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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0026, 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376786

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe an innovative animal model of eye transplantation used in rabbits. Methods: six Dutch-belted male rabbits were submitted to lateral orbitotomy in the right eye, wide retrobulbar anatomy exposure, dissection of the structures, identification and distal section of the optic nerve followed by anastomosis either by vicryl (group 1) or fibrin glue (group 2). Electroretinography recording was performed before the section of the optic nerve and every 30 seconds after, to monitor the function of retina. Left eye was used as control group. Results: After optic nerve resection and anastomosis, stable ERG amplitude of the right eye was lost after 302 seconds in group 1 and after 296 seconds on group 2. Left eye kept longer stable ERG amplitude curves. Conclusions: The animal model of whole eye transplantation was effective in describing a novel technique to be used in rabbits, with success of the anatomic procedure. Further studies will clarify the best anastomosis methods and maintenance of function of the receptor organ. Translational relevance: this animal model of whole eye transplantation provides a novel perspective for blind patients and the research models, since we describe a novel mammal animal model. This model can be used as basis of a human model of whole eye transplantation in future studies.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever uma técnica cirúrgica inovadora para transplante de olho em um modelo animal em coelhos. Métodos: Seis coelhos machos com Dutch Belted foram submetidos à orbitotomia lateral do olho direito, com ampla exposição da anatomia retrobulbar, dissecção do cone muscular, exposição e secção distal do nervo óptico seguida de anastomose por vicryl (Grupo 1) ou cola de fibrina (Grupo 2). O registro da eletrorretinografia foi realizado antes da secção do nervo óptico e a cada 30 segundos após, para monitorar a função da retina. O olho esquerdo foi usado como grupo controle. Resultados: Após a ressecção do nervo óptico, a estabilidade da amplitude da eletrorretinografia foi perdida no olho direito após 302 segundos no Grupo 1 e após 296 segundos no Grupo 2. O olho esquerdo manteve eletrorretinografia estável por períodos mais longos. Conclusão: O modelo animal de transplante total de olho foi eficaz em descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica para ser utilizada em laboratório com coelhos, com sucesso do procedimento anatômico. Novos estudos esclarecerão os melhores métodos de anastomose e manutenção da função do órgão receptor.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Optic Nerve/surgery , Retina/physiology , Electroretinography , Eye/transplantation , Orbit/surgery , Rabbits , Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology , Anastomosis, Surgical , Eye Enucleation , Models, Animal , Slit Lamp Microscopy
2.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 85(2): 157-161, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001545

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Endoscopic orbital surgery is a nascent field and new tools are required to assist with surgical planning and to ascertain the limits of the tumor resectability. Objective: We purpose to utilize three-dimensional radiographic reconstruction to define the theoretical lateral limit of endoscopic resectability of primary orbital tumors and to apply these boundary conditions to surgical cases. Methods: A three-dimensional orbital model was rendered in 4 representative patients presenting with primary orbital tumors using OsiriX open source imaging software. A 2-Dimensional plane was propagated between the contralateral nare and a line tangential to the long axis of the optic nerve reflecting the trajectory of a trans-septal approach. Any tumor volume falling medial to the optic nerve and/or within the space inferior to this plane of resectability was considered theoretically resectable regardless of how far it extended lateral to the optic nerve as nerve retraction would be unnecessary. Actual tumor volumes were then superimposed over this plan and correlated with surgical outcomes. Results: Among the 4 lesions analyzed, two were fully medial to the optic nerve, one extended lateral to the optic nerve but remained inferior to the plane of resectability, and one extended both lateral to the optic nerve and superior to the plane of resectability. As predicted by the three-dimensional modeling, a complete resection was achieved in all lesions except one that transgressed the plane of resectability. No new diplopia or vision loss was observed in any patient. Conclusion: Three-dimensional reconstruction enhances preoperative planning for endoscopic orbital surgery. Tumors that extend lateral to the optic nerve may still be candidates for a purely endoscopic resection as long as they do not extend above the plane of resectability described herein.


Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia orbital endoscópica é um campo emergente e são necessárias novas ferramentas para auxiliar no planejamento cirúrgico e determinar os limites da ressecabilidade tumoral. Objetivo: Usar a reconstrução radiográfica tridimensional para definir o limite lateral teórico de ressecabilidade endoscópica de tumores orbitais primários e aplicar essas condições de limites a casos cirúrgicos. Método: Um modelo orbital tridimensional foi aplicado a quatro pacientes representativos com tumores orbitais primários utilizando o software de imagem de fonte aberta OsiriX. Um plano bidimensional foi propagado entre a narina contralateral e uma linha tangencial ao eixo longo do nervo óptico que reflete a trajetória de uma abordagem transeptal. Qualquer volume de tumor situado medialmente ao nervo óptico e/ou dentro do espaço inferior a esse plano de ressecabilidade foi teoricamente considerado ressecável, independentemente de quão longe ele se estendia até o nervo óptico, pois a retração do nervo seria desnecessária. Os volumes reais do tumor foram então sobrepostos sobre esse plano e correlacionados com os resultados cirúrgicos. Resultados: Entre as quatro lesões analisadas, duas eram totalmente mediais ao nervo óptico, uma se estendia lateralmente ao nervo óptico, mas permaneceu inferior ao plano de ressecabilidade, e uma se estendia lateralmente ao nervo óptico e superior ao plano de ressecabilidade. Conforme previsto pelo modelo tridimensional, uma ressecção completa foi obtida em todas as lesões, exceto uma, que transgrediu o plano de ressecabilidade. Nenhuma nova diplopia ou perda de visão foi observada em qualquer paciente. Conclusão: A reconstrução tridimensional melhora o planejamento pré-operatório para a cirurgia orbital endoscópica. Os tumores que se estendem lateralmente ao nervo óptico podem ainda ser candidatos à ressecção puramente endoscópica, desde que não se estendam além do plano de ressecabilidade aqui descrito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Optic Nerve/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Neoplasms/surgery , Orbital Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Transanal Endoscopic Surgery/methods , Optic Nerve/surgery , Software , Orbital Neoplasms/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Burden , Preoperative Period
3.
SQUMJ-Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal. 2011; 11 (3): 407-411
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-122756

ABSTRACT

Late-onset visual loss is a complication of nerve entrapment and increased intracranial pressure. We hereby describe the first case in Eastern Africa. A 23 year-old lady presented with sudden blindness, headaches and body weakness. She had previously had treatment for multiple unexplained fractures. Findings of optic nerve entrapment explained this blindness. This case highlights the need to have a high index of suspicion in cases of unexplained fractures with late-onset blindness


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Vision Disorders/etiology , Intracranial Hypertension/complications , Papilledema/etiology , Blindness/etiology , Optic Nerve/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2009 Jul; 57(4): 305-306
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135965

ABSTRACT

We describe a vertical lid split orbitotomy approach to perform optic nerve sheath fenestration which was done in a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. A vertical lid split incision was used to enter the superomedial orbit and approach the optic nerve sheath. This approach resulted in a successful nerve sheath fenestration, with improvement in the patient's symptoms. The vertical lid split incision provides access to the optic nerve sheath with minimal morbidity and may be an option for optic nerve sheath decompression.


