Efectividad del uso transoperatorio de solución electrolizada de superoxidación para la prevención de infecciones postoperatorias en cirugía de terceros molares / Effectiveness of the trans-operative use of electrolyzed superoxidation solution for the prevention of post-operative infections in third molar surgery

La cirugía de terceros molares es uno de los procedimientos más realizados dentro de la práctica odontológica, generalmente conlleva la prescripción de fármacos, incluidos antibióticos indicados para prevenir la aparición de procesos infecciosos. La resistencia antimicrobiana es considerada como un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, por lo que el uso de antibióticos debe ser cauteloso. La solución electrolizada de súperoxidación ha demostrado tener efectos bactericidas, virucidas y ha sido utilizada para la prevención y el tratamiento de procesos infecciosos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue demostrar la efectividad de dicha solución en la prevención de infecciones posteriores a la cirugía de terceros molares. Se realizó un estudio aleatorizado, ciego, prospectivo en 20 pacientes utilizando un diseño split mouth, en donde cada paciente fue sujeto control y experimental, en el grupo control se irrigó durante el procedimiento con solución de súperoxidación y no se prescribió antibiótico posterior, mientras que en el grupo control se irrigó con solución fisiológica y se prescribió antibiótico posterior. Se realizaron 40 cirugías en 20 pacientes utilizando en cada paciente ambas terapéuticas. Se analizó el dolor postoperatorio, inflamación y presencia de infección. El dolor y la inflamación fueron ligeramente superiores en el grupo experimental al tercer día; sin embargo, al séptimo día los resultados fueron similares. No se presentó ningún caso de infección postoperatoria. El uso de solución de súperoxidación transoperatoria puede ser una herramienta muy útil en la prevención de infecciones postoperatorias posterior a cirugía de terceros molares en pacientes sanos en cirugías con dificultad leve a moderada (AU)

Third molar surgery is one of the most performed procedures in dental practice, generally involving the prescription of drugs including antibiotics indicated to prevent the onset of infectious processes. Antimicrobial resistance is considered a public health problem worldwide, so the use of antibiotics should be cautious. The electrolyzed super oxidation solution has been shown to have bactericidal and virucidal effects and has been used for the prevention and treatment of infectious processes. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of said solution in the prevention of infections after third molar surgery. A randomized, blind, prospective study was conducted in 20 patients using a split mouth design where each patient was a control and experimental subject, in the control group they were irrigated during the procedure with super oxidation solution and no subsequent antibiotic was prescribed. while the control group was irrigated with physiological solution and a subsequent antibiotic was prescribed. Forty surgeries were performed on 20 patients using both therapies in each patient. Postoperative pain, inflammation and presence of infection were analyzed. Pain and inflammation were slightly higher in the experimental group on third day, however on seventh day the results were similar. There were no cases of postoperative infection. The use of trans operative super oxidation solution can be a very useful tool in the prevention of postoperative infections after third molar surgery in healthy patients undergoing surgeries with mild to moderate difficulty.(AU)

Efectividad del moxifloxacino intracameral profiláctico para reducir la endoftalmitis posterior a cirugía de cataratas en población chilena / Effectiveness of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin to reduce endophthalmitis after cataract surgery

BACKGROUND: Endophthalmitis is a serious infectious complication of cataract surgery, which may lead to vision loss. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of intracameral moxifloxacin in reducing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in Chilean patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed all phacoemulsification surgeries performed between 2012 and 2020 at a public hospital. The use of intraoperative intracameral moxifloxacin and possible surgical complications were recorded. In patients with postoperative endophthalmitis, we reviewed their risk factors and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In the study, 22,869 phacoemulsification surgeries were registered, with an annual average of 2,541. The use of prophylactic intracameral moxifloxacin started progressively in 2014. In 2018 it was used in 88% of the surgeries. Fifteen eyes evolved with postoperative endophthalmitis, but none of these surgeries used intracameral moxifloxacin. Five and seven cases occurred in 2012 and 2013, respectively. There was a trend favoring moxifloxacin use, as a preventive measure for endophthalmitis, but the difference between groups was not significant (p = 0.56). In the group with endophthalmitis, 33.3% of the eyes were from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 13.3% there was rupture of the posterior capsule and 60% of the eyes corresponded to female patients. Since 2018 there is no record of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed in this center. Conclusions: Intracameral moxifloxacin showed a tendency to reduce the frequency of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification surgery, but a longer observation period is required to reach statistical significance, due to the low frequency of this complication.

