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1.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 19(2): e654, mayo.-ago. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126366

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En diciembre del año 2019, una serie de casos de neumonía surgieron en Wuhan, Hubei, China; el 11 de marzo de 2020 se identifica el primer caso en Cuba. El SARS-CoV-2 se transmite rápidamente con consecuencias nefastas para la población y constituye actualmente una pandemia. Las técnicas avanzadas para manejo de vía aérea son propias de anestesiólogos e intensivistas, estas complejas y requieren de elementos y dispositivos que no se encuentran generalmente fuera del ámbito de quirófano. Objetivo: Describir la conducta anestesiológica ante pacientes anunciados para procedimientos quirúrgicos de urgencias o emergencia, con sospecha o confirmación de estar infectado por la COVID-19, durante el perioperatorio. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de artículos referentes a conductas y estrategias a seguir en pacientes con sospecha/confirmación de la enfermedad COVID-19, tales como: preparación y limpieza del quirófano, consideraciones anestésicas, manejo de la vía aérea y las medidas y equipos de protección necesarias para el personal anestésico-quirúrgico. Desarrollo: La Organización Mundial de la Salud y organizaciones sanitarias recomiendan adoptar en todos estos enfermos de forma rutinaria, una serie de indicaciones descritas en el presente artículo. Conclusiones: Se requiere de entrenamiento y actualización continua por parte del personal médico y paramédico. Los especialistas involucrados en el manejo de la vía área deben disponer de algoritmos locales y del material necesario para garantizar una atención perioperatoria de calidad(AU)


Introduction: In December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases appeared in Wuhan, Hubei, China. On March 11, 2020, the first case in Cuba was identified. SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly, with fatal consequences for the population, and is currently a pandemic. The advanced techniques for the management of the airways are typical of anesthesiologists and intensivists. These are complex and require elements and devices not generally found outside the operating room. Objective: To describe the anesthesiological behavior in patients announced for emergency surgical procedures and with suspicion or confirmation of being affected by COVID-19, during the perioperative period. Methods: A review of articles referring to behaviors and strategies to follow in patients with suspicion/confirmation of COVID-19 disease was carried out; for example, preparation and cleaning of the operating room, anesthetic considerations, management of the airway, as well as the safety measures and the equipment necessary for the anesthetic-surgical personnel. Development: The World Health Organization and other health organizations recommend that a series of indications described in this article be adopted routinely in all these patients. Conclusions: Continuous training and updating is required by medical and paramedical personnel. The specialists involved in the management of the airways must have local algorithms and the materials necessary to guarantee quality perioperative care(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronavirus Infections/surgery , Perioperative Care/education , Perioperative Care/methods , Airway Management/methods , Anesthesiologists , Anesthesia Department, Hospital/ethics , Algorithms , Coronavirus Infections/transmission
2.
Rev. cuba. anestesiol. reanim ; 18(2): e496, mayo.-ago. 2019.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1093108

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada o precoz, hoy en día, constituyen un eslabón fundamental cuando se habla de mejorar la calidad de la atención perioperatoria que se brinda a los enfermos en aras de disminuir la incidencia de complicaciones. Un acápite fundamental en ellos está en relación con la evaluación, optimización y el apoyo nutricional oportuno. Objetivo: Demostrar la importancia de una adecuada valoración y un oportuno apoyo nutricional perioperatorio en los enfermos programados para procedimientos quirúrgicos cardiacos, así como exponer los aspectos esenciales a considerar en relación a esta temática. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura relacionada con el tema. Desarrollo: La desnutrición es uno de los problemas más importantes, así se evidencia en una serie de publicaciones que datan desde 1976 hasta la actualidad. La evaluación del estado nutricional se debe realizar durante todo el período perioperatorio. En sus diferentes fases se describen una serie de factores de riesgos que, cuando están presentes, obligan a instaurar un apoyo nutricional precoz e intensivo por vía parenteral y/o enteral. Conclusiones: La evaluación y la optimización preoperatoria del estado nutricional es vital para una adecuada evolución perioperatoria de los enfermos, por lo que debe constituir parte indispensable de la consulta anestesiológica. El apoyo nutricional debe de ser instaurado de forma precoz una vez identificados los indicadores de riesgo en aras de disminuir la incidencia de complicaciones perioperatorias(AU)


