La sed ¿un mecanismo suficiente para lograr euhidratación?: una revisión narrativa / Is thirst sufficient as a mechanism for achieving euhydration? a narrative review

Capitán, C. y Aragón, L.F. (2023). La sed ¿un mecanismo suficiente para lograr euhidratación?: una revisión narrativa. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-16. El papel de la percepción de sed para mantener el balance hídrico ha sido ampliamente estudiado, tanto durante el ejercicio como después de este. Sin embargo, la forma de evaluarla y la eficacia de los instrumentos existentes son aún áreas que necesitan más investigación. El objetivo de esta revisión fue integrar, de forma general, la información disponible en la literatura sobre el funcionamiento del mecanismo de la sed como respuesta a la deshidratación durante y después del ejercicio. Se explican los mecanismos fisiológicos y las respuestas de estos durante y posterior al ejercicio; además, se describen los instrumentos disponibles en la literatura científica, sus debilidades y fortalezas, y se plantea una serie de preguntas que aún no tienen respuesta en el área. En esta revisión se presenta el aspecto teórico de los mecanismos de la sed, además, se discuten los estudios científicos que respaldan o refutan el comportamiento de estos mecanismos en el ejercicio. Finalmente, se hace un resumen de las principales conclusiones extraídas de la literatura científica sobre la sed como un mecanismo suficiente para prevenir la deshidratación tanto durante como después del ejercicio.

Capitán, C. y Aragón, L.F. (2023). Is thirst sufficient as a mechanism for achieving euhydration? a narrative review. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-16. The role of thirst perception for keeping hydric balance, both during and after exercise, has been extensively studied. However, the way to assess it and the effectiveness of the existing instruments are areas that still require further research. The objective of this review is to integrate, in a general way, the information available in the literature on the functioning of the thirst mechanism as a response to dehydration during and after exercise. The physiological mechanisms and their responses during and after exercise are explained. In addition, a description of the instruments available in scientific literature is included, together with their weaknesses and strengths, and a series of as yet unanswered questions in this area are raised. This review presents the theoretical aspect of thirst mechanisms, and discusses the scientific studies that support or refute the behavior of these mechanisms in exercise. Finally, a summary is made of the major conclusions drawn from the scientific literature on thirst as a sufficient mechanism to prevent dehydration both during and after exercise.

Capitán, C. y Aragón, L.F. (2023). A sede é um mecanismo suficiente para alcançar a hidratação? uma revisão narrativa. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-16. O papel da percepção da sede na manutenção do equilíbrio hídrico tem sido amplamente estudado, tanto durante quanto após o exercício. Entretanto, como avaliá-la e a eficácia dos instrumentos existentes ainda são áreas que necessitam de mais pesquisas. Esta revisão visou integrar, de forma geral, as informações disponíveis na literatura sobre o funcionamento do mecanismo da sede em resposta à desidratação durante e após o exercício. Ele explica os mecanismos fisiológicos e suas respostas durante e após o exercício, descreve os instrumentos disponíveis na literatura científica, seus pontos fracos e fortes, e levanta uma série de questões que permanecem sem resposta no campo. Esta revisão apresenta o aspecto teórico dos mecanismos da sede e discute os estudos científicos que respaldam ou refutam o comportamento desses mecanismos no exercício. Finalmente, é feito um resumo das principais conclusões extraídas da literatura científica sobre a sede como mecanismo suficiente para prevenir a desidratação tanto durante quanto após o exercício.

Fluid intake, hydration status and body mass changes in U-15 judo athletes during a training day

Despite numerous studies related to dehydration there is still a lack of scientific literature presenting hydration status and fluid intake of judo athletes during different periods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, fluid intake, hydration status and body weight changes of young judo athletes during a typical day of training in preparation period. Twenty-two young judo athletes (age: 12 ± 0.7 y, experience: 3.5 ± 1.1) voluntarily participated in this study. Hydration status and weight were examined in the morning, before and immediately after the training. All athletes trained 90 min and they consumed fluids ad libitum during the exercise. According to morning urine specific gravity (USG) values, 81.2% of the athletes were dehydrated while only 18.8% of the athletes were euhydrated. Pre-training urine measurements showed that 63.64% of the athletes presented dehydration and 77.27% of the athletes completed the training in dehydrated condition despite fluid availability during the training. Mean body weight loss during training was -0.64 ± 0.66%. It can be concluded that young judo athletes presented high prevalence of dehydration as indicated by USG values. Most of the athletes were dehydrated during a typical training day and completed the training in more dehydrated conditions compared to pre training values despite ad libitum fluid intake. It is of great importance to evaluate hydration status of the athletes before training to refrain from common practice of fluid restriction for weight loss and adverse effects of a persistent state of fluid deficit on physical and health related state.