Association between enhanced recovery after surgery protocol compliance and clinical complications: a cohort study

Abstract Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is composed by evidence-based interventions that aim to improve recovery through a reduction in surgical stress response. Although ERAS protocols have been introduced across the globe, exhaustive implementation is not as common. We aimed to study the ERAS protocol compliance in colorectal surgery, assessing the relationship between compliance and postoperative complications. Methods A single-center cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients admitted to elective colorectal surgery were included. We assessed study endpoints according to ERAS protocol perioperative compliance score above 75%. Our primary endpoint was a composite of postoperative events, which includes in-hospital postoperative complications and need for reoperation after 30 days and need for readmission after discharge. Secondary endpoints were surgery-to-discharge time, postoperative use of only non-opioid adjuvants and the individual components of the primary endpoint. Results A total of 224 colorectal patients were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 59.2% (n = 58) of non-compliant patients comparing to 34.1% (n = 43) in compliant patients. In univariate analysis, compliance to ERAS protocol had an inferior risk for the primary endpoint (p< 0.001). In a logistic regression model, compliance was independently associated with a reduced risk for the primary endpoint with a odds-ratio of 0.42 (95% CI 0.23-0.75, p= 0.004). Conclusion Compliance with the ERAS protocol is associated with less complications, a reduced surgery-to-discharge time and use of only non-opioid adjuvants in the postoperative period. More studies are needed to target the most appropriate compliance goal.

Implementation of an ERAS program in patients undergoing thoracic surgery at a third-level university hospital: an ambispective cohort study

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of an ERAS program on complication rates, readmission, and length of stay in patients undergoing pulmonary resection in a tertiary university hospital. Methods Ambispective cohort study with a prospective arm of 50 patients undergoing thoracic surgery within an ERAS program (ERAS group) versus a retrospective arm of 50 patients undergoing surgery before the protocol was implemented (Standard group). The primary outcome was the number of patients with 30-day surgical complications. Secondary outcomes included ERAS adherence, non-surgical complications, mortality, readmission, reintervention rate, pain, and hospital length of stay. We performed a multivariate logistic analysis to study the correlation between outcomes and ERAS adherence. Results In the univariate analysis, we found no difference between the two groups in terms of surgical complications (Standard 18 [36%] vs. ERAS 12 [24%], p = 0.19). In the ERAS group, only the readmission rate was significantly lower (Standard 15 [30%] vs. ERAS 6 [12%], p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, ERAS adherence was the only factor associated with a reduction in surgical complications (OR [95% CI] = 0.02 [0.00, 0.59], p = 0.03) and length of stay (HR [95% CI] = 18.5 [4.39, 78.4], p < 0.001). Conclusions The ERAS program significantly reduced the readmission rate at our hospital. Adherence to the ERAS protocol reduced surgical complications and length of stay.

