ABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complicationsABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complicationsABSTRACT
We report a very rare case of odontogenic orbital cellulitis causing blindness by severe tension orbit. A 41-yr old male patient had visited the hospital due to severe periorbital swelling and nasal stuffiness while he was treated for a periodontal abscess. He was diagnosed with odontogenic sinusitis and orbital cellulitis, and treated with antibiotics. The symptoms were aggravated and emergency sinus drainage was performed. On the next day, a sudden decrease in vision occurred with findings of ischemic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion. Deformation of the eyeball posterior pole into a cone shape was found from the orbital CT. A high-dose steroid was administered immediately resulting in improvements of periorbital swelling, but the patient's vision had not recovered. Odontogenic orbital cellulitis is relatively rare, but can cause blindness via rapidly progressing tension orbit. Therefore even the simplest of dental problems requires careful attention.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Blindness/diagnosis , Drainage , Fluorescein Angiography , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Orbit/physiopathology , Orbital Cellulitis/diagnosis , Retinal Artery Occlusion/complications , Sinusitis/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tooth RootABSTRACT
Ischemic optic neuropathies (IONs) consist primarily of two types: anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION). AION comprises arteritic AION (A-AION: due to giant cell arteritis) and non-arteritic AION (NA-AION: due to other causes). PION consists of arteritic PION (A-PION: due to giant cell arteritis), non-arteritic PION (NA-PION: due to other causes), and surgical PION (a complication of several systemic surgical procedures). These five types of ION are distinct clinical entities etiologically, pathogenetically, clinically and from the management point of view. In the management of AION, the first crucial step with patients aged 50 and over is to identify immediately whether it is arteritic or not because A-AION is an ophthalmic emergency and requires urgent treatment with high-dose steroid therapy to prevent any further visual loss in one or both eyes. Patients with NA-AION, when treated with systemic corticosteroid therapy within first 2 weeks of onset, had significantly better visual outcome than untreated ones. Systemic risk factors, particularly nocturnal arterial hypotension, play major roles in the development of NA-AION; management of them is essential in its prevention and management. NA-PION patients, when treated with high-dose systemic steroid therapy during the very early stages of the disease, showed significant improvement in visual acuity and visual fields, compared to untreated eyes. A-PION, like A-AION, requires urgent treatment with high-dose steroid therapy to prevent any further visual loss in one or both eyes. There is no satisfactory treatment for surgical PION, except to take prophylactic measures to prevent its development.
Subject(s)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Emergency Medical Services , Giant Cell Arteritis/complications , Humans , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/classification , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/drug therapy , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Risk Factors , Steroids/administration & dosage , Vision Disorders/etiology , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/drug effects , Visual Fields/drug effectsABSTRACT
A 55-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because of a one-week history of visual loss and raised intraocular pressure in the left eye followed 4 days later by visual loss in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination showed bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, slight diffuse corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber and fixed and dilated pupil in both eyes. Splitting of the anterior layers of the iris with fibrillar degeneration extending for approximately one quadrant inferiorly was presented in each eye. Fundus examination showed opitc disc edema with no vascular tortuosity and no cup in both eyes. The condition was treated as bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with irisdoschisis. After medical treatment and improvement of visual acuity, perimetry revealed a significant visual field defect especially in left eye; this case represents a rare concurrence of acute angle-closure glaucoma and bilateral nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. Although most cases of elevated intraocular pressure, including acute angle-closure glaucoma, do not result in optic disc edema and irreversible vision loss, variations in the vascular supply of the nerve optic head along with others ocular systemic risk factors, may predispose certain individuals to nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy during periods of elevated intraocular pressure.
Paciente de 55 anos, sexo feminino, encaminhada para nosso serviço com história de perda de visão e aumento da pressão intraocular no olho esquerdo há uma semana seguida quatro dias após de perda visual no olho direito. À biomicroscopia hiperemia conjuntival bilateral, edema difuso da córnea, câmara anterior rasa e pupilas fixas e dilatadas em ambos os olhos. Separação do folheto anterior da íris no quadrante inferior estava presente em ambos os olhos. O exame do fundo do olho mostrava edema de disco sem tortuosidade vascular e sem escavação em ambos os olhos. O quadro clínico foi tratado como crise de fechamento angular bilateral num paciente com iridosquise. Após tratamento clínico e iridotomia bilateral com melhora da acuidade visual, a perimetria computadorizada revelou grave perda de campo visual, especialmente no olho esquerdo; este caso representa a rara ocorrência simultânea de crise de fechamento angular e neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior não-arterítica bilateral. Embora a maioria dos casos com pressão intraocular elevada, incluindo crise de fechamento angular, não resulta em edema de disco e perda visual irreverssível, variações no suprimento vascular da cabeça do nervo óptico associados com outros fatores de risco sistêmicos, podem predispor certos indivíduos à neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior durante períodos de elevação da pressão intraocular.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/complications , Iris Diseases/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/surgery , Iris Diseases/surgery , Microscopy, Acoustic , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/surgeryABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de arteritis de células gigantes con escasos criterios clínicos, VHS y PCR normal con neuropatía óptica isquémica posterior. Se hace una pequeña revisión del tema discutiéndose la importancia de la sospecha diagnóstica a pesar de los criterios clínicos y de laboratorios clásicamente descritos, destacando la importancia de la biopsia para el diagnóstico definitivo para el comienzo de la terapia específica, pilar fundamental para el pronóstico ocular y sistémico.