Subject(s)
Adult , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Eyelids/surgery , Female , Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/complications , Intracranial Hypertension/surgery , Optic Nerve/surgery , Orbit/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Vision Disorders/etiology
5.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 269-274, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-146520

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: There is currently no treatment proven effective for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Radial optic neurotomy (RON) has recently surfaced as a new treatment for the disorder, however, and we compare here the visual acuity (VA) and arteriovenous transit time (AVTT) following RON and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, uncontrolled study of 27 patients. Of 27 eyes diagnosed with CRVO, 16 were treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and 11 with RON. VA and fluorescein angiography were used to monitor the evolution of CRVO, and for follow-up. RESULTS: All patients underwent PRP or RON with no major complications. The difference between pre- and post-operative VA was not statistically significant for either group (p=0.092 on PRP; p=.0081 on RON). The change in AVTT was also not statistically significant for either group (p=0.024 on PRP; p=0.027 on RON). Ultimately, we found no statistically-significant difference in comparing VA and AVTT for the two groups (p=0.074 on VA; p=0.510 on AVTT). CONCLUSIONS: No evidence supporting the effectiveness of RON could be found in this study, suggesting that surgical decompression by RON may not be effective for treating CRVO. Further studies regarding the efficacy of RON should be made.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Female , Aged , Adult , Visual Acuity , Treatment Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Retinal Vein Occlusion/pathology , Retina/surgery , Optic Nerve/surgery , Laser Coagulation/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Decompression, Surgical/methods
6.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 60(2): 67-73, dic. 2003. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-410377

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar resultados quirúrgicos de pacientes sometidos a vitrectomía y neurotomía óptica radial (RON) en trombosis de vena central de la retina (TVCR). Métodos: 20 pacientes con TVCR intervenidos de RON, seguimiento a 3 y 12 meses, visión estandarizada ETDRS, OCT, angiofluoresceinografía. Resultados: Agudeza visual mejor o igual en 75 por ciento (45 por ciento superior a 0,1), mejora angiográfica y reducción del grosor foveal OCT (650u preop. vs 293u postop.) Se observó edema macular persistente 20 por ciento hemorragia vítrea y catarata en un 15 por ciento. Seguimiento promedio 12 meses. Conclusión: La Neurotomía Óptica radial mostró utilidad acelerando la resolución del cuadro. Los resultados visuales fueron levemente superiores a la evolución natural de la enfermedad, después de 12 meses de seguimiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Optic Nerve/surgery , Retinal Vein Occlusion/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Vitrectomy
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(4): 401-407, jul.-ago. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-315439

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia da descompressão da bainha do nervo óptico (DBNQ) realizada em olhos com papiledema e perda visual, de pacientes com pseudotumor cerebral. Métodos: Foram estudados 17 pacientes (24 olhos) submetidos á descompressão da bainha do nervo óptico entre janeiro de 1991 e janeiro de 1999:Todos tinham diagnóstico de pseudotumor cerebral e foram operados por apresentar perda da acuidade (AV) e/ou do campo visual (CV). Duas pacientes não toleraram o tratamento clínico com diuréticos e corticóides e; nos demais, a medicação não surtiu efeito satisfatório. Quatro pacientes já haviam sido submetidas à derivação lombo-peritoneal. Resultados: A cirurgia foi unilateral em dez pacientes e bilateral em sete. Quatro tiveram cirurgia bilateral e simultânea devido à gravidade da perda visual. A acuidade visual e/ou o campos visuais melhorou em 14, permaneceu inalterada em :9 e piorou em apenas 1 dos 24 olhos operados. A paciente que apresentou piora já. tinha perda visual acentuadas rapidamente progressiva, com apenas uma ilha, paracentral de visão e conta dedos no pré operatório. Houve resolução do edema em todos os olhos operados, seguido do atrofia óptica em muitos deles. Os pacientes que não melhoraram a função, visual foram aqueles operados já com perda acentuada da função visual. Hemorragia : moderada transoperatória ocorreu em duas cirurgias. Conclusões: A descompressão da bainha do nervo óptico pode ser, útil para proteger a função visual de pacientes com papiledema por pseudotumor cerebral que não respondem adequadamente ao tratamento clínico, além de.poder servir como tratamento complementar para pacientes já submetidos à derivação lombo-peritoneal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Optic Nerve/surgery , Papilledema , Pseudotumor Cerebri , Papilledema , Pseudotumor Cerebri , Visual Acuity , Visual Fields
8.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 55(2): 70-73, mar.-abr. 2001. ilus, tab, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-326830