Clinical study of using basement membrane biological products in pelvic floor reconstruction during pelvic exenteration / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the value of reconstruction of pelvic floor with biological products to prevent and treat empty pelvic syndrome after pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. Methods: This was a descriptive study of data of 56 patients with locally advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer without or with limited extra-pelvic metastases who had undergone PE and pelvic floor reconstruction using basement membrane biologic products to separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities in the Department of Anorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University from November 2021 to May 2022. The extent of surgery was divided into two categories: mainly inside the pelvis (41 patients) and including pelvic wall resection (15 patients). In all procedures, basement membrane biologic products were used to reconstruct the pelvic floor and separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The procedures included a transperitoneal approach, in which biologic products were used to cover the retroperitoneal defect and the pelvic entrance from the Treitz ligament to the sacral promontory and sutured to the lateral peritoneum, the peritoneal margin of the retained organs in the anterior pelvis, or the pubic arch and pubic symphysis; and a sacrococcygeal approach in which biologic products were used to reconstruct the defect in the pelvic muscle-sacral plane. Variables assessed included patients' baseline information (including sex, age, history of preoperative radiotherapy, recurrence or primary, and extra-pelvic metastases), surgery-related variables (including extent of organ resection, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and tissue restoration), post-operative recovery (time to recovery of bowel function and time to recovery from empty pelvic syndrome), complications, and findings on follow-up. Postoperative complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: The median age of the 41 patients whose surgery was mainly inside the pelvis was 57 (31-82) years. The patients comprised 25 men and 16 women. Of these 41 patients, 23 had locally advanced disease and 18 had locally recurrent disease; 32 had a history of chemotherapy/immunotherapy/targeted therapy and 24 of radiation therapy. Among these patients, the median operative time, median intraoperative bleeding, median time to recovery of bowel function, and median time to resolution of empty pelvic syndrome were 440 (240-1020) minutes, 650 (200-4000) ml, 3 (1-9) days, and 14 (5-105) days, respectively. As for postoperative complications, 37 patients had Clavien-Dindo < grade III and four had ≥ grade III complications. One patient died of multiple organ failure 7 days after surgery, two underwent second surgeries because of massive bleeding from their pelvic floor wounds, and one was successfully resuscitated from respiratory failure. In contrast, the median age of the 15 patients whose procedure included combined pelvic and pelvic wall resection was 61 (43-76) years, they comprised eight men and seven women, four had locally advanced disease and 11 had locally recurrent disease. All had a history of chemotherapy/ immunotherapy and 13 had a history of radiation therapy. The median operative time, median intraoperative bleeding, median time to recovery of bowel function, and median time to relief of empty pelvic syndrome were 600 (360-960) minutes, 1600 (400-4000) ml, 3 (2-7) days, and 68 (7-120) days, respectively, in this subgroup of patients. Twelve of these patients had Clavien-Dindo < grade III and three had ≥ grade III postoperative complications. Follow-up was until 31 October 2022 or death; the median follow-up time was 9 (5-12) months. One patient in this group died 3 months after surgery because of rapid tumor progression. The remaining 54 patients have survived to date and no local recurrences have been detected at the surgical site. Conclusion: The use of basement membrane biologic products for pelvic floor reconstruction and separation of the abdominal and pelvic cavities during PE for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer is safe, effective, and feasible. It improves the perioperative safety of PE and warrants more implementation.

Prevention and treatment of postoperative complications of esophageal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Surgery is the primary treatment for esophageal cancer, but the postoperative complication rate remains high. Therefore, it is important to prevent and manage postoperative complications to improve prognosis. Common perioperative complications of esophageal cancer include anastomotic leakage, gastrointestinal tracheal fistula, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Respiratory and circulatory system complications, such as pulmonary infection, are also quite common. These surgery-related complications are independent risk factors for cardiopulmonary complications. Complications, such as long-term anastomotic stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux, and malnutrition are also common after esophageal cancer surgery. By effectively reducing postoperative complications, the morbidity and mortality of patients can be reduced, and their quality of life can be improved.

Preliminary application of combined auditory monitoring technique in resection of vestibular neurinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the value of electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) monitoring combined with brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and compound action potential (CAP) monitoring during vestibular schwannoma resection for the protection of the cochlear nerve. Methods: Clinical data from 12 patients with vestibular schwannomas who had useful hearing prior to surgery were analyzed at the PLA General Hospital from January to December 2021. Among them, there were 7 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 25 to 59 years. Before surgery, patients underwent audiology assessments (including pure tone audiometry, speech recognition rate, etc.), facial nerve function evaluation, and cranial MRI. They then underwent vestibular schwannoma resection via the retrosigmoid approach. EABR, BAEP, and CAP were simultaneously monitored during surgery, and patients' hearing preservation was observed and analyzed after surgery. Results: Prior to surgery, the average PTA threshold of the 12 patients ranged from11 to 49 dBHL, with a SDS of 80% to 100%. Six patients had grade A hearing, and six patients had grade B hearing. All 12 patients had House-Brackman grade I facial nerve function prior to surgery. The MRI indicated tumor diameters between 1.1 and 2.4 cm. Complete removal was achieved in 10/12 patients, while near-total removal was achieved in 2/12 patients. There were no serious complications at the one-month follow-up after surgery. At the three-month follow-up, all 12 patients had House-Brackman grade I or II facial nerve function. Under EABR with CAP and BAEP monitoring, successful preservation of the cochlear nerve was achieved in six of ten patients (2 with grade B hearing, 3 with grade C hearing, and 1 with grade D hearing). Successful preservation of the cochlear nerve was not achieved in another four patients (all with grade D hearing). In two patients, EABR monitoring was unsuccessful due to interference signals; however, Grade C or higher hearing was successfully preserved under BAEP and CAP monitoring. Conclusion: The application of EABR monitoring combined with BAEP and CAP monitoring during vestibular schwannoma resection can help improve postoperative preservation of the cochlear nerve and hearing.

