Alterações patológicas do sistema genital de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas criadas em cativeiro / Pathological changes of the genital system of agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) females bred in captivity

Este artigo apresenta relatos de sete distintas patologias de origem reprodutiva ainda não descritas em cutias (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758) fêmeas, que afetaram a fertilidade ou resultaram na morte do animal. Descreveu-se a natureza, a localização e a frequência das alterações patológicas macroscópicas e histológicas dos órgãos que compõem o sistema reprodutivo de cutias fêmeas, criadas sob condições de cativeiro no semiárido do Brasil. Foram avaliados através do exame anatomopatológico o aparelho reprodutivo de trinta e nove cutias mortas naturalmente e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a maio de 2015. Destas, constatou-se alterações patológicas no sistema reprodutivo de 10 (25,6 %). No total, 13 alterações foram observadas, sendo que, em alguns animais haviam a coexistência de mais de uma alteração. Assim, as alterações patológicas encontradas foram: endometrite (n=4; 30,8%), piometra (n=3; 23%), retenção de placenta (n=2; 15,4%), maceração fetal (n=1; 7,7%), mumificação fetal (n=1; 7,7%), parto distócico (n=1; 7,7%) e ovários afuncionais (n=1; 7,7%).(AU)

This paper presents seven distinct reports diseases with reproductive origins that are not yet described in females agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1758), affecting fertility or resulted in the animal's death. The nature, location and frequency of macroscopic and histological pathological changes of the organs that compose the reproductive system of female agoutis, created under conditions of captivity in the semiarid region of Brazil, are described in this article. Were evaluated by pathological examination of the reproductive tract of thirty-nine naturally dead agoutis and sent to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory in February 2010 to May 2015. From these, it was found pathological alterations in the reproductive system of 10 (25.6%). A total of 13 abnormalities were observed, and in some animals had the coexistence of more than one alteration. Thus, the pathological changes were: endometritis (n=4, 30.8%), pyometra (n=3; 23%), retained placenta (n=2; 15.4%), fetal maceration (n=1, 7.7%), fetal mummification (n=1, 7.7%), dystocia (n=1, 7.7%) and afuncionais ovary (n=1, 7.7%).(AU)

Função ovariana em mulheres lúpicas submetidas ao uso de ciclofosfamida em dois grandes centros de atendimento reumatológico de Curitiba, Estado do Paraná / Ovarian function in systemic lupus erythematosus patients undergoing the use of cyclophosphamide in two major rheumatologic care centers in Curitiba, Paraná State