Introduction: Enhanced or fast-track recovery protocols, nowadays, constitute a fundamental link when it comes to improving the quality of perioperative care provided to patients for reducing the incidence of complications. A fundamental section in them is related to the evaluation, optimization and timely nutritional support. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of adequate evaluation and timely perioperative nutritional support in patients scheduled for cardiac surgical procedures. Methods: We carried out a review of the literature related to the subject. Development: Malnutrition is one of the most important problems, as evidenced by a series of publications dating from 1976 to date. The evaluation of nutritional status must be carried out throughout the perioperative period. In its different phases, a series of risk factors are described and, when present, require the introduction of early and intensive parenteral and/or enteral nutritional support. Conclusions: The evaluation and preoperative optimization of the nutritional status is vital for an adequate perioperative evolution of patients, so it must be an indispensable part of the anesthesiological consultation. Nutritional support should be established early once the risk indicators have been identified, in order to reduce the incidence of perioperative complications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Nutrition Assessment , Perioperative Care/education , Perioperative Care/methods , Review , /methods
3.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2019. 87 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1419138

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre a assistência perioperatória aos pacientes com trauma para estabelecimento dos aspectos fundamentais para elaboração de um protocolo de atendimento; identificar o perfil sociodemográfico, clínico e terapêutico de pacientes com traumas, atendidos em um serviço de pronto socorro cirúrgico, em uma instituição pública; e propor um protocolo de assistência de enfermagem perioperatória com base neste perfil e na demanda de necessidades desta clientela. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa do estudo foi realizada mediante a Revisão Integrativa (RI), fundamentada na Prática Baseada em Evidências, com delimitação temática com a estratégia PICO, para responder a questão: "Quais as evidências científicas sobre a assistência de enfermagem perioperatória para pacientes com traumas nas unidades de pronto atendimento?" para elaboração de um protocolo perioperatório com busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science e Medline (Index Medicus Eletrônico da National Library of Medicine). Resultados: A amostra final de 13 artigos científicos evidenciou a necessidade de padronização dos cuidados específicos no pré, intra e pós-operatórios para o atendimento de pacientes com traumas nas unidades de atendimento hospitalar, que subsidiaram a elaboração do protocolo de assistência perioperatória para pacientes com traumas em um Pronto Socorro de Cirurgia. Na segunda etapa, com o estudo descritivo transversal foi obtida a caracterização da clientela (Parecer No. 115/2018 CEP/EERP-USP - CAAE 87824418.8.0000.5393), que definiu a especificidade sociodemográfico, clínico e terapêutico de pacientes com traumas e direcionamento para a elaboração final do protocolo. Conclusões: O protocolo proposto contempla os componentes Caracterização da Clientela, Definição das opções terapêuticas, Implementação do protocolo e Implantação do protocolo. Acreditamos que este protocolo poderá contribuir efetivamente na padronização das ações para a melhoria da assistência aos pacientes com traumas em um serviço de pronto socorro


Introduction: This is a methodological study. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the perioperative assistance to patients with trauma to establish the fundamental aspects for the elaboration of a care protocol; to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic profile of patients with trauma, attended at a surgical emergency service, in a public institution; and to propose a perioperative nursing care protocol based on this profile and on the needs of this clientele. Method: A two-step methodological study. The first stage of the study with the Integrative Review (IR), was based on the Evidence Based Practice, with thematic delimitation with the PICO strategy, to answer the question: "What scientific evidence on perioperative nursing care for patients with trauma in emergency care units?" for the elaboration of a perioperative protocol with a search in the Scopus, Web of Science and Medline (Index Medicus Electronic of the National Library of Medicine) databases. Results: The final sample of 13 scientific articles evidenced the need for standardization of specific preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care for the treatment of trauma patients in the hospital care units, which supported the elaboration of the perioperative care protocol for patients with trauma in emergency unit. In the second stage, with the descriptive cross-sectional study was the characterization of the clientele (CEP/EERP-USP No. 115/2018 - CAAE 87824418.8.0000.5393), which defined the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic specificity of patients with traumas and directed to the final elaboration of the protocol. Conclusions: The proposed protocol includes the components Characterization of the Client, Definition of the therapeutic options, Implementation of the protocol and Implementation of Customers, Definition of therapeutic options, Protocol implementation and Protocol deployment. We believe that this protocol can effectively contribute to the standardization of actions to improve the care of patients with trauma in a first aid service