Superiority of sugammadex in preventing postoperative pulmonary complications / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Postoperative pulmonary complications often lead to increased mortality and financial burden. Residual paralysis plays a critical role in postoperative pulmonary complications. This meta-analysis was performed to determine whether sugammadex overmatches neostigmine in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline through Ovid, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Databases were searched from their inception to 24 June, 2021. Random effects models were used for all analyses. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of RCTs, while Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess for the quality of cohort studies.@*RESULTS@#Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled data from cohort studies showed reversing neuromuscular blocking with sugammadex had less risk of compound postoperative pulmonary complications (relative risk [RR]: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.89; P  = 0.002; I2  = 81%), pneumonia (RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48-0.86; I2  = 42%) and respiratory failure (RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.41-0.56; I2  = 0%). However, pooled data from RCTs did not show any difference between the two groups in pneumonia (RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.24-1.40; I2  = 0%) and no respiratory failure was reported in the included RCTs. The difference was not found between sugammadex and neostigmine about atelectasis in pooled data from either RCTs (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.69-1.05; I2  = 0%) or cohort studies (RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87-1.18; I2  = 0%).@*CONCLUSION@#The evidence of superiority of sugammadex was limited by the confounding factors in cohort studies and small scale of RCTs. Whether sugammadex precedes neostigmine in preventing pulmonary complications after surgery is still unknown. Well-designed RCTs with large scale are needed.@*REGISTRATION@#PROSPERO ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ); CRD 42020191575.

Advances of perioperative acute kidney injury in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The risk of developing perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly patients increases with age. The combined involvement of aging kidneys, coexisting multiple underlying chronic diseases, and increased exposure to potential renal stressors and nephrotoxic drugs or invasive procedures constitute susceptibility factors for AKI in elderly patients. The perioperative AKI in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery has its own specific population characteristics, so it is necessary to further explore the characteristics of AKI in elderly patients in terms of epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, risk factors, and preventive and curative measures to provide meaningful clinical advice to improve prognosis, accelerate recovery, and reduce medical burden in elderly patients. Since AKI has the fastest-growing incidence in older patients and is associated with a worse prognosis, early detection, early diagnosis, and prevention of AKI are important for elderly patients in the perioperative period. Large, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical studies in elderly non-cardiac surgery patients with AKI can be conducted in the future, with the aim of providing the evidence to reduce of the incidence of AKI and to improve the prognosis of patients.

Causes and Countermeasures of Complications After Bariatric Surgery / 中国医学科学院学报

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy characterized by simple operation and few postoperative complications have gradually become the two most commonly used surgical methods in clinical practice.A series of complications often occur after bariatric surgery,including gallstone disease,anemia,malnutrition,gastroesophageal reflux disease,kidney stones,and birth defects in offspring of women of childbearing age.There are controversies regarding the causes and countermeasures of these complications.This article mainly reviews the risk factors and countermeasures for the complications after bariatric surgery.