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a resposta ovariana após uso de ciclofosfamida (CFM) em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e correlacionar os achados de tempo de doença e idade no período de utilização de CFM e dose cumulativa com alterações no ciclo menstrual e/ou evolução para insuficiência ovariana (IO). MÉTODOS: Foi um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com 50 pacientes com diagnóstico de LES e que fizeram tratamento com CFM com seguimento clínico de, pelo menos, 1 ano. Foram incluídas pacientes com idade entre 12 e 40 anos e que apresentavam ciclos menstruais regulares prévios ao tratamento. Foram excluídas pacientes que descontinuaram o seguimento, ou este foi menor do que um ano, além daquelas que apresentaram irregularidade/ausência menstrual antes do uso do fármaco. Todas as mulheres estudadas foram submetidas à entrevista e à aplicação de questionário. Neste foram abordadas questões relevantes de padrão de ciclo menstrual antes e posterior à terapia, assim como períodos gestacionais e método contraceptivo. Foi questionado se as pacientes foram orientadas sobre os efeitos colaterais e as consequências da CFM. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes t de Student, Mann-Whitney, do χ2 e o não paramétrico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das pacientes incluídas no do estudo foi de 30,8 anos, e a média de idade no momento do uso de CFM, de 25,3 anos. Após a CFM, 24% das pacientes não menstruaram mais, 28% voltaram a ter ciclos regulares e 48% delas permaneceram com ciclos irregulares. Verificou-se que as pacientes que evoluíram com falência ovariana tinham maior tempo de doença (12,3 anos) do que aquelas que não evoluíram (8,9 anos). Treze pacientes tiveram gestação após a CFM, em todas ocorreu de forma espontânea; no entanto, 66% evoluíram com abortamento. A média de idade das pacientes que fizeram uso de CFM e evoluíram com falência ovariana foi de 28,1 anos. A amenorreia ocorreu em 50% das pacientes ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ovarian response after cyclophosphamide use (CPM) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to correlate the age and cumulative dose findings with changes in menstrual cycle and/or progression to ovarian failure (OF). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study of 50 patients with a diagnosis of SLE who used CFM with a clinical follow-up of at least 1 year. Included were patients aged 12-40 years, who had undergone chemotherapy for SLE control and who had regular menstrual cycles before the beginning of CPM treatment. Patients who discontinued follow-up, who were followed up for less than one year or who had irregular/absent menses before the beginning of CPM treatment were excluded. All women studied were submitted to an interview and a questionnaire containing questions about the pattern of the menstrual cycle before and after therapy, and about the gestational periods and contraception. We asked if the patients had been instructed about the side effects and consequences of CFM. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test and the Mann Whitney, χ2 and nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 30.8 years and the mean age at the time of use of CPM was 25.3 years. After CFM, 24% of patients stopped menstruating, 28% returned to regular cycles and 48% continued to have irregular cycles. It was found that the patients who developed OF had longer disease duration (12.3 years) than those who did not develop it (8.9 years). Thirteen patients became spontaneously pregnant after CFM; however, 66% progressed to abortion. The mean age of the patients who used CFM and developed OF was 28.1 years. Amenorrhea occurred in 50% of those aged 31-40 years, in 22.2% of those aged 21-30 years and in 7.7% of those aged 12-20 years. Our study showed no statistical correlation between cumulative dose and OF, although cumulative ...

Megalocitose de células luteínicas grandes de vacas prenhes com seneciose crônica / Large luteal cell megalocytosis in pregnant cows with chronic seneciosis

Diversas espécies de Senecio estão amplamente difundidas nas pastagens de propriedades rurais do Sul do Brasil. Criadores dessa região relatam quedas nos índices reprodutivos dos rebanhos bovinos, muitas vezes de causas não determinadas. Várias plantas tóxicas são capazes de causar alterações reprodutivas diretas e indiretas em bovinos em diversos países, incluindo o Brasil, no entanto seus mecanismos patogenéticos ainda são pouco compreendidos. O objetivo desse trabalho é descrever lesões ovarianas em vacas com seneciose crônica proveniente de propriedades rurais da mesorregião Sudoeste Rio-grandense. Foram estudados 21 casos positivos de seneciose crônica diagnosticados entre 2011 e 2014. O estudo revelou que a seneciose crônica é a principal causa de morte de bovinos adultos na região. Quatro vacas prenhes apresentaram lesões hepáticas clássicas da intoxicação por Senecio spp. Essas vacas tiveram seus ovários avaliados histologicamente e células luteínicas grandes (CLG) desses ovários apresentavam megalocitose e pseudoinclusões nucleares. Algumas CLG apresentaram núcleos com até 23,69μm de diâmetro e o aumento no tamanho desses núcleos foi significativamente maior que os de vacas controle. Conclui-se que a intoxicação por Senecio spp. causa alterações ovarianas em vacas e é possível que a intoxicação cause perdas reprodutivas nos rebanhos bovinas da região...

