ABSTRACT
Identifié depuis 1976, le filovirus Ebola est la cause d´une maladie caractérisée principalement par un syndrome grippale inaugural avec une fièvre quasi permanente suivi des signes digestifs: diarrhée, vomissement à la base de la déshydratation. La mort survient souvent dans un tableau de défaillance multi-viscérale (insuffisance hépatorénale, encéphalopathie voire, trouble de coagulation). Le taux de mortalité est compris entre 50 et 90%. Traditionnellement, les malades suspects et confirmés à Ebola étaient isolés dans des tentes pour un traitement essentiellement symptomatique avec utilisation fort limitée des actes invasifs. Les mesures de prévention n´étaient faites que de respect des mesures d´hygiène. Chez les personnels soignants, le taux de contamination était de 76% lors de la première épidémie de Yambuku. Au fil du temps, des mesures de prise en charge se sont améliorées par l´utilisation du vaccin, une réanimation appropriée, traitement spécifique au filovirus et l´utilisation des CUBE (chambre d´urgence biosécurisée pour epidémie).
Identified in 1976, Ebola virus, a member of the Filoviridae family (filovirus), can cause a disease mainly characterized by inaugural influenza-like syndrome with almost permanent fever followed by gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting causing dehydration. Death often occurs as a result of multi-system organ failure (hepatorenal failure, encephalopathy or even blood clotting disorders). Mortality rate is between 50 and 90%. Traditionally, patients with suspected and diagnosed Ebola were isolated in tents for essentially symptomatic treatment with very limited use of invasive procedures. Prevention consisted of measures aimed at respecting hygiene. Among caregivers,infection rate was 76% during the first Yambuku outbreak. Over time, management measures have been improved by the use of the vaccine, appropriate resuscitation techniques, specific treatment for filovirus and the use of BECUO (Biosecure Emergency Care Unit for Outbreaks).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Signs and Symptoms , Vaccination , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola , Disease Management , Patient Isolators , Diagnosis , EbolavirusABSTRACT
El documento contiene las disposiciones para la organización, funcionamiento y atención de salud en el Centro de Atención y Aislamiento Temporal "Villa Panamericana"
Subject(s)
Patient Isolators , Patient Care Management , Guidelines as Topic , Hospitals, Isolation , COVID-19Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/transmission , Environment, Controlled , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Patient Isolators , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmission , Filtration , Hospital Design and Construction , Hospitals, Teaching , Ventilation/standardsABSTRACT
Contenido: Medidas para la higiene de manos. Medidas de aislamiento. Precauciones de aislamiento basadas en la transmisión. Precauciones de aislamiento para pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Medidas para la higiene hospitalaria. Medidas para el manipuleo de ropa limpia y sucia. Medidas para aplicar en sistemas de infusión a través de catéteres intravasculares. Medidas para aplicar en pacientes con terapia respiratoria. Medidas para aplicar en pacientes con heridas y drenajes. Medidas para aplicar en pacientes con catéter urinario. Medidas para el manejo de residuos hospitalarios. Medidas para el uso de antisépticos. Medidas para el uso de desinfectantes. Medidas para la limpieza y desinfección de endoscopios. Medidas para el control de infecciones en cirugía.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Infection Control , Medical Waste , Patient IsolatorsABSTRACT
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica se caracteriza por una obstrucción al flujo aéreo a consecuencia de un proceso inflamatorio crónico que depende de muchos factores, entre ellos, el control a nivel genético. La presencia de polimorfismos en el sistema de antígenos leucocitarios humanos ha sido asociado con varias enfermedades. Pocos estudios se han enfocado hacia el posible rol de las variaciones en el locus antígenos leucocitarios humanos humano y el desarrollo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Se realizó la tipificación de antígenos leucocitarios humanos clase I y II en 50 pacientes de raza mestiza, con diagnóstico de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, utilizando la técnica de PCR-SSP, comparando los pacientes estudiados con 108 controles. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y controles, con respecto a la frecuencia de los alelos antígenos leucocitarios humanos clase I y II. No se encontró asociación de alelos del sistema antígenos leucocitarios humanos con presencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by the progressive obstruction of air flow and it is partially reversible due to the destruction of the pulmonary parenchyma and inflammation of the air ways. The development of this inflammatory pathology depends on several factors including the major histocompatibility complex. Few studies have dealt with the possible role of major histocompatibility complex variations and obstructive pulmonary disease development and chronicity. Major histocompatibility complex class I and II genetic analysis was performed in 50 hybrid patients, with technique of amplification of specific primers (PCR-SSP) (Genovision®). As a comparison 108 controls were used. No significant differences were encountered in frequencies of class I and II patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and controls. No association was found in major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and obstructive pulmonary disease. Further studies should assess other genes for ascertain susceptibility to develop the disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Environment, Controlled , HLA Antigens , Lung Diseases, Obstructive , Patient IsolatorsABSTRACT
The efficacy of rubber dam, antiseptic mouth rinse and both procedures together in controlling atmospheric bacterial contamination during conservative procedures in the paedodontic clinic at Tanta University was assessed. Distribution of bacterial contamination varied depending on the position of the tooth in the mouth. The highest airborne bacterial contamination was found on the plates positioned on the patient's chest. There was 98.8% bacterial reduction at 1 metre when rubber dam was used. This reduction increased when antiseptic mouth rinse was used before rubber dam application. Bacterial contamination fell sharply with increased distance from the head-rest