Tratamiento quirúrgico de las colecciones agudas y crónicas del pericardio / Surgical treatment of acute and chronic collections of the pericardium

Introducción: las colecciones agudas o crónicas del pericardio con frecuencia producen una compresión del corazón que en los casos crónicos conlleva invalidez y, en los agudos, peligro de muerte por taponamiento cardíaco. Objetivo: caracterizar a los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Manuel Fajardo entre 1995 y 2012 a causa de colecciones pericárdicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con los pacientes atendidos quirúrgicamente en dicha institución por colecciones del pericardio. Constituyeron el universo 24 pacientes: 22 con colecciones agudas y 2 con colecciones crónicas. Resultados: la causa más frecuente de los derrames agudos fue la pericarditis aguda idiopática (25 por ciento). Las colecciones crónicas fueron por pericarditis fibrosa de causa idiopática en el 100 por ciento de los enfermos. La intervención realizada fue la resección del pericardio y el drenaje de las colecciones agudas mediante toracotomía izquierda o por vía preperitoneal subxifoidea. En las colecciones de origen maligno se realizó la resección pericárdica con fines paliativos y, en los derrames por lesión traumática del corazón, la sutura de este órgano fue el tratamiento quirúrgico empleado en todos los casos. En las pericarditis constrictivas, la pericardiectomía radical fue el tratamiento empleado en el 100 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: el tratamiento quirúrgico en las colecciones agudas y crónicas del pericardio permite drenar el contenido por una ventana pericárdica obtenida por toracoscopia o por vía preperitoneal subxifoidea, mientras que la toracotomía izquierda es útil en las emergencias. En los derrames crónicos con fibrosis y síntomas de insuficiencia cardíaca, la pericardiectomía radical mediante esternotomía media ofrece los mejores resultados(AU)

Introduction: chronic and acute collections of the pericardium often cause heart compression in chronic cases leading to disability and risk of death by acute cardiac tamponade. Objective: to describe the results of surgically treating patients who suffered pericardial collections in Comandante Manuel Fajardo hospital during the 1995 to 2012 period. Methods: across-sectional descriptive study of 24 surgical patients, 22 with acute pericardial collections and two with chronic pericardial collections. Results: the most frequent cause of acute pericardial effusions was acute idiopathic pericarditis (25 percent). Chronic collections resulted from fibrotic pericarditis of unknown origin in 100 percent of patients. The surgical procedure was excision of the pericardium and drainage of the acute collection through left sided thoracotomy or the subxyphoid pre-peritoneal route. In the case of malignancy, palliative resection was performed and in the case of traumatic heart injure, the treatment of choice was suture of this organ in all the cases. Constrictive pericarditis was managed by radical pericardiodectomy in 100 percent of cases. Conclusions: the surgical treatment of acute and chronic collections of the pericardium allows draining through a pericardial opening created by thoracoscopy or subxyphoid preperitoneal route. The best technique in emergencies was left thoracotomy. In the chronic collections with fibrosis and heart failure symptoms, the radical pericardiodectomy performed by means of middle sternotomy offers the best results(AU)

Pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis: is prolonged inotropic support a bad omen?

Sixty-seven patients who underwent pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis at JIPMER, Pondicherry between 1987 and 1998 were the subjects of the study. Pre-operatively 70% of cases were in the New York Heart Association classes III and IV categories with clinical signs suggestive of constriction ie, raised jugular venous pressure in 99%, pleural effusion in 77%, pedal oedema in 61% and ascites in 55% of the cases. Seventy-five per cent of the cases underwent pericardiectomy through a median sternotomy and the rest via left anterolateral thoracotomy. Low cardiac output was evidenced in 70% of cases postoperatively which was managed by early institution and prolonged use of inotropes. There was 9% mortality especially in the early part of the experience. Tuberculous pathology was confirmed histologically in 57% cases. Sixty-three per cent of cases are presenting in follow-up in New York Heart Association class I. Prolonged use of inotropes instituted early in postoperative period is recommended to prevent postoperative ventricular dysfunction with adrenaline being the preferred inotrope. It is concluded that postoperative New York Heart Association class and long term survival were not significantly influenced by pre-operative New York Heart Association class, operative approach or peri-operative low cardiac output syndrome requiring prolonged inotropic support.

Estudo dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da síndrome pós-pericardiotomia / Study of high risk factors for the occurrence of post-pericardiotomy syndrome

A síndrome pós-pericardiotomia ocorre entre a primeira e a segunda semanas de pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, aparentemente como resposta imunoinflamatória ao trauma transoperatório. Permanece ainda sem definição o padrão-ouro para aferir sua ocorrência. OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de SPP em amostra de pacientes adultos, avaliando o papel de potenciais fatores de risco, assim como o desempenho diagnóstico da troponina I cardíaca (cTnI) e do fator necrose tumoral alfa...