Several species of Senecio are widely distributed on pasture lands in Southern Brazil. Farmers from this region are known to complain about declines in reproductive rates in cattl from undetermined causes. Several poisonous plants can cause direct and indirect reproductive disorders in cattle in several countries, including Brazil. However, their pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this study is to describe ovarian lesions in cows with chronic seneciosis, from farms located in the Southwest Mesoregion of Rio Grande do Sul, a southern state in Brazil. Twenty-one cases of bovine chronic seneciosis diagnosed between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. The study showed that chronic seneciosis is the major cause of death in adult cattle in the region. Four pregnant cows showing classical necropsy large luteal cells (LLG) from the ovaries of these four cows had marked megalocytosis and nuclear pseudo-inclusions. Some LLG showed nuclei with up to 23.69μm in diameter and the increase in size of these nuclei was significantly greater than measured those of control cows. It is concluded that the ingestion Senecio spp. induces ovarian changes in cows and the intoxication should be considered as a possible cause of reproductive failure in cattle herds from this region...

Diagnóstico ecográfico de la disfunción del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-ovario-útero: propuesta de estudio / Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-uterus axis: ultrasound diagnosis

Transvaginal ultrasound is the gold standard for the evaluation of the structural gynecological pathology both benign and malignant, with optimal performance. Currently the functional gynecological pathology is, usually not considered in the routine ultrasound study. This leads to a sub diagnosis of frequent pathologies, for example metrorrhagia or amenorrhea. It is feasible, after discarding the organic possibilities, and relating sonographic markers specific to the clinical status, to achieve an orientation about the origin of the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-uterus axis.

La ecografía transvaginal es el gold standard para la evaluación de la patología ginecológica estructural tanto benigna como maligna con óptimo rendimiento. Actualmente, la patología ginecológica funcional habitualmente no forma parte del estudio ultrasonográfico de rutina lo que lleva a un subdiagnóstico de patologías frecuentes como por ejemplo metrorragias o amenorreas. Es factible, descartando los cuadros orgánicos y relacionando marcadores ecográficos específicos con el cuadro clínico, lograr una orientación sobre el origen de la disfunción del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-ovario-útero.

Quando se deve preservar o(s) ovário(s) na cirurgia radical para câncer do colo do útero? / When should the ovary be preserved in the uterine cervical cancer during the radical hysterectomy?

Objetivo: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre a preservação dos ovários em pacientes na pré-menopausa e com câncer do colo do útero em estádios iniciais que se submeteram à histerectomia radical. Métodos: Foi feita uma busca de estudos na língua inglesa na base de dados Pubmed e em português na base Lilacs utilizando-se as palavras uterine cervical neoplasm, hysterectomy and ovarian neoplasms . Dos artigos encontrados, foram lidos todos os resumos e aqueles artigos que abordavam a preservação dos ovários durante a histerectomia radical para tratamento do câncer do colo do útero foram obtidos. Excluíram-se os relatos de casos e série com menos de 20 casos avaliados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 312 artigos em língua inglesa e um em português. Destes, foram selecionados 16 que avaliaram a preservação ovariana durante a histerectomia radical para tratamento do câncer do colo do útero em estádios iniciais. Nenhum estudo randomizado foi encontrado; todos eram série de casos avaliados prospectiva ou retrospectivamente. No total, 1.305 pacientes foram avaliadas. A taxa de manutenção da função ovariana foi de 76,7%, a reoperação por lesões ovarianas benignas ocorreu em 3,9% dos casos e a taxa de ocorrência de metástase ovariana foi de 0,2%. O fator associado à perda da função ovariana foi a realização de radioterapia externa. Adenocarcinoma esteve associado à maior taxa de metástase ovariana. Conclusão: Os ovários podem ser preservados em pacientes com câncer do colo do útero inicial durante a histerectomia radical se a histologia do tumor for carcinoma epidermoide e não apresentar doença extracervical

