Preoperative care of Polypoid exposed mucosal template in bladder exstrophy: the role of high-barrier plastic wraps in reducing inflammation and polyp size

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the role of high-barrier plastic wrap in reducing the number and size of polyps, as well as decreasing the inflammation and allergic reactions in exstro- phy cases, and to compare the results with the application of low-barrier wrap. Materials and Methods Eight patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) that had used a low density polyethylene (LDPE) wrap for coverage of the exposed polypoid bladder in preoperative care management were referred. The main complaint of their parents was increase in size and number of polyps. After a period of 2 months using the same wrap and observing the increasing pattern in size of polyps, these patients were recommended to use a high-barrier wrap which is made of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), until closure. Patients were monitored for the number and size of polyps before and after the change of barriers. The incidence of para-exstrophy skin infection/inflammation and skin allergy were assessed. Biopsies were taken from the polyps to identify histopathological characteristics of the exposed polyps. Results The high barrier wrap was applied for a mean ± SD duration of 12±2.1 months. Polyps' size and number decreased after 12 months. No allergic reaction was detected in patients after the usage of PVdC; three patients suffered from low-grade skin allergy when LDPE was applied. Also, pre-malignant changes were observed in none of the patients in histopathological examination after the application of PVdC. Conclusion Polyps' size and number and skin allergy may significantly decrease with the use of a high-barrier wrap. Certain PVdC wraps with more integrity and less evaporative permeability may be more "exstrophy-friendly".

The Epidemiology and National Trends of Bearing Surface Usage in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Korea

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the data for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the Korean nationwide database to assess (1) the epidemiology and national trends of bearing surface usage in THAs and (2) the prevalence of each type of bearing surface according to age, gender, hospital type, primary payer, and hospital procedure volume. METHODS: A total of 30,881 THAs were analyzed using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database for 2007 through 2011. Bearing surfaces were sub-grouped according to device code for national health insurance claims and consisted of ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC), metal-on-polyethylene (MoP), ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP), and metal-on-metal (MoM). The prevalence of each type of bearing surface was calculated and stratified by age, gender, hospital type, primary payer, and procedure volume of each hospital. RESULTS: CoC was the most frequently used bearing surface (76.7%), followed by MoP (11.9%), CoP (7.3%), and MoM (4.1%). The proportion of THAs using a CoC bearing surface increased steadily from 71.6% in 2007 to 81.4% in 2011, whereas the proportions using CoP, MoP, and MoM bearing surfaces decreased. The order of prevalence was identical to that in the general population regardless of age, gender, hospital type, primary payer, and hospital procedure volume. CONCLUSIONS: The trends and epidemiology of bearing surface usage in THAs in Korea are different from those in other countries, and the CoC bearing surface is the most prevalent articulation. In future, the results of a large-scale study using nationwide data of THAs involving a CoC bearing surface will be reported in Korea.

Enxerto com tubo de polietileno poroso preenchido com gordura autóloga no reparo de nervo periférico associado com protocolo de imersão em câmara hiperbárica / Graft with porous polyethylene rod filled with autologous adipocytes in peripheral nerve repair associated with immersion in hyperbaric chamber

Os nervos periféricos são extensões do sistema nervoso central e responsável pela interação das atividades entre as extremidades, em suas funções sensitivas e motoras. São vulneráveis aos mesmos tipos de traumas que afetam outros tecidos: contusão, compressão, esmagamento, estiramento, avulsão e laceração. As lesões de nervos periféricos situam-se entre as mais incapacitantes que acometem indivíduos em idade produtiva, em face dos múltiplos aspectos concernentes às sequelas deste tipo de afecção. Desta forma, a interrupção de continuidade da estrutura do nervo, como no caso da neurotmese, por algum tipo de trauma, resulta na interrupção de transmissão dos impulsos nervosos e na desorganização de suas atividades funcionais. Por meio da utilização da microcirurgia foi possível desenvolver técnicas reparadoras que vão desde simples neurorrafia término-terminal até sofisticados procedimentos cirúrgicos com a utilização de enxertos de nervos, veias e artérias invertidas, tubos sintéticos de materiais variados, tais como silicone e polietileno. Outro aspecto que intriga pesquisadores de todo mundo é a utilização de fatores neurogênicos capazes de acelerar ou melhorar a regeneração de nervos periféricos. A gordura autóloga tem sido continuamente referenciada pela sua abundante oferta, no próprio sitio cirúrgico, apresentando resultados promissores, visto que a adventícia dos vasos é constituída por tecido conjuntivo frouxo, rico em adipócitos. Assim, em um trauma, os neuritos oriundos do coto proximal do nervo lesado, ficam diretamente em contato com esses adipócitos. Seguindo este raciocínio, e com base em trabalhos anteriores onde foi usada veia preenchida com músculo esquelético a fresco como enxerto, decidiu-se testar a possibilidade de crescimento axonal por meio de enxerto com tubo de polietileno preenchido por tecido adiposo autólogo associado a protocolo de imersão em câmara hiperbárica, por meio de um estudo Randomizado Controlado...

