífilis, irradiaçäo, doença de Raynaud, uso de amiodarona, diabetes juvenil, e manipulaçäo cirúrgica foram encontrados como causa da NOIA-NA. Os achados do presente estudo foram comparados com os relatados na literatura. Este estudo demonstra que a etiologia da NOIA é extremamente diversa, justificando portanto extensa propedêutica no sentido de identificar os fatores causais e instituir a adequada abordagem terapêutica e profilática


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Anterior Eye Segment/blood supply , Ischemia/physiopathology , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Visual Acuity
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 57(4): 254-8, ago. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-147983

ABSTRACT

As formas arterítica e näo arterítica da neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior (NOIA-A e NOIA-NA) foram estudadas em 168 pacientes em relaçäo ao horário de início do déficit visual. Trinta por cento dos casos de NOIA-A e 64 por cento dos casos de NOIA-A ocorreram durante a noite, sendo a perda visual observada inicialmente quando os pacientes acordam pela manhä. Entre os pacientes com NOIA-NA 73 por cento do grupo idiopático e 44 por cento do grupo de causas determinadas desenvolveram a isquemia do nervo óptico durante a noite. Foi observada uma predominância estatisticamente significativa da ocorrência da NOIA-NA idiopática à noite. Este fato pode estar relacionado à queda da pressäo de perfusäo durante a noite, associada a alteraçöes estruturais do disco óptico que o tornam mais susceptível à isquemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Arteritis/physiopathology , Ischemia/diagnosis , Optic Nerve/blood supply
9.
Assiut Medical Journal. 1994; 18 (3): 173-8
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-31895

ABSTRACT

Fifty-four patients were studied. They were diagnosed as having AION in its either form. Forty-eight patients had non-arteritic AION. The mean +/- SD age of them was 60.5 +/- 9 years for males and 65 +/- 8.9 years for females. This study revealed that certain patients with systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus or both as well as patients with previous cerebrovascular or cardiovascular events were at a higher risk of developing the non- arteritic form of the disease. Hypertension was encountered in 44%, diabetes mellitus in 27% and atherosclerosis in 16.6%. The other six patients were diagnosed as having arteritic form of the disease. Giant cell arteritis was incriminated in four patients, while systemic lupus was found in one patient and the last patient was suffering from pulseless disease


Subject(s)
Optic Nerve/blood supply , Ischemia/physiopathology , Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology , Eye , Hypertension
10.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 1993. 400 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-150366

ABSTRACT

As formas arterítica e näo arterítica da neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior (NOIA-A e NOIA-NA respectivamente), foram estudadas em 328 pacientes (493 olhos) em relaçäo à distribuiçäo quanto à idade, ao sexo, à lateralidade, à incidência de bilateralidade, à frequência de pródromos, ao horário de início do déficit visual, à progressäo do déficit visual, à acuidade visual, às alteraçöes fundoscópicas e campimétricas, aos achados à angiografia fluoresceínica, às condiçöes sistêmicas associadas, e à evoluçäo. A NOIA-NA foi subdividida em um grupo idiopático e em um grupo de causas etiológicas determinadas, entre as quais se encontravam as vasculites por doenças do tecido conectivo, por sífilis e por irradiaçäo, os distúrbios hemodinâmicos; os distúrbios hematológicos; os disturbios oculares e outras causas. Vinte e cinco pacientes (7,6 por cento) apresentaram NOIA-A junto a manifestaçöes sistêmicas da arterite de células gigantes cujo diagnóstico foi confirmado por biópsia da artéria temporal superficial. As manifestaçöes sistêmicas mais comuns foram inapetência, adinamia, mialgias, artralgias e dolorimento na regiäo da artéria temporal superficial. A NOIA-NA foi encontrada em 303 pacientes (92,4 por cento), 189 (57,6 por cento) do grupo idiopático e 114 (42,4 por cento) do grupo de causas determinadas. A média das idades na NOIA-A foi 74 anos, enquanto na NOIA-NA foi 57 anos. Houve predominância do sexo feminino (64 por cento) na NOIA-A, e de masculino (58 por cento) na NOIA-NA. Näo foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as duas formas da NOIA em relaçäo à lateralidade e à incidência de bilateralidade (total 50,3 por cento). O intervalo entre o envolvimento dos olhos foi em geral, menor que quatro semanas na NOIA-A e maior que quatro semanas na NOIA-NA (p<0,05). Cefaléia e dor ocular foram os pródomos mais frequentemente encontrados, predominando na forma arterítica. Amaurose fugaz, fotopsias, escotomas e embaçamento visual ocorreram em proporçöes semelhantes em ambas as formas. Näo foi observada predominância de pródomos na NOIA-NA idiopática em relaçäo às de etiologia determinada. A baixa visual foi observada mais frequententemente ao acordar pela manhä, principalmente nos casos de NOIA-NA idiopática. Em 28 por cento dos casos havia progressäo do déficit visual nos primeiros dias ou semanas após sua instalaçäo, näo tendo sido observada diferenças significativas na taxa de progressäo entre as duas formas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Optic Nerve Diseases/pathology , Ischemia , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Academic Dissertation , Glaucoma/pathology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology
11.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 1992 Apr-Jun; 40(2): 66-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-69915

ABSTRACT

Presented here are case reports of two patients who became completely blind in both eyes following acute systemic hypotension - in one following bouts of vomiting and in the other after repeated gastrointestinal bleeding. Both patients had severe degree of anemia. There were no other risk factors for vascular disease such as arteriosclerosis or vasculitis.


Subject(s)
Anemia/complications , Blindness/etiology , Humans , Hypotension/complications , Infarction/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Optic Nerve/blood supply
12.
J Postgrad Med ; 1991 Jul; 37(3): 179-80
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-115311

ABSTRACT

A 22-year-old patient presented with a clinical picture of unilateral optic neuropathy following blunt trauma to the orbit. Clinical findings, fundus fluorescein angiography and neurophysiological studies were suggestive of an ischaemia, a rare etiology.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Ischemia/etiology , Male , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Orbit/injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications
13.
Rev. bras. biol ; 45(1/2): 13-9, fev.-maio 1985. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-1219

ABSTRACT

Na retina do gambá existem de 8 a 12 pares vasculares artério-venosos, que partem do disco óptico em direçäo à periferia retiniana; apresentam disposiçäo radial e näo se anastomosan entre si. Cada par vascular radial em seu trajeto periférico dá origem a ramos igualmente pareados, que se mantêm independentes entre si, até alcancarem nível capilar, que exibe a forma de alça. O nervo óptico apresenta plexo vascular na superfície epineural do qual se originam ramos que se dirigem, perpendicularmente, para o interior do nervo, onde têm direçäo paralela ao maior eixo do nervo e terminam, também, em capilares com formato de alça


Subject(s)
Animals , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Retina/blood supply , Opossums
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