Abstract Objective: A review of the literature on ovarian preservation in premenopausal patients with early-stage uterine cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy was conducted. Methods: A search for studies in English on the Pubmed database and written in Portuguese on the Lilacs database was carried out using the words ?uterine cervical neoplasm?, ?hysterectomy? and ?ovarian neoplasms?. All abstracts from the articles found were read and the articles that discussed ovarian preservation at the time of radical hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine cervical carcinoma were obtained. Case reports and series with less than 20 cases evaluated were excluded. Results: Three hundred and twelve (312) articles published in English in addition to one article published in the Portuguese idiom were found. Of these, 16 articles that examined ovarian preservation at the time of hysterectomy for the treatment of early-stage uterine cervical cancer were selected. No randomized studies were found. All studies were case series prospectively or retrospectively evaluated. A total of 1,305 patients were evaluated. Maintenance of ovarian function occurred in 76.7% of women, reoperation due to benign ovarian lesions was performed in 3,9% of cases and metastases rate was of 0,2%. The factor associated with loss of ovarian function was the performance of external radiation therapy. Adenocarcinoma was associated with a higher rate of ovarian metastasis. Conclusion: The ovaries may be preserved in patients with early-stage uterine cervical cancer at the time of radical hysterectomy if tumor histology shows squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and when there is no sign of extracervical disease

Efeito da icterícia obstrutiva na fertilidade, morfologia ovariana e desenvolvimento fetal em ratas / Effect of jaundice on fertility, ovarian morphology and fetal development in rats

Avaliou-se o efeito da icterícia obstrutiva na capacidade reprodutiva, morfologia ovariana e desenvolvimento fetal em ratas, utilizando 53 ratas sexualmente maduras, distribuídas em dois grupos: grupo 1 (n = 28) - ligadura do ducto biliopancreático e grupo 2 (n = 25) - controle. Pode-se concluir que, em presença de hiperbilirrubinemia, a fertilização é viável, a capacidade reprodutiva é muito reduzida, os ciclos estrais tornam-se irregulares, o epitélio vaginal permanece cornificado, os corpos lúteos ovarianos regridem, os corpos lúteos gravídicos não são alterados, aumentando progressivamente durante a prenhez, e o desenvolvimento fetal é gravemente alterado.

The effect of jaundice on the reproductive capacity, ovarian morphology and fetal development in rats was assessed in 53 sexually mature rats divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 28) - submitted to ligature of the biliopancreatic duct and group 2 (n = 25) - control - submitted only to sham operation. In jaundice rats fertilization is viable, the reproductive capacity is intensive reduced, the estrus cycles becomes irregular, the corpi lutea is presented in regression, the gravidic lutea is not modified increasing gradually during the pregnancy and the fetal development is seriously impaired.

Preservação de fertilidade em pacientes oncológicas / Preservation of fertility in oncology patients

Os efeitos deletérios do tratamento do câncer sobre a fertilidade feminina são bem conhecidos pela medicina. Os autores apresentam nesse artigo uma revisão atualizada, sobre a repercussão dos tratamentos oncológicos na função reprodutiva e os meios de preservá-la. O objetivo principal é o esclarecimento das principais técnicas disponíveis, tentando demonstrar vantagens, desvantagens e aplicabilidade de cada método.

Carcinoma del ovario / Ovarian carcinoma

El cáncer de ovario representa uno de los grandes desafíos aún no resueltos de la ginecología oncológica. Requiere de un enfoque multidisciplinario con cirugía, cuyo objetivo es la cito reducción óptima, lo que demanda un gran esfuerzo quirúrgico, debiendo complementarse en la mayoría de los casos con poli quimioterapia. Lamentablemente la enfermedad se manifiesta por lo común en etapas avanzadas y tiene altas tasas de persistencia y recurrencia. Se presentan aquí las características más importantes de esta enfermedad así como su manejo actual y resultados.