Atención de enfermería en adultos jóvenes con insuficiencia renal aguda: Revisión narrativa / Nursing care in young adults with acute kidney failure: Narrative review

El daño renal está reconocido como la reducción de la función renal, el cual se ve generalmente reflejado por una caída en la diuresis. A nivel mundial, el porcentaje de personas que padece daño renal va en aumento, esto debido a múltiples aspectos. En este sentido, se reconoce que el personal de enfermería es quien idóneamente tiene un gran rol en la educación de la población, para la prevención del daño renal agudo, previniendo con ello el daño renal crónico. De esta manera, en el escrito se abordan aspectos generales más relevantes, de la hidratación, la alimentación, la actividad física, el consumo de alcohol, la automedicación y la prevención de infecciones de las vías urinarias, como parte de los aspectos modificables y en los que las personas tienen directa injerencia en sus acciones, con la debida información, con los que el personal de enfermería puede reforzar sus recursos en materia de educación a la población. De la misma manera, se muestran estudios de diseño cuasiexperimental, como una manera de resaltar que puede medirse el impacto de la educación en la población en una época en donde requerimos tener mayor evidencia de la efectividad de las intervenciones que realicemos.

Renal insufficiency it is recognized as the reduction of the renal function, reflected by the decreased urine output. Worldwide, the amount of people whom have renal insufficiency it is growing, by many reasons. Because of this, is recognized that nursing staff is the best option at the population education, in order to prevent acute renal insufficiency, preventing with this, chronical renal insufficiency. In this document, it is possible to review, the most important general aspects of hydration, feeding, physical activity, alcohol consumption, self-medication and prevention of urinary tract infections, as part of modifiable aspects that people handle as part of their personal health actions, with the proper information, with which nursing staff can strengthen their resources in health education to the population. In this way, this paper shows some quasi-experimental studies, as a way to highlight that it is possible to measure the impact of population education, in a moment that the health system requires more evidence of the effectiveness of the interventions.

Bioelectrical vector analysis in obese adolescents / Análise vetorial por bioimpedância em adolescentes obesos

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the hydration of obese and non-obese adolescents by vectorial bioimpedance analysis, in addition to verifying the associations between obesity and bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis (BIVA) parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study with adolescents between 14 and 18 years old (n=489, 300 boys and 189 girls). Electric bioimpedance (BIA; Quantum_II, RJL system, Rome, Italy) provided resistance and reactance parameters to calculate phase angle (PA), fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat (%BF). The confidence ellipses were compared, and the construction of the tolerance ellipses allowed individual and qualitative evaluation of the vectors and classification in dehydrated, normohydrated and hyperhydrated. Results: 78 obese and 411 eutrophic adolescents participated. Resistance (p<0.001) and reactance (p<0.001) and their normalization by stature (p<0.001) were reduced in the obese, whereas the PA was higher (p=0.003). %BF was 11.3% higher in obese adolescents. The main vector of the obese, both male (D=1.38; p<0.001) and female (D=1.49; p<0.001), indicated greater hydration. The ellipse of tolerance of the total sample showed that 25 (32.1%) were hyperhydrated and 02 (2.6%) vectors positioned in the sense of dehydration. A total of 17 (53.2%) girls and 16 (34.8%) boys were hyperhydrated. Logistic regression showed an inverse relation of BMI with resistance (p<0.001), reactance (p<0.001) and both normalized by stature. Adolescents with increased PA (p<0.001) were twice as likely to present obesity. Conclusions: Obese adolescents were hyperhydrated and there was an inverse relationship of BMI with resistance and direct with PA.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a hidratação de adolescentes obesos e não obesos por meio dos gráficos da análise vetorial por bioimpedância (BIVA), além de verificar as associações entre a obesidade e os parâmetros da BIVA. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos (n=489, 300 meninos e 189 meninas). A bioimpedância elétrica (BIA; Quantum_II, RJL system, Roma, Itália) ofereceu os parâmetros de resistência e reactância para calcular o ângulo de fase (AF), a massa livre de gordura (MLG) e a gordura corporal (GC). As elipses de confiança foram comparadas e a construção das elipses de tolerância permitiu a avaliação individual e a qualitativa dos vetores e, ainda, a classificação em desidratados, normohidratados e hiper-hidratados. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 78 adolescentes obesos e 411 eutróficos. A resistência (p<0,001), a reactância (p<0,001) e a normalização desses pela estatura (p<0,001) estavam reduzidas nos obesos, enquanto o AF foi superior (p=0,003). O percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) foi 11,3% maior nos adolescentes obesos. O vetor principal dos obesos, tanto masculino (Distância de Mahalanobis (D)=1,38; p<0,001) quanto feminino (D=1,49; p<0,001), indicou maior hidratação. A elipse de tolerância da amostra total mostrou que 25 adolescentes (32,1%) estavam hiper-hidratados e dois (2,6%) vetores posicionados no sentido de desidratação. Dezessete (53,2%) meninas e 16 (34,8%) meninos estavam hiper-hidratados. A regressão logística mostrou relação inversa do índice de massa corpórea (IMC) com a resistência (p<0,001) e a reactância (p<0,001), ambas normalizadas pela estatura. Os adolescentes com aumento do AF (p<0,001) apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de serem classificados como obesos. Conclusões: Os adolescentes obesos estavam hiper-hidratados e houve relação inversa do IMC com a resistência e direta com o AF.

