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1.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 37(1): e1230, ene.-mar. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1251721

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las plaquetas tienen una función clave en la hemostasia primaria a través de cuatro mecanismos fundamentales: adhesión, agregación, secreción y actividad procoagulante, todos controlados genéticamente por más de 50 genes asociados que han sido identificados. Las manifestaciones clínicas en las alteraciones hereditarias de las plaquetas suelen ser variables; aunque estas alteraciones de la coagulación suelen presentarse con una trombocitopenia notoria, también pueden exhibir trombocitopatías, en las cuales la capacidad hemostática de las plaquetas resulta afectada sin variar su número. Por tanto, existen gran variedad de manifestaciones fenotípicas y mutaciones en relación con la función plaquetaria, algunas de las cuales se explicarán más adelante. Objetivo: Realizar revisión práctica sobre mutaciones plaquetarias hereditarias de baja incidencia y destacar la importancia de su conocimiento, correcto diagnóstico, y tratamiento precoz. Métodos: Se realizó revisión literaria en inglés y españolen MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs y ScienceDirect desde mayo 2019 hasta abril 2020, con el uso de combinación de palabras clave y términos MeSH relacionados con trombastenia, genética médica, hemostasis, agregación plaquetaria, trombopoyesis. Se efectuó análisis y resumen de la bibliografía revisada. Conclusión: Entre las alteraciones hereditarias de las plaquetas se pueden encontrar defectos en todos los mecanismos en que participan; sin embargo, la confirmación diagnóstica sigue siendo complicada por el tiempo y el costo que representa lo que ocasiona diagnósticos inadecuados que impactan en el manejo clínico y la evolución(AU)


Introduction: Platelets have a key role in primary hemostasis through four main mechanisms: adhesion, aggregation, secretion and procoagulant activity, all of these controlled by over 50 associated genes that have been identified. Clinical signs of hereditary platelets alterations are usually variable; even though these disorders of hemostasis generally course with a notorious thrombocytopenia, they also might have thrombocytopathies, in which the hemostatic capacity of platelets is affected without altering its number. According to this, there's a great variety of phenotypic manifestations and mutations that affect platelet function, some of these will be explained later on. Objective: To make a practical review of hereditary platelets mutations that have low incidence in population and to highlight the importance of knowing about them, how to diagnose them and early treatment. Methods: A review of literature in both Spanish and English, was done based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs and ScienceDirect, during May 2019 and April 2020 using key words and MeSH terms such as thrombasthenia, medical genetics, hemostasis, platelets aggregation, thromopoiesis. Then, an analysis and summary of the reviewed bibliography was carried out. Conclusion: Among the hereditary alterations of platelets, many defects can be found in every mechanism involved; however, diagnostic confirmation is still complicated due to time and cost, causing inaccurate diagnoses that impact on clinic management and evolution(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Coagulation , Blood Platelet Disorders/epidemiology , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Early Diagnosis , Genetics, Medical , Hemostasis/genetics , Blood Platelet Disorders/prevention & control
2.
Rev. cuba. med ; 56(1): 39-49, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-901264

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los estudios de agregación plaquetaria permiten identificar pacientes con trastornos de función y el monitoreo de terapias antiplaquetarias, estableciéndose patrones clásicos. Debido a que no está establecido un acuerdo acerca del establecimiento de los rangos de referencia, existen numerosos esfuerzos actualmente para mejorar la estandarización de esta prueba. Objetivos: establecer los valores de referencia para los estudios de agregación plaquetaria con diferentes agonistas en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras comparándolos con los preestablecidos en la literatura. Identificar la influencia de las variables: sexo, hábito de fumar y consumo de alcohol. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, de agregación plaquetaria utilizando diferentes agonistas, en el laboratorio clínico del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras entre septiembre de 2009 y septiembre de 2015. La población de estudio estuvo integrada por 192 donantes del banco de sangre, utilizados como control. Los rangos de referencia de la agregación plaquetaria con los diferentes agonistas se obtuvieron utilizando los percentiles 2.5 (P2.5) y 97.5 (P97.5) y para comparar la media poblacional de este estudio con la media muestral prestablecida en la literatura se empleó la prueba de t para una muestra. Resultados: la media del porcentaje de agregación que se obtuvo en nuestro estudio con cada agonista fue: ADP: 62,4 por ciento, epinefrina: 66,4 por ciento, colágeno: 69,9 por ciento y ristocetina: 69,7 por ciento.Los intervalos de referencia en la investigación con cada agonista fueron los siguientes: ADP: 44,1-86,7 por ciento, epinefrina: 50,8-80,0 por ciento, colágeno: 60,0-85,5 por ciento y ristocetina: 52,9-91,7 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las variables sexo, hábito de fumar y consumo de alcohol no influyeron en los resultados del estudio de agregación plaquetaria. Los resultados de la población para el estudio de agregación plaquetaria presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararlos con los valores de agregación preestablecidos en la literatura(AU)


