ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the role of autophagy in oxalate-induced toxicity of human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2).@*METHODS@#HK-2 cells were exposed to oxalate (1 mmol/L) for 2 h and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy. Then Western blotting was used to measure the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3II. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed in HK-2 cells after treating with oxalate for 2 h. However, 3-MA showed no effects on the formation of cytoplasmic vacuolization regardless of the dose at 1 or 5 mmol/L. The expression of LC3II protein was significantly increased in the HK-2 cells in the presence of oxalate (0.62±0.03 vs 0.35±0.02, @*CONCLUSIONS@#Autophagy of HK-2 cells is enhanced by oxalate at the concentration of 1 mmol/L. Inhibition of 3-MA-induced autophagy protects HK-2 cells from the oxalate-induced cytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Cell Line , Epithelial Cells , Oxalates/toxicityABSTRACT
Relata-se a ocorrência de osteodistrofia fibrosa em 38 equinos criados em pastagens de Panicum maximum cultivar Aruana, da raça Mangalarga Marchador, provenientes de uma propriedade localizada no estado do Paraná. No exame clínico geral, observou-se aumento bilateral e simétrico dos ossos da face e, também, aumento de volume na porção distal do rádio. A análise radiológica das áreas afetadas demonstrou redução da densidade óssea, e, na bioquímica sanguínea, 24 (63 por cento) animais apresentaram níveis de fósforo elevados. O exame bromatológico revelou níveis elevados de oxalato na pastagem de Aruana. Conclui-se que a ingestão de Aruana, forragem com altos níveis de oxalato, foi responsável pelo aparecimento de lesões de osteodistrofia fibrosa em equinos.
Fibrous osteodystrophy occurrence is reported in 38 Mangalarga Marchador horses raised on Aruana (Panicum maximum) pasture from a breeding farm in Paraná state. Clinical examination showed bilateral and symmetric increase in bones of face and an increase of volume at the radius distal portion. The radiologic analysis revealed bone density reduction in affected areas. Blood biochemist demonstrated high phosphorus levels in 24 animals (63 percent). Analysis of the pasture was performed and high levels of oxalate were found in the Aruana samples. It was concluded that the ingestion of Aruana, a pasture with high oxalate levels, was responsible for the appearing of fibrous osteodystrophy lesions in horses.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Bone and Bones/physiopathology , Oxalates/toxicity , Panicum/chemistry , Panicum/toxicity , Animal Nutrition Sciences , HorsesABSTRACT
Of the trivalent (CrSO4) and hexavalent (K2Cr2O7) chromium compounds, only the hexavalent produced significant deleterious effects on development and fertility of E. cautella, when eggs were reared on laboratory medium supplemented with different concentrations of these salts.