Impacto del componente hiperclorémico de la acidosis metabólica en el estado de hidratación y en el tratamiento de la cetoacidosis diabética / Impact of the hyperchloremic component of metabolic acidosis on the patient's hydration status and the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis

Introducción. La cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) se caracteriza por acidosis metabólica (AM) con anión restante (AR) elevado, aunque, ocasionalmente, puede presentar hipercloremia. Se postuló que la presencia de hipercloremia inicial podría reflejar un mejor estado de hidratación; sin embargo, su prevalencia y su impacto en el tratamiento de la CAD se desconoce. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de AM con componente hiperclorémico previo al inicio del tratamiento y evaluar si su presencia se asocia con mejor estado de hidratación y con menor tiempo de salida de la CAD, en comparación con los pacientes con AR elevado exclusivo. Pacientes y métodos. Se agruparon los pacientes internados con CAD (período entre enero de 2014 y junio de 2016) según presentaran, al ingresar, AM con AR elevado exclusivo o con hipercloremia y se compararon sus variables clínicas, de laboratorio y la respuesta al tratamiento. Resultados. Se incluyeron 40 pacientes -amp;#91;17 varones, mediana de edad: 14,5 años (2,4-18)-amp;#93;, 22 con AM con componente hiperclorémico (prevalencia de 55%) y 18 con AR elevado exclusivo. La presencia de hipercloremia no se asoció con mejor estado de hidratación (porcentaje de déficit de peso en ambos grupos: 4,9%; p= 0,81) ni con una respuesta terapéutica más rápida (con componente hiperclorémico: 9,5 horas; con AR elevado exclusivo: 11 horas; p= 0,64). Conclusiones. En niños con CAD, la prevalencia de AM con componente hiperclorémico fue del 55% y no se asoció con un mejor estado de hidratación ni con una salida más temprana de la descompensación metabólica.

Introduction. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis (MA) with a high anion gap (AG), although, occasionally, it can present with hyperchloremia. It has been postulated that the early presence of hyperchloremia could reflect a better hydration status; however, its prevalence and impact on DKA treatment remain unknown. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of the hyperchloremic component in MA prior to treatment and to assess whether it is associated with a better hydration status and a shorter recovery time from DKA compared to patients with high AG only. Patients and Methods. Patients hospitalized with DKA (between January 2014 and June 2016) were grouped according to whether they were admitted with MA with high AG only. or with hyperchloremia, and clinical and laboratory outcome measures and response to treatment were compared. Results. Forty patients (17 males, median age: 14.5 years -amp;#91;2.4-18-amp;#93;) were included; 22 with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (prevalence of 55%) and 18 with metabolic acidosis with high AG only. The presence of hyperchloremia was not associated with a better hydration status (weight loss percentage in both groups: 4.9%; p= 0.81) nor with a faster treatment response (MA with a hyperchloremic component: 9.5 hours; MA with high AG only: 11 hours; p= 0.64). Conclusions. The prevalence of MA with a hyperchloremic component among children with DKA was 55% and was not associated with a better hydration status nor with a faster recovery from the metabolic decompensation.