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1.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 33(3): 495-516, set.-dez. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-843775

ABSTRACT

Resumo Há uma crescente literatura empírica documentando que educação e cuidado parental de qualidade estão associados com um melhor desenvolvimento emocional e cognitivo da criança. Diante disso, governos de vários países vêm promovendo mudanças nas suas leis trabalhistas, com o objetivo de dar suporte financeiro e legal (proteção do emprego) para as mães e também os pais com crianças recém-nascidas. O Brasil aprovou recentemente o Marco Legal da Primeira Infância (Lei n. 13.257/2016), que ampliou a licença-paternidade de 5 para 20 dias. Pouco se sabe, entretanto, sobre o impacto econômico desse tipo de política pública. O presente trabalho procura quantificar os custos intertemporais do custo econômico direto da extensão da licença-paternidade para o Brasil. Para isso utilizam-se microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, indicadores do mercado de trabalho brasileiro e uma série de projeções populacionais para construir cenários estáticos para estimativas da probabilidade de os pais solicitarem o uso da licença. Os resultados indicam que a extensão da licença-paternidade para 20 dias tem baixo custo – cerca de R$ 100 milhões por ano no cenário mais provável, o que representa 0,01% da arrecadação federal em 2014. Conquanto a magnitude dos benefícios seja ainda desconhecida no Brasil, os resultados sugerem que esse tipo de intervenção será provavelmente custo-efetiva.


Resumen Existe una creciente documentación en la literatura empírica sobre la asociación entre la educación de calidad y el cuidado de los padres con un mejor desarrollo emocional y cognitivo de los niños. Por lo tanto, los gobiernos de varios países promueven cambios en sus leyes laborales destinadas al apoyo financiero y legal (protección del empleo) para madres y padres con hijos recién nacidos. Brasil aprobó recientemente el Marco da Primeira Infância (Ley 13.257/2016) que amplió el permiso parental de cinco a veinte días. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el impacto económico de este tipo de política pública. Este artículo pretende cuantificar los costos de la extensión temporal del permiso de paternidad. A partir de datos de la Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios, de indicadores del mercado de trabajo y de las proyecciones de población, se estimó el costo de la extensión del permiso. Los resultados indican que el costo de esta ampliación de la licencia es bajo —cerca de R$ 100 millones por año en el escenario más probable, lo que representa 0,01% de los ingresos federales en 2014—. Aunque la magnitud de los beneficios de este tipo de intervención sea desconocida en Brasil, los resultados muestran que es probable que sea costo-efectiva.


Abstract There is a growing empirical literature documenting that quality in early education and parental care are associated with better emotional and cognitive development later in life. With this in mind, governments in several countries have changed labor laws in order to give more employment security for parents of the newborns aiming to give financial and legal support (employment protection). A law recently passed in Brazil has increased paternity leave from 5 to 20 working days of paid leave (Marco da Primeira Infância, Law 13.257/2016). Little is known, however, about the economic impacts of such a law. This paper aims at quantifying the costs of such increase in paternity leave. By utilizing the annual household survey microdata (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios), some labor market indicators and a population projections series it is calculated fathers’ probability of claiming paternity benefits. Several long-range forecasts about the costs implementation produced. The results indicates that the increase in paid paternity leave, due to this change in the law, has relatively low cost – around 100 million Brazilian reais per year in the most likely scenario, an amount that is 0.01% of federal revenues in 2014. While the benefits of increasing paid paternity leave are still unknown in Brazil, the results suggest that this kind of intervention is likely to be cost-effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Job Market , Parental Leave/economics , Parental Leave/legislation & jurisprudence , Age Distribution , Brazil , Costs and Cost Analysis , Parental Leave/statistics & numerical data
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(1): 30-38, ene. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627604