The peripheral nerves are extensions of the central nervous system and are responsible for the sensory and motor functions of the limbs. These nerves are vulnerable to the same types of traumas that affect other tissues: contusion, compression, crushing, stretching, avulsion, and laceration. Amongst the most disabling kinds of injuries that affect working-age individuals are those of the peripheral nerves; due to the multifaceted characteristics of the aftereffects of the injury. The break in continuity of the nerve structure due to trauma, as in the case of neurotmesis, results in the disruption of the transmission of nerve impulses and the disorganization of their functions. Through the use of microsurgery, it was possible to develop reconstructive techniques that range from a simple end-to-end neurorrhaphy to sophisticated surgical procedures that utilize nerve grafts, inverted veins and arteries, and synthetic rods of varied materials such as silicone or porous polyethylene. Another aspect that intrigues researchers around the world is the utilization of neurogenic factors capable of accelerating or improving the regeneration of peripheral nerves. Autologous fat has been a constant reference in this field of surgery due to its abundant supply at the surgical site itself. The results are promising, as the adventitia of vessels consists of loose connective tissue rich in adipocytes. Thus in a trauma, the neurites derived from the proximal stump of the damaged nerve are in direct contact with these adipocytes. Following this reasoning, and based on previous studies where veins grafted with fresh skeletal muscle were used, we decided to conduct a randomized controlled study to test the possibility of axonal growth by means of grating with a polyethylene rod filled with autologous adipocytes associated with immersion in a hyperbaric chamber. In an attempt to recover the sciatic nerve, a rod 12 mm in length, with a diameter of 0.25 mm, and with pores...

Ceramic Head Fracture in Ceramic-on-Polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasty

Revision rates of total hip arthroplasty have decreased after introducing total hip arthroplasty (THA) using ceramic component, since ceramic components could reduce components wear and osteolysis. The fracture of a ceramic component is a rare but potentially serious event. Thus, ceramic on polyethylene articulation is gradually spotlighted to reduce ceramic component fracture. There are a few recent reports of ceramic head fracture with polyethylene liner. Herein, we describe a case of a ceramic head component fracture with polyethylene liner. The fractured ceramic head was 28 mm short neck with conventional polyethylene liner. We treated the patient by total revision arthroplasty using 4th generation ceramic on ceramic components.

Experiencia clínica en la utilización de bolsa de polietileno para disminuir la hipotermia en el recién nacido menor de 1.000 gramos / Clinical experience in the utilization of polyethylene bag to diminish the hypothermia in the newborn that weights less than 1.000 grams

Introducción: el mantenimiento de la temperatura axilar en valores entre 36ºC y 36,9ºC es un paso importante en la reanimación del recién nacido en la sala de partos. En el año 2002 se realizó en el Servicio de Recién Nacidos del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) la auditoría de historias clínicas de recién nacidos menores a 1.000 g y se constató temperatura axilar inferior a 36º al ingreso en 84%. Objetivo: determinar si la utilización de bolsa de polietileno en la práctica clínica logra disminuir la incidencia de hipotermia en el recién nacido menor de 1000 g asistido en el Servicio de Neonatología del CHPR. Metodología: estudio prospectivo luego de la implementación de un protocolo de asistencia que incluye utilización de bolsa de polietileno en sala de partos. Se mide la temperatura axilar con termómetro de mercurio al ingreso a terapia intensiva.Población: recién nacidos menores de 1.000 g asistidos en el CHPR. Intervención: los neonatos menores de 1.000 g son colocados en una bolsa de polietileno hasta el cuello inmediatamente al nacimiento sin ser secados hasta su ingreso a terapia intensiva. Resultados: se incluyen 77 recién nacidos, 39 se colocan en bolsa de polietileno. La media de peso al nacer (818 g), edad gestacional (26 semanas), pH en arteria umbilical, Apgar y tiempo de permanencia en sala de partos son similares en ambos grupos. Se observa hipotermia en 14 de 39 menores de 1.000 g colocados en bolsa frente a 30 de 38 sin bolsa (p=0,0001). La media de temperatura axilar al ingreso en el grupo colocado en bolsa es de 36,1ºC (DE 0,3) versus 35,5ºC (DE 0,8). No se observa diferencia significativa en hemorragia intraventricular, hemorragia intraventricular severa ni muerte neonatal temprana. Conclusiones: en esta muestra con la utilización de bolsa de polietileno en la atención inmediata de los menores de 1.000 g se logra temperatura axilar 0,6ºC superior y disminución significativa de hipotermia al ingreso a terapia intensiva.