Introduction: Platelet aggregation studies allow the identification of patients with functional disorders and the monitoring of antiplatelet therapies, establishing classic patterns. Because there is no agreement on the establishment of reference ranges, numerous efforts are currently being made to improve the standardization of this test. Objectives: To establish reference values for platelet aggregation studies with different agonists by comparing them with those preset in the literature, at Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital. To identify the influence of the variables sex, smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of platelet aggregation using different agonists was performed in the clinical laboratory of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, between September 2009 and September 2015. The study population consisted of 192 donors from the blood bank, used as control group. The reference ranges of platelet aggregation with the different agonists were obtained using the 2.5 (P2.5) and 97.5 (P97.5) percentiles. In order to compare this study's population mean with the sample mean preset in the literature, we used the T-test for one sample. Results: The mean of aggregation percentage obtained in our study with each agonist was ADP (62.4 percent), epinephrine (66.4 percent), collagen (69.9 percent), and ristocetin (69.7 percent). The reference ranges in the research with each agonist were the following: ADP (44.1-86.7 percent), epinephrine (50.8-80.0 percent), collagen (60.0-85.5 percent), and ristocetin (52.9-91.7 percent). Conclusions: The variables gender, smoking and alcohol consumption did not influence the results of the platelet aggregation study. The results of the population for the platelet aggregation study presented statistically significant differences when compared with the values of aggregation preset in the literature(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Platelet Aggregation , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Reference Values , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study
3.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 22(2): 131-136, Apr-Jun/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722247

ABSTRACT

Introdução: No contexto do infarto agudo do miocárdio, o diabetes mellitus está associado à maior mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se existem, entre os diabéticos, peculiaridades no processo de aterotrombose que poderiam estar implicadas em maior risco para tal desfecho. Métodos: Estudo piloto, proveniente de coorte de pacientes com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea primária e à tromboaspiração. Foram estudadas variáveis clínico-laboratoriais de cada caso. Os trombos foram analisados quanto às características histopatológicas e às expressões imuno-histoquímicas de CD34, CD61 e fator VIII. Resultados: Foram incluídos os primeiros dez pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus com material disponível para análise, pareados por idade, sexo e tempo de evolução do infarto com dez pacientes sem diabetes mellitus. Não houve associação significativa entre as expressões imuno-histoquímicas de CD34, CD61 e fator VIII com relação às variáveis histopatológicas, laboratoriais e clínicas estudadas, inclusive com relação à presença de diabetes mellitus. Conclusões: Em análise preliminar, não foi possível demonstrar diferença significativa quanto à expressão da atividade de células endoteliais, da função plaquetária e da ativação da cascata de coagulação entre trombos de pacientes com e sem o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus submetidos à intervenção coronariana primária...


Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality rates in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are peculiarities in the atherothrombotic process that might be implicated in increased risk for this outcome in patients with diabetes. Methods: Pilot study in a cohort of patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and aspiration thrombectomy. Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated in all of the cases. Thrombi were analyzed for histopathological features as well as immunohistochemical expression of CD34, CD61 and factor VIII. Results: Our sample included the first ten diabetic patients with material available for analysis, who were matched according to age, gender and time elapsed since myocardial infarction with ten patients without diabetes. There was no significant association between the immunohistochemical expression of CD34, CD61 and factor VIII with other histopathological, clinical and laboratory variables, including the presence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis, it was not possible to demonstrate any significant difference in the expression of endothelial cell activity, platelet function and activation of the coagulation cascade between thrombi of patients with and without diabetes undergoing primary coronary intervention...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus , Immunohistochemistry , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , /metabolism , Thrombosis/physiopathology , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology , Endothelium/abnormalities , Heparin/administration & dosage , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical
4.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 53(5): 400-404, set.-out. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-696063

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome antifosfolípide (SAF) é uma condição autoimune que apresenta fenômenos trombóticos arteriais e venosos de repetição além de complicações obstétricas. Sua patogênese está associada à presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides e/ou anti-β2 glicoproteína I (β2GPI) que aparentemente modificam o efeito anticoagulante da β2GPI. A dimerização da β2GPI induzida por anticorpos parece estar relacionada à indução da agregação plaquetária contribuindo para o estado trombofílico na SAF. OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar a influencia dos anticorpos antifosfolípides em testes de agregação plaquetária com diferentes agonistas (ADP, colágeno e adrenalina). MÉTODOS: Foram analisados testes de agregação de plaquetas normais com diferentes agonistas (ADP, colágeno, adrenalina) na presença de soro contendo anticorpos antifosfolípides em diferentes concentrações. RESULTADOS: As análises obtidas mostraram uma inibição significativa (P < 0,05) nas curvas de agregação plaquetária induzidas por ADP e adrenalina quando comparadas ao controle. O paradoxo entre o estado protrombótico e a presença de autoanticorpos que in vitro apresentam atividade anticoagulante foi demonstrado na literatura, dificultando o entendimento patofisiológico da síndrome antifosfolípide. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o soro rico em anticorpos anticardiolipina e anti-β2GPI, ambas da classe IgG, interferem em testes de curvas de agregação plaquetária.