Epidemiological, endocrine and metabolic features in Turner syndrome

A síndrome de Turner, decorrente de anomalias dos cromossomos sexuais, é uma das doenças genéticas mais comuns, ocorrendo em cerca de 50:100.000 recém-nascidas. A síndrome de Turner está geralmente associada à baixa estatura, disgenesia gonadal e, portanto, níveis insuficientes de esteróides sexuais femininos, e esterilidade. Vários outros sinais e sintomas são observados mais freqüentemente em portadoras dessa síndrome. Há aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade. A performance intelectual costuma estar dentro da normalidade. Estudos recentes têm trazido novas informações quanto a seus aspectos epidemiológicos, cardiológicos, endócrinos e metabólicos. O tratamento com hGH na infância e na adolescência permite um ganho considerável na estatura final. A puberdade precisa ser induzida na maioria dos casos, e a terapia de reposição de hormônios sexuais femininos (TRH) persiste durante toda a vida adulta. As doses adequadas para TRH ainda não estão bem estabelecidas; do mesmo modo, seus benefícios e/ou desvantagens ainda não foram cuidadosamente avaliados. Uma vez que o risco de doenças cardiovasculares e endócrinas é claramente elevado, o cuidado adequado na vida adulta é enfatizado. Em síntese, a síndrome de Turner é uma afecção associada a diversas anomalias congênitas e adquiridas que são revisadas neste artigo.

Primary Ovarin Pregnancy

Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, which is difficult to diagnose clinically and even intra operatively. Here we present a case of a 20-year-old woman with ruptured right ovarian pregnancy and dermoid cyst of left ovary

Is the infertility in hypothyroidism mainly due to ovarian or pituitary functional changes?

The objective of the present study was to examine whether hypothyroidism affects the reproductive system of adult female rats by evaluating ovarian morphology, uterus weight and the changes in serum and pituitary concentrations of prolactin and gonadotropins. Three-month-old female rats were divided into three groups: control (N = 10), hypothyroid (N = 10), treated with 0.05 percent 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 60 days, and T4-treated group (N = 10), receiving daily sc injections of L-thyroxine (0.8 æg/100 g body weight) during the last 10 days of the experiment. At the end of 50 days of hypothyroidism no hypothyroid animal showed a regular cycle, while 71 percent of controls as well as the T4-treated rats showed regular cycles. Corpora lutea, growing follicles and mature Graafian follicles were found in all ovaries studied. The corpora lutea were smaller in both the hypothyroid and T4-replaced rats. Graafian follicles were found in 72 percent of controls and only in 34 percent of hypothyroid and 43 percent of T4-treated animals. Serum LH, FSH, progesterone and estradiol concentrations did not differ among the three groups. Serum prolactin concentration and the pituitary content of the three hormones studied were higher in the hypothyroid animals compared to control. T4 treatment restored serum prolactin concentration to the level found in controls, but only partially normalized the pituitary content of gonadotropins and prolactin. In conclusion, the morphological changes caused by hypothyroidism can be a consequence of higher prolactin production that can block the secretion and action of gonadotropins, being the main cause of the changes observed

Caso Clínico. Diagnóstico y tratamiento laparoscópico del embarazo ovárico / Case report. Diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment of ovarian pregnancy

Embarazo ovárico poco común de presentación del embarazo ectópico. Su frecuencia varía entre 0.3-3.0 de todos los embarazos ectópicos. Se informa el caso de una paciente de 33 años sin patología pélvica previa, ingresada por dolor hipogástrico, hemorragia transvaginal una masa anexial derecha y prueba de embarazo positiva. El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue de embarazo ectópico tubario derecho. Este informe ilustra el uso exitoso de la laparoscopia en el tratamiento del embarazo ovárico primario

Ovarian activity before and after gonadal suppression by GnRH-a in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinism and acanthosis nigricans

Objective. To investigate the ovarian activity before and after gonadal suppression with GnRH-analog in patients with PCO, hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinism and ancathosis nigricans. Design: Controlled clinical study. Setting: Tertiary academic medical center. Patients: Six patients with clinical findings of PCO, hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans. Interventions. Morning blood samples in the follicular phase to determine the seteroid levels, glucose and insulin curve, comparing to a control group. Administration for 2 consecutive months of a GnRH-analog, comparing, in the study group, the free testosterone levels before and after ovarian suppression. Main Outcome Measure. Determination of insulin levels in PCO, hirsutism and acanthotic patients and the free-testosterone levels before and after gonadal suppression. Results. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the study group when compared to normal women during the glycemic test. We also found a significant decrease in the free-testosterone levels after 2 months of gonadal suppression with GnRH-analog when compared to the initial time. Conclusions. Patients with PCO, hirsutism and acanthosis nicrigans present high levels of in sulin, suggesting an ovarian hyperesponsiveness, which is not sustained when gonadotrophic blockage was achieved.