ABSTRACT

Presentamos una revisión bibliográfica y experiencia en descompresión del nervio óptico en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Central Militar en pacientes con neuropatía óptica postraumática y neuropatía óptica compresiva por displasia fibrosa, con el propósito de mostrar la utilidad de la descompresión quirúrgica en dichas patologías.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Decompression/methods , Optic Nerve/surgery , Optic Nerve Injuries/surgery , Debridement
9.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 16: 17-24, 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282269

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el uso de acceso de Dolenc para aneurismas paraclinoídeos en una serie prospectiva de 8 pacientes operados con esta técnica entre Noviembre de 1999 y Abril de 2000. Hubo comlicaciones transitorias en dos pacientes y una complicación permanente en una paciente con aneurisma fusiforme de carótida, quién presentó un infarto de la arteria coroídea anterior. Hubo 2 compromisos de nervio óptico postquirúrgico ( 25 porciento). No hubo mortalidad en la serie. Especial énfasis se da al trabajo en equipo y a la planificación prequirúrgica para el manejo de esta patología


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Adult , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Craniotomy/methods , Intracranial Aneurysm/classification , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Optic Nerve/surgery
10.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 55(3): 148-51, mar. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232684

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El síndrome cerebral perdedor de sal (SCPS) es un trastorno hidroelectrolítico en pacientes con lesión cerebral, clasificado en ocasiones en forma errónea como síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética (SSIHAD), ya que ambos presentan hiponatremias; sin embargo, sus manifestaciones clínicas y tratamiento son diferentes. Existen pocos informes de este síndrome en pacientes pediátricos. Caso clínico. Lactante de 9 meses con diagnóstico de astrocitoma pilocítico del nervio óptico, que en el cuarto día de postoperado presento deterioro neurológico, choque hipovolémico, hiponatremia, uresis y natriuresis aumentadas. Se descartó alteracion endocrina y renal. El tratamiento fue con reposición de líquidos y sodio. Conclusión. Se discute la importancia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad, así como las características clínicas con relación a las informadas en la literatura


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Astrocytoma/complications , Astrocytoma/surgery , Atrial Natriuretic Factor , Fluid Therapy , Optic Nerve/anatomy & histology , Optic Nerve/surgery , Pediatrics , Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/diagnosis , Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/therapy , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/administration & dosage , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use , Hypertonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Hypertonic Solutions/therapeutic use
11.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 19-24, 1998.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-10934

ABSTRACT

In order to elucidate in vivo neuronal cell death in the retina, and involvement of NF-kappa B in this process, we studied the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the activation of NF-kappa B after transection of the optic nerve of adult rat at 5 mm from the eyeball. The morphology of dying ganglion cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer was observed by light and electron microscopy, the activation of NF-kappa B was investigated immunohistochemically. Seven and 14 days post-axotomy, dying cells contained pyknotic nuclei. The death of retinal ganglion cells involved apoptosis, activation of NF-kappa B (p50 and p65) was prominent in a time dependent manner. We observed axotomy-induced NF-kappa B activation, which may mediate apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.


Subject(s)
Male , Rats , Animals , Apoptosis/physiology , Axotomy , Immunohistochemistry , Microscopy, Electron , NF-kappa B/biosynthesis , Optic Nerve/surgery , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Retinal Ganglion Cells/ultrastructure , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism
12.
Rev. oftalmol. venez ; 51(3-4): 53-9, jul.-dic. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-259401

