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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 202 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378429

ABSTRACT

O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) é a maior causa de mortalidade no mundo. A oclusão coronária determina a necrose completa de cardiomiócitos (células musculares cardíacas) durante as primeiras horas do IAM. Porém, mesmo após a perda de massa de miocárdio viável cessar, a região infartada pode se expandir ou contrair no decorrer das primeiras semanas, afetando o prognóstico dos pacientes. Alguns tratamentos podem auxiliar na recuperação e melhoria do prognóstico desses pacientes, como o uso de estatinas e antiplaquetários, que quando utilizados em conjunto, proporcionam efeitos sinérgicos. O presente estudo investigou e comparou, através da óptica da metabolômica global multiplataforma, tratamentos concomitantes de estatinas (sinvastatina ou rosuvastatina) e antiplaquetários bloqueadores do receptor de ADP (clopidogrel ou ticagrelor), em pacientes que sofreram IAM. Foram coletadas amostras de plasma e urina de cerca 40 pacientes tratados com clopidrogrel e sinvastatina ou ticagrelor e rosuvastatina no Hospital São Paulo em diferentes períodos (basal, 1 mês e 6 meses após IAM). Amostras de plasma (basal e 1 mês) foram analisadas por RPLC-MS nos modos de ionização positivo e negativo, GC-MS e CEMS. Amostras de urina (basal, 1 mês e 6 meses) foram analisadas por RPLC-MS no modo de ionização positivo e HILIC-MS nos modos de ionização positivo e negativo. A abordagem metabolomica global multiplataforma evidenciou alterações no metabolismo de diferentes vias pelos dois tratamentos. Os dois tratamentos proporcionaram um efeito pronunciado no metabolismo de diferentes lipídios, como glicerolipídios, esfingolipídios, glicerofosfolipídios e ácidos graxos, sendo que a combinação rosuvastatina e ticagrelor resultou num efeito mais acentuado. Já o tratamento com clopidogrel e sinvastatina alterou de maneira mais pronunciada o metabolismo de aminoácidos ramificados e de acilcarnitinas de cadeia curta. Observou-se ainda a alteração de possíveis biomarcadores relatados na literatura como associados a problemas cardiovasculares, como hipoxantina, ácido 2-hidroxibutírico, algumas espécies de ceramidas, fosfatidilcolinas e acilcarnitinas de cadeia curta


cute myocardium infarction (AMI) is the main mortality cause in the world. The coronary occlusion determines the complete necrosis of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) during the first hours of AMI. However, even after the loss of viable myocardial mass ceases, the infarcted area may still expand or contract during the first weeks after AMI, affecting the patient prognosis. Some treatments may assist patient recovery and improve prognostic, such as statins and antiplatelets which, when combined, provide synergic effects. This study investigated and compared, by untargeted multiplatform metabolomics, simultaneous treatments of statins (simvastatin or rosuvastatin) and ADP receptor antagonist antiplatelets (clopidogrel or ticagrelor) in patients that suffered AMI. Plasma and urine samples from around 40 patients treated with clopidogrel and simvastatin or ticagrelor and rosuvastatin were collected in Hospital Sao Paulo at different time points (basal, 1 month, 6 months after AMI). Plasma samples (basal and 1 month) were analyzed by RPLC-MS in positive and negative ionization modes, GC-MS and CE-MS. Urine samples (basal, 1 month, 6 months) were analyzed by RPLC-MS in positive ionization mode and by HILIC-MS in positive and negative ionization modes. The untargeted multiplatform metabolomics approach has shown that different metabolic pathways have been altered by the two treatments. Both treatments had a profound impact on the metabolism of different lipids, such as glycerolipids, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and fatty acids. However, the combined treatment using rosuvastatin and ticagrelor impacted the most the lipid pathways. On the other hand, clopidogrel and simvastatin treatment affected more intensily the branched chain amino acids and short chain acylcarnitines metabolisms. Reported biomarkers in the literature related to cardiovascular diseases were also observed in this study, such as hypoxanthine, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, some species of ceramides, phosphatidylcholines and short chain acylcarnitines


