Efecto de la oxitocina en los niveles de malondialdehído, óxido nítrico y proteína s100b en el recién nacido / Effect of oxytocin on the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and s100b protein in newborns

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar los efectos de la administración de oxitocina en la conducción del parto en los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA), óxido nítrico (ON) y proteína S100B en el recién nacido. Material y Métodos. Se seleccionó a 80 gestantes a término sin patología obstétrica y fetal, formando dos grupos: Gestantes con parto normal y conducidas con oxitocina. Se extrajo sangre inmediatamente después del parto de la vena de cordón umbilical para medir MDA, ON y de la arteria para la proteína S100B. Se cuantificó la concentración de MDA y ON por métodos espectroscópicos y la proteína S100B por ELISA. Resultados. Se tuvo valores de 3,4 uMol/L y 3,6 uMol/L de MDA y 1,4 uMol/Ly 1,8 uMol/L de ON en el grupo conducido con oxitocina y control respectivamente sin diferencia significativa, los niveles de S100B fueron mayores en el grupo conducido con oxitocina, con una mediana de 1,36 μg/L comparado con el grupo de parto normal 1,11 μg/L (p=0,03). No hubo relación entre la dosis de oxitocina administrada y los niveles de MDA, ON y S100B. Conclusiones. No hay diferencia entre los niveles de MDA y ON entre las gestantes con parto normal y conducidas. Hay diferencia significativa en los niveles de proteína S100B en recién nacidos de parto con oxitocina. No hay relación entre la dosis de oxitocina y los niveles de estrés oxidativo y proteína S100B.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To assess the effects of the administration of oxytocin during labor management on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and S100B protein in newborns. Materials and Methods. We selected 80 term pregnant women without obstetric and fetal pathology, forming two groups: pregnant women with normal delivery and pregnant women conducted with oxytocin. Blood was collected immediately after delivery from the umbilical cord vein to measure MDA, ON and from the artery for protein S100B. The concentration of MDA and ON was quantified by spectroscopic methods and the protein S100B by ELISA. Results. Values of 3.4 uMol/L and 3.6 uMol/L of MDA and 1.4 uMol/L and 1.8 uMol/L of NO were obtained in the oxytocin and control group, respectively, without significant difference; S100B levels were higher in the oxytocin managed group, with a median of 1.36 μg/L compared to the normal delivery group 1.11 μg/L (p=0.03). There was no relationship between the dose of oxytocin administered and the levels of MDA, ON, and S100B. Conclusions. There is no difference between MDA and NO levels between pregnant women undergoing a normal or managed birth. There is a significant difference in S100B protein levels in newborns born via an oxytocin-managed delivery. There is no relationship between oxytocin dose and levels of oxidative stress and S100B protein

Labor stimulation with oxytocin: effects on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes / Estimulação do parto com oxitocina: efeitos nos resultados obstétricos e neonatais / Estimulación del parto con oxitocina: efectos en los resultados obstétricos y neonatales

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the effects of labor stimulation with oxytocin on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method: descriptive and analytical study with 338 women who gave birth at a tertiary hospital. Obstetric and neonatal variables were measured and compared in women submitted and non-submitted to stimulation with oxytocin. Statistics were performed using Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Student t-test; and crude Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval were calculated. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: stimulation with oxytocin increases the rates of cesarean sections, epidural anesthesia and intrapartum maternal fever in primiparous and multiparous women. It has also been associated with low pH values of umbilical cord blood and with a shorter duration of the first stage of labor in primiparous women. However, it did not affect the rates of 3rd and 4th degree perineal lacerations, episiotomies, advanced neonatal resuscitation, 5-minute Apgar scores and meconium. Conclusion: stimulation with oxytocin should not be used systematically, but only in specific cases. These findings provide further evidence to health professionals and midwives on the use of oxytocin during labor. Under normal conditions, women should be informed of the possible effects of labor stimulation with oxytocin.

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da estimulação do parto com oxitocina nos resultados maternos e neonatais. Método: estudo descritivo e analítico, com 338 mulheres que deram à luz em um hospital de nível terciário. Variáveis obstétricas e neonatais foram medidas e comparadas em mulheres com e sem estimulação com oxitocina. Estatísticas foram feitas utilizando-se o teste Qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher e o teste t-Student; e as Odds Ratio brutas com intervalo de confiança de 95% foram calculadas. Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: a estimulação com oxitocina aumentou as taxas de cesarianas, anestesia peridural, febre materna intraparto em primíparas e multíparas. Ela também foi associada com baixos valores de pH do cordão umbilical e com uma menor duração da primeira fase do parto em primíparas. No entanto, ela não afetou as taxas de laceração perineal de terceiro e quarto graus, a episiotomia, a reanimação neonatal avançada, o teste de Apgar de 5 minutos e o mecônio. Conclusão: a estimulação com oxitocina não deveria ser utilizada de maneira sistemática, mas apenas em casos muito específicos. Estes resultados fornecem evidências adicionais aos profissionais de saúde e às parteiras sobre o uso de oxitocina durante o parto. Em condições normais, as mulheres deveriam ser informadas sobre os possíveis efeitos da estimulação com oxitocina.