Introduction: the maintenance of a temperature between 36°C and 36.9°C is an important step in the survival of the newborn in the labor room. In the Neonatology Service at Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell the audit of clinical histories of less than 1.000 g newborns was done in the year 2002 showing that 84% had a temperature less than 36ºC. Objective: to determine if the use of a plastic bag reduces the incidence of hypothermia in less than 1.000 g newborns assisted at the Neonatal Service of the Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR).Methodology: a prospective study after the implementation of an assistance protocol which includes the use of plastic bags in labor room. The temperature was measured using a mercury thermometer at the entrance of intensive care. Sample: less than 1.000 g newborns assisted at CHPR. Intervention: less than 1.000 g newborns are placed in a plastic bag until the neck immediately after birth without being dried until they enter intensive care. Results: 77 newborns were included, 39 were placed in the plastic bag. Median birth weight was 818 g, gestational age was 26 weeks, pH in umbilical artery, Apgar and labor room stay were similar for both groups. Hypothermia happened in 14 of the 39 newborns placed in a plastic bag as of 30 of the 38 without bag (p=0,0001). Median temperature at admittance in the children placed in plastic bags was 36.1ºC (DE 0,3) versus 35,5ºC (DE 0,8). There was no significant difference in severe intraventricular hemorrage or early neonatal death. Conclusions: the use of plastic bag in the immediate assistance of less than 1.000 g newborns in this sample increased temperature in 0,6ºC and showed a significant reduction of hypothermia at the intensive care admittance.

Laparostomía contenida en el manejo de la sepsis abdominal / Temporary abdominal closure for the management of abdominal sepsis

Introducción: La laparostomía contenida es una técnica para el manejo de la sepsis y otras patologías de origen abdominal. Las series reportadas en Chile aun son escasas. Nuestro objetivo es comunicar nuestra experiencia con laparostomía contenida en el manejo de la sepsis abdominal, con el uso de polietileno fenestrado como cobertura peritoneal transitoria. Material y método: Se realiza una revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes laparostomizados en nuestro hospital entre enero del 2002 a junio del 2005. Para la revisión de fichas clínicas y obtención de datos se confeccionó un protocolo de registro. Se excluyeron 5 pacientes que no cumplieron con este protocolo. Resultados: Nuestra serie quedó constituida por 32 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 51 años. La distribución por sexo fue 59 por ciento hombres y 41 por ciento mujeres. La laparostomía fue la primera cirugía en 24 pacientes. La principal indicación fue la gran contaminación de la cavidad peritoneal. La etiología de la infección intraabdominal, se agrupó según la clasificación de Meakins modificada. El promedio de días laparostomizado fue de 7,8. 10 pacientes requirieron nueva cirugía post-laparorrafia. El promedio de aseos fue de 2,3. Morbilidad médica se presentó en 25 pacientes. Morbilidad quirúrgica se presentó en 19 pacientes. Seis pacientes se ingresaron a Cuidados Intensivos para su manejo. El promedio de hospitalización fue 28 días. La mortalidad de la serie fue 6 pacientes (18,7 por ciento).Conclusiones: La sepsis abdominal sigue siendo una patología de difícil manejo pese al avance en antibioticoterapia y cuidados intensivos. Se expone la experiencia con la técnica de laparostomía contenida, en el Hospital Herminda Martin de Chillán, con el uso de polietileno fenestrado como una alternativa al manejo de la sepsis abdominal, con alta morbilidad general y una mortalidad aceptable en relación a la literatura.