Effect of intraoperative alveolar recruitment maneuver on intraoperative oxygenation and postoperative pulmonary function tests in patients undergoing robotic-assisted hysterectomy: a single-blind randomized study

Abstract Background Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomies (RAH) require Trendelenburg positioning and pneumoperitoneum, which further accentuate alteration in respiratory mechanics induced by general anesthesia. The role of Recruitment Maneuver (RM) as a lung-protective strategy during intraoperative surgical settings has not been much studied. We planned this study to evaluate the effect of RM on perioperative oxygenation and postoperative spirometry using PaO2/FiO2 and FEV1/FVC, respectively in patients undergoing RAH. Methods Sixty-six ASA I‒II female patients scheduled for elective RAH were randomized into group R (recruitment maneuver, n = 33) or group C (control, n = 33). Portable spirometry was done one day before surgery. Patients were induced with general anesthesia, and mechanical ventilation started with volume control mode, with Tidal Volume (TV) of 6-8 mL.kg−1, Respiratory Rate (RR) of 12 min, inspiratory-expiratory ratio (I: E ratio) of 1:2, FiO2 of 0.4, and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O. Patients in group R received recruitment maneuvers of 30 cmH2O every 30 minutes following tracheal intubation. The primary objectives were comparison of oxygenation and ventilation between two groups intraoperatively and portable spirometry postoperatively. Postoperative pulmonary complications, like desaturation, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, were monitored. Results Patients who received RM had significantly higher PaO2 (mmHg) (203.2+-24.3 vs. 167.8+-27.3, p < 0.001) at T2 (30 min after the pneumoperitoneum). However, there was no significant difference in portable spirometry between the groups in the postoperative period (FVC, 1.40 ± 0.5 L vs. 1.32 ± 0.46 L, p= 0.55). Conclusion This study concluded that intraoperative recruitment did not prevent deterioration of postoperative spirometry values; however, it led to improved oxygenation intraoperatively.

The clinical impact of the systolic volume variation guided intraoperative fluid administration regimen on surgical outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with high morbidity. Many preoperative variables are risk factors for postoperative complications, but they are primarily non-modifiable. It is not clear whether an intraoperative goal-directed fluid regimen might be associated with fewer postoperative surgical complications compared to current conservative, non-goal-directed fluid practices. We hypothesize that the use of Systolic Volume Variation (SVV)-guided intraoperative fluid administration might be beneficial. Methods Data from 223 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our institution between 2015 and 2019 were reviewed. Patients were classified into two groups based on the use of intraoperative use of SVV to guide the administration of fluids. The decision to use SVV or not was made by the attending anesthesiologist. Subjects were classified into SVV-guided intraoperative fluid therapy (SVV group) and non-SVV-guided intraoperative fluid therapy (non-SVV group). Uni and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine if SVV-guided fluid therapy was significantly associated with a lower incidence of postoperative surgical complications, such as Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF), Delayed Gastric Emptying (DGE), among others, after adjusting for confounders. Results Baseline, demographic, and intraoperative characteristics were similar between SVV and non-SVV groups. In the multivariate analysis, the use of SVV guidance was significantly associated with fewer postoperative surgical complications (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.25-0.91; p= 0.025), even after adjusting for significant covariates, such as perioperative use of epidural, pancreatic gland parenchyma texture, and diameter of the pancreatic duct. Conclusions VV-guided intraoperative fluid administration might be associated with fewer postoperative surgical complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Complicaciones pospancreatoduodenectomía de tumores periampulares en una unidad de cirugía hepatopancreatobiliar / Post pancreaticoduodenectomy complications of periampullary tumors in a hepatopancreatobiliary surgery unit

Resumen Introducción: Los tumores periampulares se definen como lesiones ubicadas en un radio de 2 cm alrededor de la ampolla de Vater, constituidos por 4 tipos de neoplasias con una alta tasa de malignidad que pueden originarse en páncreas, ampolla, vía biliar distal o duodeno. El manejo quirúrgico a través de la pancreatoduodenectomía sigue siendo la mejor elección en términos de resección curativa. Objetivo: Caracterizar los tumores peri-ampulares tratados en nuestra institución y que fueron llevados a pancreatoduodenectomía, asociando la relación entre tipo de tumor y complicaciones posoperatorias. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y observacional con seguimiento a 45 pacientes sometidos a pancreatoduodenectomía en el Hospital Internacional de Colombia - Fundación Cardiovascular entre enero de 2011 y marzo de 2020 con diagnostico histopatológico de tumor peri-ampular. Resultados: Se realizaron 75 pancreatoduodenectomía de las cuales 45 pacientes presentaron tumor peri-ampular, siendo de origen pancreático en un 44%, seguido de ampolla 40%, vía biliar distal 8,8% y duodenal 6,6%. Las complicaciones posoperatorias más frecuentes fueron fístula pancreática y vaciamiento gástrico retardado. Falleció 1 paciente. Conclusión: La pancreatoduodenectomía es un procedimiento con alta morbilidad. Gracias al avance tecnológico, el diagnóstico de patología peri ampular es cada vez más exacto. El tipo de tumor peri-ampular puede influir no solo en su pronóstico, sino también en su morbilidad posquirúrgica.