Dentes ectópicos em teratoma cístico de ovário: relato de caso / Ectopic teeth in ovarian cystic teratoma: case report

Relata-se um caso de teratoma cístico benigno de ovário contendo processo ósseo alveolar com nove dentes. A formaçäo de alguns dentes, dispostos desordenadamente, näo é rara nesta entidade. Entretanto, a presença de nove dentes morfodiferenciados, implantados no osso em fileira e irrompidos na cavidade cística, é um achado incomum

Granulosa cell tumour a clinico pathologic study

19 granulosa cell tumour [GCT] were reviewed and re-evaluated clinically and histologically. The age range between 18-53 years. Patients were divided into two age groups. They young age group [younger than 40 years] which Consisted of eight patients, and the old age group [older than 40] which consisted of eleven patients. The usual clinical presentation of those patients was generally vaginal bleeding in the older age group, or-post-menopausal bleeding, and/or abdominal mass. while the young age group presented with amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding and abdominal mass in order of frequency. Juvenile G C T. has distinctive clinical and pathological subtype and is associated with better prognosis. The operative and histologica findings are of great importance in the assessment of the outcome. Patients with juvenile G.C.T. carry better outcome even with the presence of cytological atypia and mitotic divisions. The operative finding of a tumour that invades the surface of the ovary with Local and omental metastasis needs more aggressive treatment. Since a large group of our patients are of the child bearing age, the critical decision of treatment for young women with stage la disease [whether conservative or to chose more radical treatment] is the responsibility of both the pathologist and the clinician

Pituitary-ovarian axis in women with chronic renal failure undergoing regular hemodialysis

The pathogenesis of ovarian dysfunction was studied in ten [10] female patients with chronic renal failure treated with regular hemodialysis. Their ages ranged from 20 to 37 years. Another ten [10] healthy adult females served as controls, their ages ranged from 23 to 35 years. Assessment of follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], leuteinzing hormone [LH], prolactin and estradiol in serum was done. Clomiphene stimulation test to FSH and LH was also done in a random group of 7 dialyzed patients. Serum FSH, LH and estradiol in dialyzed patients were comparable to those found in normal women during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. In all patients, there was an absence of cyclicity. After clomiphene, serum levels of LH and FSH rose significantly suggesting that the negative estradiol feedback, the tonic gonadotropin secretion and the pituitary avarian axis were normal. The positive estradiol feedback associated with cyclic release of lureinizing hormone was impaired as indicated by the prevalence of acyclicity and absence of ovulation. Hyperprolactinaemia in dialyzed group may inhibit ovarian function at multiple levels along hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis

Doppler ultrasound of the uterine and ovarian blood flow in unexplained infertility

This study included 20 women with primary unexplained infertility, 20 with secondary unexplained infertility and 20 fertile women, as a control group. There was a significant difference between the group with primary unexplained infertility and control group as regards the follicular size when measured at preovulatory and ovulatory periods which may be due to the presence of 2 cases with unruptured follicle with persistent size at 20 mm. However, there was no such difference observed among the second group with secondary unexplained infertility for all 20 cases in relation to control group. It was a significant increase of the RI of the ovarian and uterine arteries for both groups of unexplained infertility during the preovulatory phase [days 7 to 19], when compared with RI of the control group during the same phase, also the RI showed significant increase during the ovulatory period [days 12-16] among both of infertile groups when compared with the control group. There was no similar difference of both the follicular size and endometrial thickness between infertile and fertile women so, it appears that suboptimal uterine blood flow during critical time of the menstrual cycle may affect the uterine environment