ABSTRACT

La descompresión quirúrgica de la vaina del nervio óptico ha sido utilizada en diversas patologías, pero su principal indicación en la actualidad la constituye el pseudotumor cerebri. Se revisan las historias e información disponibles de todos los pacientes a quienes se les ha practicado DVNO (Descompresión de la Vaina del Nervio Optico) en nuestro país. El total fue de 12 pacientes (18 n) entre noviembre de 1987 y agosto de 1994, con edades entre los 6 y 47 años. Se encontró mejoría visual en nueve ojos (60 por ciento), se mantiene sin cambios en cuatro ojos (60 por ciento) y empeoró en dos (13,33 por ciento). Hubo mejoría en la agudeza visual en los ojos contralaterales no sometidos a cirugía de tres pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Papilledema/surgery , Papilledema/complications , Papilledema/diagnosis , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Optic Nerve/surgery , Optic Nerve/pathology , Ophthalmology
13.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 51(6): 395-9, dez. 1992. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-128698

ABSTRACT

Paciente portadora de polipose etmóide-esfenoidal de grandes proporçöes e provável mucocele efenoidal, desenvolveu neuropatia óptica compressiva bilateral que ocasionou cegueira em um olho e acentuada baixa de visäo no outro. A descompressäo cirúrgica, apesar de ter sido realizada 90 (noventa) dias após a instalaçäo dos sintomas, permitiu a recuperaçäo visual quase completa em ambos os olhos


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Mucocele/diagnosis , Optic Nerve/surgery , Sphenoid Sinusitis/therapy , Blindness/prevention & control , Optic Nerve/injuries
14.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Oftalmol ; 10(1/2): 12-5, ene.-dic. 1989. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-107266

ABSTRACT

De un protocolo de leucocoria, nosotros examinamos a 36 pacientes con retinoblastoma a los cuales se les realizó un estudio clínico; a 24 pacientes se les practicó examen histopatológico del globo enucleado. Se encontraron casos de retinoblastoma bilateral (22.3 por ciento), con invasión al nervio óptico (80 por ciento), órbita (44 por ciento) y con metástasis (11.1 por ciento)


Subject(s)
Retinoblastoma/complications , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/therapy , Radiotherapy , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 , Chromosome Aberrations , Ultrasonography , Neoplasm Metastasis , Optic Nerve/surgery , Optic Nerve/pathology
15.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 46(1): 27-33, abr. 1986. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-46075
17.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 48-55, 1969.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-191411

ABSTRACT

Group totalling 55 young rabbits (both sexes), whose right optic nerves had been severed intraorbitally, were fed for 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks respectively. The retina of the left eye was used as a control and that of the right eye for the experiment. The histochemical changes of cholinesterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in the reitna after to severance of the optic nerve were observed for 8 weeks after section. In the retina of the young rabbit, whose visual connection to the central nervous system was blocked, there was a decreasing specific cholinesterase activity beginning at the 4th week after the section of it. By the 8th week, the enzyme activity in the perikaryon of the ganglion cell and the inner plexiform layer was considerably decreased. Acid phosphatase activity in the young rabbit's retina peaked at the 2nd week, but decreaseed below normal after the 4th week. This rapid decline of acid phosphatase activity was characteristic in the experimental retinae and was in contrast to the rather slow alteration of enzymatic activity in neurons undergoing wallerian degeneration. Pyroninophilic granules contained in neural cytoplasm of the retina were affected by the surgical blocking of the visual connection with the central nervous system. By the 4th week the granules had partially disappeared from the perikaryon of the ganglion cell and from the inner nuclear layer. Consequently, as the result of histochemical studies, firstly it is postulated that the gradual decline of specific cholinesterase activity in the rabbit's retina was closely related to the intraorbital blocking of the optic nerve, and secondly, that the typical degeneration of the ganglion cell in the ganglion cell layer (which was associated with a partial disappearance of the ganglion cell) was related to the changes in the acid phosphatase activity and alteration of the pyroninophilic granules in the retina following optic nerve transection.


Subject(s)
Rabbits , Acid Phosphatase/metabolism , Animals , Cholinesterases/metabolism , Histocytochemistry , Nerve Degeneration , Neurons/enzymology , Optic Nerve/surgery , Retina/enzymology , Cholinesterases , Acid Phosphatase
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