ABSTRACT

Background: The increase in expenses of the health care system caused by sick leaves, especially those granted to mothers with children of less than one year of age with severe diseases, is a topic of concern. Aim: To describe the rates of sick leaves granted to mothers with children of less than one year of age with severe diseases from 2004 to 2008. Material and Methods: Analysis of databases containing information about sick leaves coming from Chilean public and private health care subsystems. Leaves granted to mothers with sick children of less than one year were specifically analyzed in terms of days off work and the amount of monetary benefits. Results: A sustained increase, ranging from 20 to 120% in the number of sick leaves motivated by diseases of children of less than one year, was observed. Thirty four percent of maternity leaves concentrate immediately after finishing the legal period (24 weeks after birth) and almost 60% of them occured within the first 6 months after birth. The most frequent diagnoses that motivated the higher number of leaves were gas-troesophageal reflux and bronchitis. Conclusions: There is probably a bad use of the benefit in a percentage of leaves. The benefit is also regressive since it favors mostly mothers of a better socioeconomic condition. The law that will extend the postnatal maternity leave will solve in part these problems.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Infant Care/trends , Parental Leave/trends , Chile , Infant Care/economics , Infant Care/statistics & numerical data , Parental Leave/economics , Parental Leave/statistics & numerical data , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 78(supl.1): 10-50, oct. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-482876

ABSTRACT

This study was ordered by the Board of Directors from the Chilean Paediatrics Society and sponsored by UMCEF. It reviews the medical benefits of breast feeding and the evidence of international maternity legislation in different countries, in order to expose the principal conclusions of this analysis. Besides, it reviews the Chilean situation in terms of rules, protection and political alternatives for promoting breast feeding. An evaluation of costs and benefits is performed for breast feeding, with special attention on savings in less artificial milk consumption, less infant morbidity and decrease in nursery school attendance. With this information, many recommendations promoting the benefits of a longer postnatal license are delivered.


Este estudio fue encargado por el directorio de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría con los auspicios de UMCEF. Revisa los beneficios médicos de la lactancia materna y la evidencia internacional de legislación durante la maternidad en diferentes países del mundo para entregar las principales conclusiones de este análisis. De igual manera se revisa la situación en Chile sobre normas y propuestas, aspectos de la protección, estudios realizados e identificación de alternativas de política para promover la lactancia materna. Se hace una evaluación de beneficios y costos de promover la lactancia materna con énfasis en el ahorro por menor consumo de leche de fórmula, el ahorro por menor morbilidad de los niños, las alternativas para promover la lactancia materna en las mujeres que trabajan, el ahorro por concepto de sala cuna y los costos asociados al beneficio. Con estos antecedentes se entregan principales recomendaciones que surgen de esta evaluación con claros beneficios en la prolongación del permiso postnatal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adult , Breast Feeding , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Health Promotion , Parental Leave/economics , Parental Leave/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Rev. cienc. adm. financ. segur. soc ; 10(2): 13-27, jul.-dic. 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-403889

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de la investigación se centró en determinar el impacto cuali-cuantitativo que representa para la C.C.S.S. las incapacidades por enfermedad y maternidad, mediante la elaboración y comparación de indicadores que se obtuvieron de una base de datos e información recopilada, de los años 1998 hasta el 2001. Se establece en cuáles establecimientos, según nivel de complejidad, se presenta la mayor proporción de incapacidades por trabajador; así mismo en cuáles unidades de trabajo en el ámbito de toda la Institución se generan el mayor promedio de incapacidades por trabajador y los respectivos costos; por otra parte, se describen los diagnósticos más frecuentes por los que se incapacitan los trabajadores de la C.C.S.S. y los respectivos montos por subsidios pagados. Al final, se presentan una serie de recomendaciones a fin de disminuir y prevenir las incapacidades de los empleados de la institución; y además, superar algunas deficiencias con que cuenta el Sistema de Incapacidades de empleados de la C.C.S.S.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cost of Illness , Costs and Cost Analysis , Disability Evaluation , Employer Health Costs , Impacts of Polution on Health , Parental Leave/economics , Sick Leave , Social Security , Costa Rica , Social Security
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