Introduction: Periampullary tumors are defined as lesions that are located in a radius of 2 centimeters around the ampulla of Vater, constituted by 4 types of neoplasms with a high rate of malignancy originated in the pancreas, ampulla, distal bile duct or duodenum. Surgical management through the pancreatoduodenectomy remains the best choice in terms of curative resection. Objetive: To characterize periampullary tumors treated in our institution with pancreatoduodenectomy, associating the relationship between tumor type and postoperative complications. Material and Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study with a follow-up of 45 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy in the Hospital Internacional de Colombia - Fundación Cardiovascular between January 2011 and March 2020 with histopathological diagnosis of periampullary tumor. Results: Were performed 75 pancreatoduodenectomies, 45 patients presented with Periampullary tumor, 44% being of pancreatic origin, followed by ampulla 40%, distal bile duct 8.8% and duodenal 6.6%. Most frequent postoperative complications were pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying. Mortality was of 1 patient. Conclusión: Pancreatoduodenectomy is a procedure with a high morbidity rate. Thanks to technological advances, the diagnosis of periampullary pathology is increasingly accurate. The type of periampullary tumor may influence not only in its prognosis, but also in its post-surgical morbidity.

Effect of dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel on prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel on the prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy.@*METHODS@#In the study, 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical statuses Ⅰ to Ⅱ, aged 18 to 72 years, scheduled for elective nasal endoscope surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel group (G group, n=30) and control group (C group, n=30). The patients in the G group received dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg before induction and the oxybuprocaine gel was applied to the endotracheal catheter cuff and the front end within 15 cm. The patients in the C group received the same dose of saline and the saline was applied to the endotracheal catheter cuff and the front end within 15 cm. Then, all the patients in the two groups received the same induction and anesthesia maintainance. The operation time, anesthesia time, emergence time, extubation time and departure time were recorded. The intraoperative infusion volume, blood loss volume, propofol, remifentanil, rocuronium dosage were also recorded. The adverse reactions such as intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia and postoperative agitation were recorded. The postoperative sore throat score was recorded at the end of operation and 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the C group, the emergence time [(8.4±3.9) min vs. (10.8±4.7) min], extubation time [(8.8±3.7) min vs. (11.9±4.8) min], and departure time [(20.0±5.3) min vs. (23.0±5.8) min] were significantly shorter, and the propofol dosage [(11.8±1.8) mg/kg vs. (15.9±4.6) mg/kg], remifentanil dosage [(10.9±4.7) μg/kg vs. (14.1±3.6) μg/kg] were significantly less in the G group, and there was no difference of rocuronium dosage in the two groups. Compared with the C group the incidence of intraoperative hypotension [10%(3/30) vs. 30%(9/30)], bradycardia [16.7%(5/30) vs. 20%(6/30)] and postoperative agitation [6.7%(2/30) vs. 23.3%(7/30)] were significantly lower in the C group. The postoperative sore throat score at the end of operation, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation in the G group were significantly lower than in the C group respectively [0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0.75, 1), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0, 1)].@*CONCLUSION@#Dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel was effective and feasible on the prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy.

