ABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo versa sobre os aspectos históricos da política de controle da hanseníase no estado do Amazonas, desde a segunda metade do século XIX até a desconstrução desse modelo, em 1978. Apresentamos as mudanças históricas das instituições e das políticas locais, e a relação com a política nacional. A história e a política da hanseníase no estado do Amazonas são analisadas a partir das seguintes instituições: Umirisal, Dispensário Oswaldo Cruz, Leprosaria de Paricatuba, Colônia Antônio Aleixo, Preventório Gustavo Capanema. Procuramos mostrar que essas instituições realizaram o cuidado de pessoas que viveram e conviveram com a hanseníase e foram, também, responsáveis pela execução da política de combate e controle da hanseníase.
Abstract This article discusses the historical aspects of the policies for controlling Hansen’s disease in the state of Amazonas from the second half of the nineteenth century until the dismantling of this model in 1978. We present the historical changes in the local institutions and policies, and their relationship with national policies. The history and policies related to Hansen’s disease in the state of Amazonas are analyzed through the following institutions: Umirisal, the Oswaldo Cruz Dispensary, the Paricatuba Leprosarium, the Antônio Aleixo Colony, and the Gustavo Capanema Preventorium. We seek to show that these institutions cared for the people who suffered from Hansen’s disease and those related to them, and were also responsible for carrying out the policies for fighting and controlling the disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Patient Isolation/history , Health Policy/history , Leper Colonies/history , Leprosy/history , Patient Isolation/legislation & jurisprudence , Leprosy/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We present a model for the 2009 influenza epidemic in Mexico to describe the observed pattern of the epidemic from March through the end of August (before the onset of the expected winter epidemic) in terms of the reproduction number and social isolation measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The model uses a system of ordinary differential equations. Computer simulations are performed to optimize trajectories as a function of parameters. RESULTS: We report on the theoretical consequences of social isolation using published estimates of the basic reproduction number. The comparison with actual data provides a reasonable good fit. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of the epidemic outbreak in Mexico is characterized by two peaks resulting from the application of very drastic social isolation measures and other prophylactic measures that lasted for about two weeks. Our model is capable of reproducing the observed pattern.
OBJETIVO: Se presenta un modelo de la epidemia de influenza en México en 2009 para describir el patrón observado desde marzo hasta finales de agosto (antes del inicio de la epidemia invernal), en términos del número reproductivo y las medidas de aislamiento social. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El modelo es un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias. Se realizaron simulaciones computacionales para la optimización de trayectorias como función de los parámetros. RESULTADOS: Se exploran las consecuencias de esta última medida combinada con los valores estimados en la literatura médica del número reproductivo básico. CONCLUSIONES: El patrón de la epidemia mexicana de influenza es bimodal debido a la aplicación del aislamiento social y otras medidas profilácticas que duró aproximadamente dos semanas. Este modelo es capaz de reproducir el patrón observado.