[Effect of organic acids and formaldehyde on morphology of broiler intestine and salmonella reduction in feed]

Control of poultry feed microbial contamination could reduce carcass contamination at processing plants and resultin improvement of public health. In this study the effects of commercial blend of organic acids [Salkil[Registered] and Formycine[Registered]], formalin 37% and formaldehyde gas on morphology of intestinal mucosa and gut microflora in broilers were investigated. Three hundreds 1-d-old chicks [Ross 308] were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 4 replications of 15 birds. The first group was control and fed basal diet without supplemental of additives. The groups 2 to 5 fed diets treated by: 0.2% Salkil, 0. 2% formalin, 0. 1% Formycine and formaldehyde gas throughout the experiment[d42]. Among the experimental groups, formaldehyde destroyed Salmonella enteritidis of feed in short time. Number of tongue and leaf shape villi [p<0. 01] at the age of 28 days, ridge shape [p<0.05] at the ages of 14 and 42 days and number of villi per view field at the ages of 28 [p<0.01] and 42 [p<0.05] days were provided some visible evidence from the effect of diet regiment. Treatments had significant effects on the villus height [p<0.01] at the age of 14 days, depth of the crypts [p<0.05] and height/width ratio of the villus [p<0.05] at the age of 28 days.Villus heigth of chickens that received Formycine was also longer than other experimental groups through out the study

Resposta de vacas leiteiras à substituição total de milho por polpa cítrica e à suplementação com microminerais orgânicos I: consumo e digestão / Response of lactating cows to the total replacement of corn by citrus pulp and to the supplementation of organic trace minerals I: intake and digestion

Avaliou-se a resposta de vacas leiteiras à substituição total de milho maduro finamente moído por polpa cítrica peletizada. O teor dietético do milho foi 10 por cento e o de polpa 24 por cento nos tratamentos com milho, e o de polpa foi 33 por cento nas dietas exclusivas com polpa. Simultaneamente, foi avaliada a substituição total de fontes inorgânicas de Cu, Mn, Se, Zn e Cr por fontes orgânicas. Quatro dietas baseadas em silagem de milho foram geradas por arranjo fatorial dos dois fatores. Dezesseis vacas receberam os tratamentos em quadrado latino 4x4. O efeito da substituição de fontes inorgânicas por fontes orgânicas de microminerais não foi conclusivo. O consumo diário de matéria seca foi 19,4kg na polpa e 20,5kg na dieta com milho (P=0,03). O consumo de matéria orgânica digestível foi maior nas dietas com milho (P<0,01). Houve tendência de queda na taxa fracional de degradação ruminal in situ da MS da silagem de milho (P=0,11) e de aumento no tamanho da fração indigestível (P=0,15) nas dietas com milho, sugerindo que a degradação de forragens não determinou o menor consumo nas dietas com polpa. A substituição total de milho por polpa cítrica pode reduzir o consumo e a digestibilidade.

The response of lactating cows to the total replacement of finely ground mature corn by pelleted citrus pulp was evaluated. Treatments with corn contained 10 percent corn and 24 percent citrus pulp while citrus diets contained 33 percent citrus pulp. The complete replacement of inorganic sources of Cu, Mn, Se, Zn, and Cr by organic sources was simultaneously evaluated. Four corn silage based diets were generated by a factorial arrangement of the two factors. Sixteen cows received the treatments in 4x4 latin squares. The effect of substituting inorganic by organic mineral sources was not conclusive. Daily dry matter intake was 19.4kg for citrus diets and 20.5kg with corn (P=0.03). The digestible organic matter intake was increased by corn supplementation (P<0.01). There was a trend for a decreased fractional rate of in situ ruminal degradation of corn silage dry matter (P=0.11) and for increased size of the indigestible fraction (P=0.15) in diets with corn, suggesting that degradation of forages did not determine the lower intake for citrus diets. The total substitution of corn by citrus pulp may decrease intake and digestibility.

Ototoxicidad en trabajadores expuestos a disolventes orgánicos / Ototoxicity in workers exposed to organic solvents

Objetivo: describir los efectos ototóxicos que provocan diversas mezclas de disolventes orgánicos en trabajadores expuestos. Diseño: estudio observacional, descriptivo y comparativo de trabajadores activos, expuestos y no expuestos a mezclas de disolventes orgánicos. Material y métodos: 111 trabajadores de tres empresas expuestos directamente a disolventes orgánicos en las áreas de producción; y 111 de un centro hospitalario, no expuestos. Se registraron los resultados de los estudios audiométricos, los de la medición ambiental de disolventes orgánicos y de sonidos de gran magnitud en el medio ambiente laboral.Resultados: los trabajadores expuestos a disolventes orgánicos tuvieron un riesgo 12 veces mayor para alteraciones auditivas, a diferencia de los no expuestos, con una p < 0.0008 (IC95 por ciento = 1.21-84.29). La ototoxicidad se caracterizó por cortipatía bilateral. No se identificó sintomatología en ninguno de los grupos examinados. Resultados: de los trabajadores expuestos, 63 presentaron hipoacusia sensorial superficial o media, identificada a través de estudios audiométricos y con diapasón; el perfil fue característico. En los restantes no se observó daño auditivo. De los trabajadores no expuestos, cinco presentaron alteraciones auditivas ocasionadas por procesos infecciosos. Conclusión: la frecuencia de cortipatía bilateral en trabajadores expuestos laboralmente a mezclas de disolventes fue mayor que en el grupo no expuesto. El daño predominante fue hipoacusia sensorial, superficial o media.