INTRODUCTION: The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis, besides obstetric complications. The pathogenesis is associated with the presence of antiphospholipid and/or anti-b2-glicoprotein I (anti-b2GPI) antibodies that appear to change the anticoagulant activity of b2GPI. Antibody-induced dimerization of b2GPI seems to be related to the induction of platelet aggregation, contributing to the development of thrombosis in APS. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the influence of antiphospholipid antibodies in platelet aggregation tests with different agonists (ADP, collagen, and adrenaline). METHODS: We analyzed platelet aggregation tests with different agonists (ADP, collagen, adrenalin) when normal platelets were exposed to serum with different concentrations of antiphospholipid antibodies. RESULTS: Results demonstrated a significant inhibition in adrenalin- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation curves (P < 0.05) in all antibody concentrations tested when compared to the control. The paradox between the prothrombotic state and the presence of autoantibodies that show anticoagulant activity in vitro was demonstrated in the literature, making it difficult to understand the pathophysiologic mechanism of the antiphospholipid syndrome. CONCLUSION: Results showed that anticardiolipin and anti-b2GPI antibodies-rich serum, both of which belonging to the IgG class, can interfere with platelet aggregation curves.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/blood , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/immunology , Cardiolipins/immunology , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , /immunology
5.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2013 Feb; 50(1): 14-18
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147281

ABSTRACT

Platelet aggregation around migrating cancer cells protects them against the activity of natural killer cells (NKCs). The inability of immune system to response results in the progression of malignant diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene) on platelet aggregation and NKCs activity. Experiments were designed to evaluate the platelet aggregation, production of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), estimation of expression of the platelet receptor GpIIb/IIIa (major biological markers for platelet aggregation) and functional activity of the NKCs against the K562 cancer cell line after incubation with various concentrations of reveratrol. Resveratrol at a concentration of 3 × 10-3Μ completely inhibited platelet aggregation (p<0.05), decreased TXB2 levels (p<0.05) and inhibited the expression of receptor GpIIb/IIIa in non-stimulated platelets (p<0.05). At the same concentration, it increased the NKCs cytotoxic activity at an average rate of 319 ± 34, 450 ± 34 and 62 ± 2.4% (p<0.05) in the NKC/targets cells ratios of 12.5:1, 25:1 and 50:1, respectively. Thus, resveratrol not only completely inhibited platelet aggregation and reduced TXB2 levels and expression of receptor GpIIb/IIIa, but also increased the cytotoxic activity of NKCs in vitro and thus increased the susceptibility of tumor cells to NKCs. Thus, resveratrol can be used as an additional supplement to modulate the immune system and to inhibit platelet aggregation in thromboembolic episodes. Further clinical investigation in vivo could lead to specific concentrations that may maximize the beneficial effect of resveratrol.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/immunology , Cell Communication/drug effects , Cell Communication/immunology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , K562 Cells , Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Platelet Aggregation/drug effects , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Stilbenes/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome
6.
São Paulo; s.n; 2011. 151 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IBPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IBACERVO | ID: biblio-1080934

ABSTRACT

Animais hematófagos possuem em sua saliva substâncias que permitem a fluidez do sangue, para o sucesso de sua alimentação. Com isso, têm sido descritos diversos componentes com atividades nos diferentes processos hemostáticos (coagulação, fibrinólise e agregação plaquetária). O complexo salivar da sanguessuga Haementeria depressa vem sendo estudado através de bioquímica clássica e análises transcriptômica e proteômica deste tecido determinaram o perfil dos transcritos e das proteínas produzidas. Dentre os transcritos mais abundantes foram encontrados três clones (H06A09, H06A02 e L02F02) que apresentaram 45%, 87% e 94% de similaridade ao LAPP, um inibidor de agregação plaquetária da sanguessuga Haementeria officinallis, a produção destes componentes pelo tecido foi confirmada pela análise proteômica. O LAPP é um inibidor que age pela via do colágeno e possui cerca de 14 kDa e pI de 4,0 e inibe a ligação da plaqueta ao colágeno tanto pelo epítopo do FvW quanto pelo domínio a2b1. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi clonar, expressar e caracterizar a proteína recombinante ativa, a partir do clone H06A09 para estudos de atividade desta molécula. Para obter a proteína recombinante de interesse inicialmente a clonagem do transcrito foi realizada com sucesso em vetor pAE, porém, a expressão em sistema procarioto apresentou alguns obstáculos já que a molécula não tinha atividade. Uma nova estratégia foi proposta, sendo realizada clonagem em vetor pPIC9K e expressão em sistema eucariótico (leveduras Pichia pastoris - GS115). Desta forma, o presente trabalho caracteriza o primeiro inibidor recombinante de agregação plaquetária pela via do colágeno proveniente de sanguessugas Haementeria depressa, e comprova que apesar de apresentar 45% de similaridade estrutural ao LAPP é um inibidor com características funcionais diferentes, e com grande potencial a ser estudado.


