ABSTRACT
Os estudos paleoparasitológicos se caracterizam pela busca de parasitos em material arqueológico e paleontológico. Em geral, a maioria das pesquisas gira em torno de material de épocas mais recentes, principalmente relacionados a grupos humanos, que não chegam a datações de um milhão de anos. A busca por explicações mais antigas em relação ao surgimento das parasitoses nos leva aos animais extintos, que revelam nos vestígios deixados por eles, os parasitos que circulavam antes do surgimento dos seres humanos. Esse trabalho objetivou identificar parasitos que por ventura fossem encontrados em vestígios de animais extintos de diferentes idades geológicas. Então, 32coprólitos de 6 hospedeiros diferentes (caprino, hiena, duas espécies de peixes, cinodonte e dicinodonte), foram analisados nessa pesquisa, com datações que compreendem do Quaternário ao Triássico (10 mil a 240 milhões de anos antes do presente). Várias técnicas de recuperação de material mineralizado e dessecado foram utilizadas, de acordo com que cada coprólito foi preservado. Se mineralizado, técnicas com ácido e aparelho de ultrassom possibilitaram a análise, já para os coprólitos dessecados, foi feita apenas a reidratação com fosfato trissódico. Amostras de 4 hospedeiros foram positivas para parasitos. Cisto de protozoário em caprino, dois ovos de helmintos em coprólitos de hiena, um nematoda em dicinodonte, foram encontrados. Além de um ascarídeo e um oxyurídeo em coprólito de cinodonte, um réptil mamaliforme pertencente a um clado que originou os mamíferos, que apresentaram dois parasitos comumente achados em mamíferos modernos. Portanto, esses achados permitem que respostas sejam respondidas para compreender melhor a relação parasito hospedeiro-ambiente em diferentes épocas da história da vida...
Paleoparasitological studies are characterized by the search for parasites in archaeological and paleontological material. In general, most research centers around more recent material, mainly related to human groups, which doesn‟t reach the dating ofa million years. The search for older explanations in relation to the emergence of parasites leads us to extinct animals, which reveal on the traces left by them, the parasites that circulates before the appearance of humans. This study aimed to identifyparasites that were found in traces of extinct animals of different geological ages.Thereby, 32 coprolites 6 different hosts (goat, hyena, two species of fish, cynodont anddicynodonte) were analyzed in this study, with dating comprising from Quaternary toTriassic (10 thousands to 240 million years before present). Several techniques forrecovery of mineralized and dried material were used in accordance with the way eachcoprolite was preserved. If mineralized, techniques with acid and ultrasound deviceenabled the analysis, and for the disiccated coprolites, it was only made rehydrationwith trisodium phosphate. Samples of 4 hosts were positive for parasites. Protozoan cystin goats, two eggs of helminths in coprolites of hyena and nematode in dicynodonte, were found. In addition, an ascarid and an oxyurid egg in a coprolites of cynodont, amamaliforme reptile that belongs to a monophiletic clade that originated mammals,which showed two parasites commonly found in modern mammals. Therefore, thesefindings allow to fill gaps to understand the host-parasite-environment relationship better at different times in the history of life...
Subject(s)
Humans , Ascaris/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Helminths/parasitology , Oxyurida/parasitology , Paleopathology , ParasitologyABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo registrar a ocorrência de Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus em Alouatta guariba clamitans no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e fornecer dados quantitativos sobre as infrapopulações desses nematoides, além de dados morfológicos e biométricos de machos e fêmeas. Dois espécimes de A. guariba clamitans, mortos acidentalmente, foram necropsiados, visando aos estudos parasitológicos. Apenas o intestino grosso e o ceco estavam parasitados por T. (T.) minutus. A intensidade do parasitismo no intestino grosso foi de 6650 parasitos e a densidade de 2,6 parasitos/cm³ de intestino. No ceco, observou-se uma intensidade média de 6.753 ± 490,73 parasitos, com uma densidade média de 6,23 ± 5,13 parasitos/cm³. O presente trabalho fornece informações sobre a biometria dos adultos de T. (T.) minutus nessa espécie de hospedeiro, e se constitui no primeiro registro dessa espécie em A. guariba clamitans em Minas Gerais, Brasil.
This study aims to register the occurrence of Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus in Alouatta guariba clamitans, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Two specimens of A. guariba clamitans, died accidentally, have been necropsied for parasito-logical studies. Only the large intestine and caecum were infected by T. minutus. The parasitism intensity was 6650 parasites and the density was 2.6 parasites/cm³ of large intestine. In the caecum, the mean intensity was 6753 ± 490.73 parasites, with mean density of 6.23 ± 5.13 parasites/cm³. The present study supplies information on adult nematodes biometry and this is the first record of T. (T.) minutus in A. guariba clamitans from Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Atelidae/parasitology , Oxyurida/isolation & purification , Brazil , Oxyurida/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
We analysed the helminth fauna associated with the lizard Mabuya dorsivittata (Scincidae) from a high-altitude area in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Of the 16 lizards examined, 12 (75 percent) were infected by at least one helminth. Only two helminth species were found: Physaloptera retusa and Skrjabinodon spinosulus (Nematoda), the former with a prevalence of 68.8 percent and a mean infection intensity of 3.6 = or - 2.8 and the latter with a prevalence of 56.3 percent and a mean infection intensity of 2.6 + or - 2.6. The helminth fauna of the studied population of Mabuya dorsivittata was considerably poorer than those of other previously studied populations of congeners
Subject(s)
Animals , Lizards , Nematode Infections , Altitude , Brazil , Nematode Infections , Oxyurida , SpiruroideaSubject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Gerbillinae , Oxyurida , Oxyurida Infections , Rodent Diseases , Oxyurida InfectionsABSTRACT
Neyraiella distinctus n. sp. was found parasitizing nymphs of the cricket Gryllodes laplatae Sauss in City Bell, Argentina. This species was characterized by having the excretory pore in the posterior end of the basal bulb, vulva protruding with one lip well developed in the 1/3 end of the body, anus of the female with wings, male with a single spicule without any sculpture, gubernaculum and bursa are absent, six pairs of genital papillae arranged in two preanal pairs, one adanal pair and three postanal pairs, and the tail appendage in both sexes was short and conic
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Gryllidae , Oxyurida , Argentina , OxyuridaABSTRACT
Cephalobellus lobulata n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae) a parasite of the mole cricket Neocurtilla claraziana Saussure (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) found in Argentina is described and illustrated. It is characterized by a short buccal cavity armed with three teeth, a striated cuticle with the first annule wide with four lobes and the second annule divided in twelve lobes. The male have three pairs of preanal papillae and two pairs of postanal papillae.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Orthoptera/parasitology , Oxyurida/anatomy & histology , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Worm burdens recovered from inbred mice strains, namely C57B1/6, C57B1/10, CBA, BALB/c, DBA/2 and C3H/He, conventionnally maintained in two institutional animal houses in the State of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, were analysed and compared, regarding their prevalences and mean intensities. Three parasite species were observed: the nematodes Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata and the cestode Vampirolepis nana. A modification of the anal swab technique is also proposed for the first time as an auxiliary tool for the detection of oxyurid eggs in mice.