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/analysis , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/analysis , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Simvastatin/analysis , Metabolomics/classification , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Cardiovascular Diseases , Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists , Rosuvastatin Calcium/analysis , Amino Acids/adverse effects
2.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 14(1/2): 21-25, ene.-dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657752

ABSTRACT

Con el advenimiento de los antiplaquetarios se dio un gran avance en el tratamiento del infarto y el Accidente Vascular Cerebral. Con la combinación de los antiplaquetarios se potencia el efecto antitrombótico, mejorando los resultados y la reversión de los eventos, sin embargo, aumenta los efectos secundarios como el sagrado. Aproximadamente, existe alrededor de 20 fármacos antiplaquetarios, algunos se administran oral o intravenosamente como el tirofiban, abciximab, y la eptifibatida. En la presente revisión hablaremos solamente de la terapia oral de los principales antiplaquetarios orales, sus efectos secundarios, sus indicaciones y precauciones. Aunque, muchas veces se administra los medicamentos plaquetarios en dosis correctas no siempre se puede ver la recanalización del vaso sanguíneo debido a un síndrome de resistencia a los antiplaquetarios.


The advent of antiplatelet agents was a major advance in the treatment of thrombotic events, so that are revolutionizingthe treatment of heart attack and stroke. The combination of antithrombotic antiplatelet gave better effect andimprovement results and reverse of events. However, increases the side effects such as bleeding. Approximately existsaround twenty antiplatelet drugs, some are administered orally or intravenously as Tirofiban, Abciximab and Eptifibatide.In this review we will talk only therapy of oral antiplatelet main, side effects, indications and precautions. Although oftenadministrated the correct dose antiplatelet drugs, those can not always obtain the blood vessel recanalization due toresistance: syndrome antiplatelets.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aspirin , Hemorrhage , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/analysis , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Thrombosis
3.
São Paulo; s.n; 2011. 102 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-681122

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo avaliou o perfil farmacogenômico de 338 pacientes, sob terapia antiagregante. Os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento prévio com AAS (100mg/dia) e clopidogrel (75mg/dia) por no mínimo cinco dias antes da angioplastia coronária. Os indivíduos com resposta considerada indesejada <30% de inibição de PRU (do inglês, P2RY12 Reaction Unit) para clopidogrel e >550 ARU (do inglês, Aspirin Reaction Unit), foram considerados como não respondedores. As concentrações plasmáticas dos antiagregantes foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa do tipo triploquadrupolo (LC-MS/MS). A taxa da inibição da agregação plaquetária foi medida utilizando-se o sistema VerifyNow®. A expressão gênica global das células totais do sangue periférico foi avaliada pela tecnologia de microarranjos de DNA Human Exon ST 1.0 Array. Características genotípicas dos pacientes também foram avaliadas pelo sistema Sequenom®. Assim, foi possível obter como resultados a identificação de 64% e 10% para pacientes não respondedores ao clopidogrel e AAS respectivamente, sendo que para o primeiro foi possível identificar a associação desta não resposta a variáveis clínicas como diabetes (p = 0,003), hipertensão (p = 0,011) e hábito de fumar (p = 0,041) e sexo (p = 0,022) e idade dos pacientes (p = 0,004) em relação à resposta ao AAS. O método de quantificação simultânea do clopidogrel, seu metabólito majoritário e do AS (metabólito do AAS), apresentou limites de quantificação entre de 2 a 500 ng/mL, 2 a 2000 ng/mL e de 20 a 2000 ng/mL, respectivamente. O estudo de associação encontrou uma relação significante da presença dos SNPs presentes nos genes CYP5A1 (rs2299890) e CYP2C19 (rs4244285 e rs3758580), com a variação na resposta ao clopidogrel, obtendo um valor de p corrigido pelo teste de permutação inferior a 0,001. Como também, uma fraca associação da variação na resposta do AAS com o SNP rs9605030 do gene COMT (p = 0,009). Os resultados do ...