Hematophagous animals have in their saliva substances that maintain the blood fluidity to the success of their feeding. Therefore, components have been described by their activities in the hemostatic processes (coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation).The salivary complex of Haementaria depressa leech has been studied by classical biochemical and transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of this tissue determined the profile of transcripts and proteins produced by it. Among the most abundant transcripts were found three clones (H06A09, H06A02 e L02F02) that showed 45%, 87% e 94% of similarity to LAPP, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation from Haementeria officinallis, the components production was confirmed by proteomic analysis. LAPP is a inhibitor that acts by collagen pathway and has around 14 kDa and pI of 4.0, and inhibits the binding of platelet to collagen by both the epitope domain of vWF as the a2b1. Thereby, the aim of this study was to clone, express and characterize the active recombinant protein from the clone H06A09 for studies of activity of this molecule. To obtain the recombinant protein initially cloning of transcript was successfully performed in pAE vector, however, the protein expressed in prokaryotic system presented some obstacles not presenting activity. A new strategy was proposed, being held in pPIC9K vector and expression in eukaryotic system - yeast Pichia pastoris (GS115). Thus, this study characterized the first recombinant inhibitor of platelet aggregation through collagen pathway from Haementeria depressa leeches, and proves that despite having 45% structural similarity to the LAPP is an inhibitor with different functional characteristics, and great potential to be studied.


Subject(s)
Animals , Platelet Aggregation/genetics , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Salivation/genetics , Leeches/genetics , Baculoviridae , Recombinant Proteins/genetics
7.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 77(4): 665-693, Dec. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-418016

ABSTRACT

A saliva de artrópodes hematófagos é rica em moléculas com funções diversas que mediam uma alimentação sangüínea bem sucedida. Estas moléculas agem não apenas como armas contra a resposta hemostática, inflamatória e imunológica do hospedeiro funcionando também como ferramentas para o estabelecimento de patógenos. Parasitas, vírus e bactérias aproveitando-se deste arsenal dos vetores adaptaram-se facilitando seu estabelecimento no hospedeiro. Hoje, várias moléculas salivares foram identificadas e caracterizadas como novos alvos para o desenvolvimento de vacinas futuras. Neste trabalho, centramos em informação recente sobre a saliva de vetores e as moléculas responsáveis por modificar a resposta hemostática e imunológica assim como seu papel na transmissão de doenças.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthropod Vectors/immunology , Host-Parasite Interactions/immunology , Saliva/immunology , Blood Coagulation/immunology , Hemostasis/immunology , Platelet Aggregation/immunology
9.
Caracas; s.n; 31 oct. 1997. 55 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-251997

ABSTRACT

Entre febrero y agosto de 1997 se estudiaron 30 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 y 17 controles. De los diabéticos, 22 presentaron una Lipemia Postprandial Anormal y 8 una Lipemia Postpradial Normal. Ningún control presentó Lipemia Postpradial Anormal. Todos los diabéticos presentaron hiperagregabilidad plaquetaria, pero en aquellos con lipemia postprandial normal, los valores se aproximaban a los normales mostrados por los controles. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los diabéticos con Intolerancia Postpradial a los Lípidos y los que presentaron una franca Lipemia Postpradial Alterada. Los diabéticos con mejor control metabólico, expresado por los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada, fueron los que presentaron mejor respuesta a la sobrecarga lipídica por vía oral y menor agregación plaquetaria. No se encontró relación entre tipo de tratamiento, índice de Masa Corporal ni glisemia con la Lipemia Postpradial ni la agregación plaquetaria. La HDL, de los pacientes con Lipemia Postprandial Normal, se asemejan a los de los controles, no siendo así en el caso de los otros diabéticos. El colesterol total y LDL no mostraron diferencia significativa entre los diabéticos con ambos tipos de lipemia postprandial. Se incluyó el control metabólico, de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, es capaz de beneficiar el perfil lipídico y la agregación plaquetaria en estos pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Platelet Aggregation/immunology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Glycoproteins/analysis , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Internal Medicine
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