Resumen Objetivo: valorar los efectos de la estimulación del parto con oxitocina en los resultados maternos y neonatales. Método: estudio descriptivo y analítico con 338 mujeres que parieron en un hospital de tercer nivel. Variables obstétricas y neonatales fueron medidas y comparadas en mujeres con y sin estimulación con oxitocina. Estadísticos Chi-cuadrado, test exacto de Fisher, test t-Student, Odd Ratio cruda y un intervalo de confianza del 95% fueron calculados. Un valor p < 0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: la estimulación con oxitocina incrementó el ratio de cesáreas, analgesia epidural, fiebre materna intraparto en primíparas y multíparas; también se relacionó con bajos valores de pH de cordón umbilical, y menor duración de la primera fase del parto en primíparas. Sin embargo no afectó la tasa de desgarros de 3-4 grado, episiotomías, reanimación neonatal avanzada, test de Apgar a los 5 minutos o meconio. Conclusión: la estimulación con oxitocina no debería emplearse de forma sistemática, sino solo en casos muy indicados. Estos hallazgos proporcionan mayor evidencia a los profesionales y matronas a cerca del uso de oxitocina durante el parto. En condiciones normales, las mujeres deberían estar informadas de los posibles efectos de la estimulación con oxitocina.

Oxytocic effects of the aqueous leaf extract of costuslucanusianus - family costaceae on isolated non-pregnant rat uterus

Costus lucanusianus J. Braun [Costaceae] is a climbing herb, found mainly in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This plant is locally used in situations of pains, inflammation, dysmenorrhoea and in pyrexia. The purpose of this study was to investigate this claim with view to validating scientifically the ethno-medicinal usage. The aqueous extract was subjected to pharmacological testing in vitro on a piece of isolated rat uterus previously pretreated with 1 mg/kg stilbestrol for 24 h. The dose response curves of oxytocin and that of the extract were first obtained. The effects of antagonists like atropine [1 mg] and salbutamol [2 micro g] on the dose response curve of the extract were also investigated. Possible synergy was investigated via co-administration of the extract and oxytocin. Finally the proximate analysis of the extract was investigated. The aqueous extract of C. lucanusianus and oxytocin both produced a dose dependent contraction of the uterus. An effect of 0.63 +/- 0.06 g force of uterine contraction produced by 12.5 mg of the extract was increased to 1.37 +/- 0.09 g when 200 mg of the extract was administered. Oxytocin at 0.16 i.u was observed to produce a similar force of contraction with 200 mg of the aqueous extract. Synergy was established as co administration of the extract at 200 mg and oxytocin at 0.08 i.u, produced higher contractile effect, significantly higher [p<0.05] than when either the extract [200mg] or oxytocin [0.08 i.u] was administered alone. Both atropine and salbutamol significantly [p<0.0001] inhibited the contractile effect produced by the extract. The inhibitory effect showed by atropine on the contractile effect of the extract seems to suggest the involvement of muscarinic receptors. The proximate analysis carried out in this study is used to establish the identity of the crude drug sample. A moisture content of 10.047% was obtained. The total ash is a measure of the non-volatile inorganic constituents remaining after ashing. The values of 3.42% were obtained

Influence of time at which oxytocin is administered during labor on uterine activity and perinatal death in pigs

Oxytocin is extensively used to induce or augment uterine contractions, especially to facilitate the third stage of labor in humans. Administration of oxytocin to parturient sows reduces duration of labor whereas mortality of the offspring may remain unchanged. This study aimed to evaluate whether time of administration of oxytocin during parturition may alter the uterine response and fetal outcomes. Two hundred parturient sows were randomly assigned to intramuscularly receive either saline solution (control group) or oxytocin 0.083 IU/kg immediately after the delivery of the 1st, 4th or 8th piglet (groups O-1, 0-4 and 0-8, respectively). Uterine effects and fetal outcomes were registered in all groups. The duration of labor was 20-40 min shorter (P < 0.0001) and time interval between babies was reduced by 3-5 min (P < 0.0001) in the three groups receiving oxytocin. The duration and intensity of contractions, meconium-stained piglets and intrapartum deaths decreased as time at which oxytocin administered during labor was increased. In group 0-8, we observed approximately 70 percent less meconium-stained piglets and intrapartum deaths than in the control group. In conclusion, oxytocin administered at early phases of parturition to sows may increase duration and intensity of uterine contractions as well as adverse fetal outcomes.