Adding autogenic drainage to chest physiotherapy after upper abdominal surgery: effect on blood gases and pulmonary complications prevention. Randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hypoxemia and pulmonary complications are common after upper abdominal surgery (UAS). OBJECTIVE: To examine whether inclusion of autogenic drainage (AD) in chest physiotherapy after UAS confers additional benefits in improving blood gases and reducing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled study conducted at Kasr Al-Ainy teaching hospital, Egypt. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 48 subjects undergoing elective UAS with high risk of developing PPCs. The study group received AD plus routine chest physiotherapy (deep diaphragmatic breathing, localized breathing and splinted coughing) and the control group received routine chest physiotherapy only. The outcomes included arterial blood gases measured at the first and seventh postoperative days, incidence of PPCs within the first seven days and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. In the AD group, SaO2, PaO2, PaCO2 and HCO3 significantly improved (P < 0.05) while in the physiotherapy group, only SaO2 and PaO2 significantly improved (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, significant differences in post-treatment SaO2 and PaO2 between the groups were observed. The overall incidence of PPCs was 16.66% (12.5% in the AD group and 20.8% in the physiotherapy group) (absolute risk reduction -8.3%; 95% confidence interval, CI, -13.5 to 29.6%), with no significant difference between the groups. The AD group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Adding AD to routine chest physiotherapy after UAS provided a favorable blood gas outcome and reduced the length of hospital stay. It tended to reduce the incidence of PPCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04446520.

La evaluación preoperatoria en intervenciones quirúrgicas no cardiacas en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín / Preoperative evaluation of non-cardiac surgical interventions at Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN. La evaluación preoperatoria determina el estado de salud del paciente que será sometido a una intervención quirúrgica, minimiza su riesgo y optimiza los recursos humanos y materiales del escenario perioperatorio. OBJETIVO. Determinar el proceso de evaluación preoperatorio y su capacidad para prevenir eventos clínicos adversos durante el postoperatorio inmediato de pacientes adultos sometidos a un procedimiento quirúrgico no cardiaco. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio retrospectivo de corte transversal. Población de 6 250 adultos y muestra de 912 Historias Clínicas electrónicas de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, en el año 2017. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes mayores de 18 años, que se sometieron a una evaluación preoperatoria de manera ambulatoria y fueron operados de intervenciones no cardiacas hasta el mes de enero del 2019, o suspensión de cirugía por contraindicaciones determinadas en la cita médica. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes menores a 18 años, no intervenidos quirúrgicamente, hospitalizados por cualquier motivo entre la revisión y la cirugía, embarazadas e individuos con consulta preoperatoria fuera del hospital. Los programas informáticos utilizados para el registro de datos y su análisis fueron Microsoft Excel e International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTADOS. El 82,68% (754; 912) presentó un antecedente clínico y el 82,13% (749; 912) uno de tipo quirúrgico. Se reportó un 2,00% (18; 912) de complicaciones postoperatorias, y un caso de muerte pasadas las 72 horas postquirúrgicas. No se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa p>0,05 entre las conclusiones clínicas del control preoperatorio y la ocurrencia de complicaciones en el postoperatorio. CONCLUSIÓN. Se evidenció que el proceso de evaluación preoperatoria fue realizado de manera sistemática a pacientes con características sociodemográficas y clínicas heterogéneas y no existió correlación estadística entre sus resultados y la presencia de complicaciones perioperatorias.

INTRODUCTION. The preoperative evaluation determines the health status of a patient that will undergo a surgical intervention, minimizes its risk, and optimizes the human and material resources of the perioperative scenario. OBJECTIVE. To determine the preoperative evaluation process and its ability to prevent adverse clinical events during the immediate postoperative period in adult patients undergoing a noncardiac surgical procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The sample of 912 medical records was calculated upon a population of 6 250 adults treated at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital in 2017. Inclusion criteria: patients over 18 years of age, who underwent a preoperative evaluation on an outpatient basis, and were operated on for non-cardiac interventions until January 2019, or suspension of surgery due to contraindications determined in the medical appointment. Exclusion criteria: patients under 18 years of age, not undergoing surgery, hospitalized for any reason between revision and surgery, pregnant women, and individuals with preoperative consultation outside the hospital. The computer programs used for data collection and analysis were Microsoft Excel and the International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS. 82,68% (754; 912) had a previous clinical condition and 82,13% (749; 912) had a previous surgical intervention. 2,00% (18; 912) of postoperative complications were reported, and one case of death after 72 postoperative hours. No statistically significant correlation p>0,05 was found between the clinical conclusions of the preoperative control and the occurrence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION. It was evidenced that the preoperative evaluation process was carried out systematically to patients with heterogeneous sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and there was no statistical correlation between its results and the presence of perioperative complications.