ABSTRACT
Background: No intravenous multivitamin formulation is available at the Chilean market that fulfills the requirements of pediatric patients on total parenteral nutrition. Therefore, adult formulations must be used. Aim: To prepare a parenteral aqueous multivitamin solution, to be used in pediatric patients. Material and methods: The solution was prepared, mixing vitamins according to their stability and compatibility, in a horizontal laminar flow hood. The quality control for this formulation at times zero and 30 days consisted of an organoleptic analysis, microbiologic and pyrogen controls and vitamin quantification. In addition, the effect of vitamin solution incorporation on the stability of total parenteral nutrition formulae was evaluated. The approximated production cost was calculated. Results: The ampoules did not show changes on the organoleptic characteristics. No bacterial contamination or pyrogens were detected. Total parenteral nutrition solutions were not modified after the incorporation of the vitamins. The vitamin solution was stable for one month at 4ºC. Conclusions: The manufacture of this formulation results in significant savings, because it has a low manufacturing cost and fulfills pediatric requirements
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Vitamins , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/methods , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Solubility , Body Weight , Cost Savings , Drug Stability , Injections, Intravenous , Nutritional Requirements , Dosage Forms , Parenteral Nutrition , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/economicsABSTRACT
In a retrospective study fifty patients admitted to a combined medical and surgical intensive care unit were surveyed to see the pattern of nutritional support. The routine practices of initial assessment and monitoring of the nutritional state, ordering and technique of feeding, routes of administration and complications were noted over a 3 week period. This gives an idea of the pattern of care and problems associated with nutritional support of the critically ill in this part of the world. The average cost of parenteral nutrition for three weeks was approximately Rs. 25,960 ($865 approx.) per patient.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Enteral Nutrition/economics , Female , Hospital Costs , Humans , India , Intensive Care Units/economics , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Support/economics , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/economics , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva de esófago y/o estómago que fueron apoyados mediante el uso de NPT (nutrición parental total) perioperatoria. El estudio comprendió los pacientes ingresados al hospital de Especialidades de CMNO entre enero de 1983 y marzo de 1987. Todos los pacientes incluidos llenaban criterios clínicos y de laboratorio de desnutrición grave y se les dividió en 2 grupos: en uno la NPT se inició como preoperatoria y se continuó hasta que el paciente fue capaz de lograr una ingestión alimentaria y satisfacer sus requerimientos nutricios (GE = 32 pacientes); en el otro se administró sólo durante el periodo postoperatorio (GE = 13 pacientes). El resultado de dicho análisis demostró diferencia estadíswticamente significativa en cuanto a morbilidad (GC = 100 por ciento, GE = 28 por ciento), mortalidad (GC = 30 por ciento, GE = nula), necesidad de reintervenciones (GC = 30 por ciento GE = nula), y costo (mayor en GE). Las complicaciones secundarias a la administración de NPT fueron del 23 por ciento en GC y de 15 por ciento en GE, no hubo mortalidad por este concepto. consideramos que lo anterior enfatiza la necesidad de seleccionar a los pacientes con cirugía electiva mayor para someterlos a NPT pre y postoperatoria hasta que logren por vía oral o enteral cubrir sus requerimientos, siempre que se detecten por clínica o por laboratorio datos de desnutrición grave.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Esophagus/surgery , Nutrition Disorders/complications , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/economics , Intraoperative Period/rehabilitation , Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Parenteral Nutrition, Total/adverse effects , Postoperative PeriodABSTRACT
Seventeen children aged 3 weeks to 19 months with severe Protracted Diarrhea (PD), and who were deteriorating on our standard management protocol (including special diets) were given Parenteral Nutrition (PN) for 4 to 19 days with crystalline aminoacid solution (Vamin N) in 10% dextrose and lipid emulsion (Intralipid 10%). Peripheral lines were used in majority (84%). Enteral feeds were started early and rebuilt as per tolerance. The mean daily protein and caloric intake achieved by hyperalimentation was 2.2 +/- 0.7 g/kg and 106 +/- 41 K cal/kg respectively. Diarrheal control and improvement in nutritional status was achieved in all but 4 who died (2 of refractory diarrhea and 2 of sepsis, 1 of which was probably PN related). Other PN related, treatable complications included thrombophlebitis (11.8%), sepsis (17.6%), and metabolic imbalance (17.6%). PN solutions and accessories alone cost an approximate average of Rs. 280/day, with extras for biochemical monitoring (Rs. 70/day) and special nursing (Rs. 200/day). Only 5 of the 13 survivors had a significant relapse of PD, within 5 to 80 days of discharge, necessitating further PN in 2. There were no further deaths. PN was therefore, found to be of life saving value in 13 of 17 children with severe protracted diarrhea and therefore, must be available in specialised units caring for such children.