Incidencia de rotura uterina en el Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz 1982-2003 / Incidence of uterine rupture at the Hospital Dr. Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz 1982-2003

El presente es un estudio retrospectivo y longitudinal realizado en el Hospital Patrocinio Peñuela Ruíz, San Cristóbal, Estado Táchira, basado en la revisión de las historias clínicas entre los años 1982-2003 con diagnóstico de Rotura Uterina. Encontrándose una Tasa de 0.22 por 1000 partos (1 de 4512 partos). El 50 por ciento pertenecia al grupo 1 a 4 paras. La edad gestacional predominante fue 37-41 semanas 83.33 por ciento. El 66.66 por ciento de los casos tenían útero indemne, el factor determinante más frecuente fue el uso de Oxitócico (66.66 por ciento), el 50 por ciento de las rupturas fueron espontáneas, la Histeretomía fue usada en un 50 por ciento, el diagnóstico intraoperatorio fue del 83.33 por ciento, la mortalidad fetal fue del 33.33 por ciento

Inducción del parto en embarazos de alto riesgo obstétrico: misoprostol vaginal versus ocitocina / Labor induction in high risk pregnancy: vaginal misoprostol versus oxytocin

Efectuamos ensayo clínico controlado, con 1000 ug de misoprostol intravaginal para borramiento cervical e inducción de parto, en 175 pacientes con embarazos de alto riesgo obstétrico, con score de Bishop bajo 7. Comparamos resultados con 1999 pacientes de un grupo histórico similar, sometido a inducción ocitócica. Los tiempos de lactancia y de trabajo de parto fueron significativamente menores con misoprostol (p<0,05). La polisistolia fue más frecuente con misoprostol (55 por ciento versus 1 por ciento p<0,05). El síndrome de hiperestimulación fue más frecuente con misoprostol (10,2 por ciento versus 0,05 por ciento, p<0.05) pero no representó mayor compromiso de la unidad fetoplacentaria. La cesárea fue menos frecuente con misoprostol (24,6 por ciento versus 33,6 por ciento, N.S). El éxito en 24 horas fue mayor para misoprostol (66,2 por ciento versus 43,7 por ciento p<0,05). Los resultados neonatales fueron similares. Conclusiones: misoprostol produce borramiento cervical preinducción, es más eficiente como inductor de parto y posee similar seguridad comparado con ocitocina. El análisis de riesgos relativos apoya estas conclusiones. Dosis menores de misoprostol podría ser eficientes y aún más seguras

Role of Ca2+ on uterine force stimulated by a glycoside from the root of Dalbergia saxatilis.

Uterine muscle contraction is dependent on external Ca2+ and Ca2+ release from cytoplasmic storage sites. In this study, the mechanism of Ca2+ mobilization in uterine muscle cells by glycoside, dalsaxini, isolated from the root of D. Saxatilis was investigated in the rat. Uterine muscle contractility stimulated by dalsaxin was concentration dependent (ED50 0.13 mg/ml) and was significantly attenuated (85%; P < 0.01) in Ca(2+)-free physiological solution and in solutions containing verapamil (0.06-0.48 mumol). The small transient contraction observed in Ca(2+)-free medium was further suppressed by caffeine (2 mmol) and completely abolished in solutions containing Lanthanum chloride [(La3+), 2 mmol]. Contractions stimulated by the glycoside were unaffected by amiloride (50-83 mumol) in Ca(2+)-free and Ca(2+)-containing media. Dalsaxin also altered the pattern of uterine contraction stimulated by high potassium depolarization from fast-phasic to a sustained but transient plateau. It is concluded that dalsaxin causes uterine muscle contraction by mobilizing external Ca2+ through predominantly a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel.

Prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical priming and induction of labour in unfavourable cervical state.

To know the safety and efficacy of intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel over conventional intravenous infusion of oxytocin for priming and induction of labour, a prospective study was undertaken in 96 cases selected at random for both study and control series consisting 48 cases in each group with definite indication for termination of pregnancy having unfavourable cervical state. Periodic clinical assessment in different groups following the procedure revealed that by the end of 12 hours, 39 cases in the study and 28 cases in the control group had uterine contraction. Foetal heart rate abnormality was more marked in the oxytocin group (1.56% in the study group and 20.31% in the control group) while increase in Bishop's cervical scoring was noticed more often in the prostaglandin group. By the end of 12 hours of initiation of therapy, 17 cases in the study group and only 3 cases in the control group had spontaneous vaginal delivery. There was significant shortening of instillation and delivery interval in PGE2 group. The number of caesarean section in the study group was only 16.66% in comparison to 25% in the control group. Analysing the efficacy of the procedures adopted, the success rate in the prostaglandin group was 91.66% in contrast to 64.58% in the oxytocin group.

Trabalho de parto prematuro: I. Fisiologia da contracao uterina / Premature labor: I. Phisiology of uterine contraction

Os processos bioquimicos envolvidos na genese e controle da contracao uterina sao abordados sucintamente. A contracao miometrial ocorre de maneira similar a das demais fibras musculares lisas, sendo a principal etapa neste processo a formacao do complexo actinomiosina, a partir dos filamentos proteicos de actina e miosina. O desencadeamento da contracao muscular depende basicamente de elevacoes na concentracao intracelular de calcio. E feito referencia as substancias mediadoras da regulacao do fluxo de calcio e as vias de transporte intercelular deste ion. O mecanismo de acao de diversos agentes tocoliticos e explicado esquematicamente.