Subject(s)
Perioperative Nursing , Wounds and Injuries , Perioperative Care/education , Ambulatory Care/organization & administration
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(6): 541-548, Nov.-Dec. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604207

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Demonstrate that the rabbit may be used in the training of surgery, in addition to present its perioperative care. METHODS: Thirty two animals, with age and weight, respectively, from 3 to 5.5 months old and 3000 to 4200 grams, were undergone different periods of pre-operative fasting, exclusive intramuscular anesthesia (ketamine+xylazine), laparotomy with total gastrectomy and total splenectomy. It was dosed the pre-operative (initial) and post-surgical (end) serum blood glucose, in addition to quantify the gastric content after the resection of the part. RESULTS: The anesthetical-surgical procedure presented a mortality rate of 3.125 percent (1:32) and a morbidity rate of 6.25 percent (2:32). It was evidenced an initial mean blood glucose = 199.4 mg/dl and the end = 326.1 mg/dl. In spite of extended fasting (minimum of 2 hours for the absolute fasting and maximum of 8.5 hours for liquids, and 20.5 hours for solids) all animals presented at the end of the surgical procedure any gastric content and a blood glucose increase. Those with fasting for liquids and solids when compared to the quantity of solid gastric content, presented a moderate negative degree of correlation. CONCLUSION: The rabbit is a good model to be used in training of surgery, with a low morbi-mortality, able to be anesthetized intramuscularly, with no need of pre-operative fasting and does not present hypoglycemia even with the extended fasting period.


OBJETIVO: Demonstrar que o coelho pode ser utilizado no treinamento em cirurgia, além de apresentar seus cuidados perioperatórios. MÉTODOS: Trinta e dois animais, com idade e peso respectivamente, entre 3 a 5,5 meses e 3000 a 4200 gramas, foram submetidos a variados tempos de jejum pré-operatório, anestesia intramuscular exclusiva (quetamina+xilasina), laparotomia com gastrectomia e esplenectomia totais. Dosou-se a glicemia sérica pré-operatória (inicial) e pós-cirúrgica (final), além de quantificado o conteúdo gástrico pós-gastrectomia. RESULTADOS: O procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico apresentou taxa de mortalidade de 3,125 por cento (1:32) e morbidade de 6,25 por cento (2:32). Evidenciou-se glicemia média inicial = 199,4 mg/dl e final = 326,1 mg/dl. Apesar de jejuns prolongados (mínimo de 2 horas para jejum absoluto e máximo de 8,5 horas para líquidos, e 20,5 horas para sólidos) todos os animais apresentaram no final do procedimento cirúrgico algum conteúdo gástrico e aumento da glicemia. Aqueles com jejum para líquidos e sólidos quando comparados com a quantidade de conteúdo gástrico sólido e total apresentaram grau moderadamente negativo de correlação linear. CONCLUSÃO: O coelho é um bom modelo para ser utilizado em treinamento de cirurgia, com baixa morbimortalidade, passível de ser anestesiado por via intramuscular, sem necessidade de jejum pré-operatório e ausência de hipoglicemia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Fasting/blood , Gastrectomy/education , Laparotomy/education , Models, Animal , Rabbits , Splenectomy/education , Blood Glucose/analysis , Gastric Emptying , Prospective Studies , Perioperative Care/education , Perioperative Care/methods , Preoperative Care/education , Preoperative Care/methods
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