A case of giant cell arteritis with low clinical criteria, VHS and normal PCR with posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. A small review of the topic discussed the importance of the suspected diagnosis despite the clinical and laboratory criteria traditionally described, highlighting the importance of biopsy for definitive diagnosis for the commencement of specific therapy, a fundamental pillar for the ocular prognosis and systemic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Giant Cell Arteritis/complications , Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/etiology , Giant Cell Arteritis/pathology , Biopsy , Blood Sedimentation , C-Reactive Protein , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Vision Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical manifestations and diagnoses of optic disc swelling. METHODS: The medical records of 49 patients who experienced optic disc swelling between March 2008 and June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) and optic neuritis (ON), which showed optic disc swelling most commonly, were compared. RESULTS: NA-AION was the most common disorder (34.7%) that presented with optic disc swelling. ON was identified in 15 patients (30.6%). Seven out of 49 patients (14.3%) had intracranially associated diseases, such as papilledema and compressive optic neuropathy. Pseudopapilledema was noted in four patients (8.2%). Other diseases (e.g., papillophlebitis, neuroretinitis, and diabetic papillopathy) were seen in six patients (12.2%). Ocular pain was observed more commonly in patients with ON (p = 0.001). Patients with ON expected a better visual prognosis than patients with NA-AION (0.12 +/- 0.32 vs. 0.49 +/- 0.35, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NA-AION and ON should be considered in the differential diagnosis when patients with optic disc swelling present to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic. Detailed history taking and supportive examinations, such as visual field, color-vision and imaging tests, should also be performed as indicated. Regular follow-up of such exams is necessary for the differential diagnosis of these diseases.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Optic Nerve Diseases/complications , Optic Neuritis/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Papilledema/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
In young and middle age subjects, spontaneous carotid dissection is an increasingly recognized cause of ischemic stroke. Their usual presentation is facial pain with a Horner syndrome and a contra lateral paresis. Blindness has been reported as a presenting symptom in only a few cases. We report a 50 years old man who presented with amblyopia in the left eye, without periocular pain. Fundoscopy showed papilledema and a peripapillar hemorrhage, compatible with an ischemic optic neuropathy. A magnetic resonance angiography confirmed a left carotid dissection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blindness/etiology , Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/etiologyABSTRACT
Propósito: descrever as características epidemiológicas e o quadro clínico numa série de pacientes com neuropatia óptica isquêmica associada a enxaqueca, enfatizando sua relaçäo causal. Métodos: os casos dos pacientes com diagnóstico de NOI associados a enxaqueca, examinados num período de 17 anos, foram revistos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a completo exame oftalmológico e a propedêutica laboratorial complementar adequada para afastar outras etiologias da perda visual. A enxaqueca foi considerada como causa de NOI quando havia uma relaçäo temporal entre o ataque de enxaqueca e a perda visual, quando havia história de perda visual monocular transitória em episódios prévios de enxaqueca. Havia 14 mulheres e 4 homens com idades entre 11 e 53 anos (média: 31,4). Dois pacientes apresentavam envolvimento bilateral. Nos casos unilaterais o olho direito foi envolvido em 11 pacientes, e o olho esquerdo em cinco
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/complications , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic/complicationsABSTRACT
La etiopatogenia de la papilopatía diabética es incierta. La neuropatía óptica isquémica anterior (NOIA) determina alteración visual irreversible; puede presentarse en jóvenes en forma recurrente y entre sus causas se reconoce a la diabetes mellitus. Se presenta un paciente diabético con diagnóstico de papilopatía bilateral, con cuadrantopsia inferonasal de ambos ojos, persistente por más de 12 meses, y en directa relación con no perfusión angiográfica en cuadrantes superotemporales de ambas papilas. Y otro caso de paciente que inicia su enfermedad con papilopatía tipo NOIA, y que su estudio determina diabetes mellitus. Se concluye que en algunos casos de papilopatía diabética puede existir relación directa con NOIA