This study investigated the pharmacogenomics profile of 338 patients under antiplatelet therapy. Patients undergoing pretreatment with ASA (100 mg/day) and clopidogrel (75mg/day) for at least five days prior to coronary angioplasty. Individuals with response <30% of PRU (P2RY12 reaction unit) were considering non responder for clopidogrel and >550 of ARU (aspirin reaction unit), were considered as non responders for ASA. Plasma concentrations of the antiagregation drugs were determined by liquid chromatography followed mass spectrometry of triple quadrupole detection (LC-MS/MS). The rate of inhibition of platelet aggregation was measured using the VerifyNow® system. The global gene expression of total cells in blood was assessed by DNA microarray technology Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Genotypic characteristics of the patients were also evaluated by the Sequenom® system. Thus it was possible to obtain results such as identification of 64% and 10% for patients non responders to clopidogrel and aspirin respectively, and for the first could identify the association of this response to variables such as diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.011) and smoking (p = 0.041) for clopidogrel and sex and age in relation to response to ASA (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004, respectively). The method of simultaneous quantification of clopidogrel and its major metabolite of AS (metabolite of ASA), had quantification limits between 200 to 500 ng/mL 2000-2000 ng/mL and 20 to 2000 ng/mL, respectively. The association study found a significant grating presence of SNPs present in genes CYP5A1 (rs2299890) and CYP2C19 (rs4244285 and rs3758580), with the variation in the response to clopidogrel, obtaining a corrected p value by permutation test below 0.001. As well, a weak association of variation in the response of ASA with the SNP rs9605030 of the gene COMT (p = 0.009). The results of microarray related therapeutic response to clopidogrel with genes CA2, MKRN1, ABCC3 and MBP followed by...


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pharmacogenetics/statistics & numerical data , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Chromatography, Liquid , Genome, Human , Mass Spectrometry
4.
São Paulo; s.n; 2004. [106] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-397827

ABSTRACT

Noventa e seis pacientes com diabetes melito do tipo 2 foram randomizados para receberem ou não abciximab durante o implante eletivo de stent coronário, com o objetivo de determinar se esse inibidor da glicoproteína IIb/IIIa reduz a hiperplasia intimal intra-stent, avaliada pelo ultra-som intracoronário, aos seis meses de evolução. A análise volumétrica mostrou que o abciximab não reduz o volume de obstrução intra-stent nestes pacientes. / Ninety-six type 2 diabetics were randomly assigned to receive abciximab or no abciximab at the time of elective stent implantation to determine whether this IIb/IIIa glycoprotein inhibitor would reduce in-stent intimal hyperplasia, measured by intravascular ultrasound, at 6-month follow-up. Volumetric analysis showed that abciximab was not associated with a reduction of in-stent volume obstruction...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease , Diabetes Mellitus/etiology , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/analysis , Stents
5.
Rev. costarric. cardiol ; 1(1): 22-8, sept. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-297350

ABSTRACT

El papel de las plaquetes en la protegénesis de los síndromes coronarios agudos es cada vez más evidente. El manejo farmacológico de los mismos era inicialmente orientado a contrarestar un proceso trombotico fibrino-específico sin considerarse la importante participación de las plaquetas en la fisiopatología de los mismos. Desde 1994 se integran al tratamiento los inhibidores de las glicoproteínas IIb IIIa como antiplaquetarios específicos, obteniéndose una discriminación significativa en la morbi-mortalidad cardio vascular. Queremos presentar nuestra experincia preliminar con el uso de estos fármacos en pacientes de alto riesgo


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Blood Platelets/pathology , Coronary Disease , Heparin/therapeutic use , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/analysis , Platelet Count , Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex , Risk Factors , Panama
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