Fatores de risco de sangramento para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea / Bleeding risk factors for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation

Introdução: O sangramento é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea e o risco para que ele aconteça tem sua importância reconhecida no diagnóstico de enfermagem da Taxonomia NANDA I, Risco de Sangramento. Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco com significativa chance de estarem associados aos casos de sangramento em paciente submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea. Metodologia: Neste estudo, realizou-se um estudo de caso- controle retrospectivo em um hospital federal militar localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro para identificar os fatores de risco com significativa chance de estarem associados aos casos de sangramento para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com Circulação Extracorpórea. Resultados: Como resultado, após a aplicação da metodologia de caso- controle, as variáveis evidenciadas como associadas a sangramento anormal tendo valores com significância estatística foram IMC menor 25 kg/m2, Hipotermia menor que 32o Celsius e tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial Ativado acima de 40 segundos. Conclusão: Este estudo traz contribuições relevantes ao refinamento do diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de sangramento, oferecendo relevante informação para a validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem, abrindo caminho para uma prática profissional disciplinar e multidisciplinar que articula os esforços da equipe de saúde na avaliação do paciente submetido a cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea.

Bleeding is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation and risk for it happen has its importance recognized in the nursing diagnosis of the taxonomy NANDA-I Bleeding Risk. Aim: to identify risk factors with significant chance of being associated with bleeding in patients submitted to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Methodology: In this study, we've developed a retrospective case control study in a federal military hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro that aimed to identify risk factors with significant chance of being associated with cases of bleeding to patients submitted to cardiac surgery with Extracorporeal Circulation. Results: As a result, after applying case-control methodology, variables associated with abnormal bleeding having statistical significance value were IMC less than 25 kg/m2, Hypothermia less than 32o Celsius Partial Thromboplastin Time Activated above 40 seconds. Conclusion: This study brings relevant contributions to refinement of nursing dignosis Risk to Bleeding, opening a pathway to disciplinary and multi disciplinary professional practice that articulates health staff effords in evaluating patients submitted to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.

Dacron graft intussusception technique for treatment of type a aortic dissections: technical notes and preliminary results

Abstract Introduction: Optimal surgical management for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) remains unclear. The in-hospital mortality rate is still high (15%), and the intraoperative bleeding is an independent risk factor for hospital mortality. Objective: The aim of our study was describe a new method for aortic anastomosis in the repair of AAAD and report the hospital mortality and bleeding complications. Methods: Between January 2008 and November 2014, 24 patients, 16 male, median age 62 years, underwent surgical treatment of AAAD. The surgical technique consisted of intussusception of a Dacron tube in the dissected aorta, which is anastomosed with a first line of 2-0 polyester everting mattress suture and a second line of 3-0 polypropylene running suture placed at the outermost side. Open distal anastomosis was performed with bilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in 13 (54.1%) patients. Results: Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping time ranged from 75 to 135 min (mean=85 min) and 60 to 100 min (mean=67 min), respectively. The systemic circulatory arrest ranged from 29 to 60 min (mean=44.5 min). One (4.1%) patient required reoperation for bleeding, due to the use of preoperative clopidogrel. The postoperative bleeding was 382-1270 ml (mean=654 ml). We used an average of 4.2 units of red blood cells/patient. There were two (8.3%) hospital deaths, one due to intraoperative bleeding and another due to mesenteric ischemia. The average length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital was 44 hours and 6.7 days, respectively. Conclusion: This new method for surgical correction of AAAD was reproducible and resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Fatal hemmorhage following extraction of first molar.

A case involving extraction of right upper 1st molar leading to massive hemorrhage and death in an undiagnosed case of Arteriovenous Venous Malformation of maxilla is presented along with the relevant investigations, standard treatment to be given and the related medicolegal issues. A 16 year old male presented to a dentist with history of Grade III mobility of right upper 1st molar without any known etiology. The dentist extracted the tooth without properly assessing the patient clinically and advising any relevant investigations thereby leading to massive hemorrhage and death of the patient. Proper clinical assessment, relevant investigations adequate treatment is to be given or the surgeon faces the risk of legal action for medical negligence under the provisions of Sec.304A of IPC. History taking, proper clinical examination, relevant investigations and adequate treatment are imperative in treating any case and in case of complications, the patient must be shifted to the ED of the nearest hospital without any delay.

Substituição valvar isolada com próteses metálicas St. Jude Medical em posição aórtica ou mitral: seguimento de médio prazo / Sustitución valvular aislada con prótesis metálicas St. Jude Medical en posición aórtica o mitral: seguimiento de medio plazo / Isolated mitral and aortic valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical valve: a midterm follow-up

FUNDAMENTO: Em nosso meio as próteses valvares biológicas predominam, considerando-se as dificuldades relacionadas à anticoagulação, mesmo em pacientes jovens, a despeito da necessidade de repetidas operações devido à degeneração das próteses biológicas. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a evolução em médio prazo de pacientes submetidos à substituição da valva mitral ou aórtica por prótese valvar mecânica St. Jude. MÉTODOS: Foi analisada retrospectivamente a evolução dos pacientes operados entre janeiro de 1995 e dezembro de 2003 e seguidos até dezembro de 2006. RESULTADOS: Cento e sessenta e oito pacientes receberam prótese valvar mitral e 117, aórtica. A idade média de ambos os grupos foi de 45 anos. Entre os mitrais, 75 por cento tinham até 55 anos e 65 por cento eram mulheres. Entre os aórticos, 66 por cento tinham até 55 anos e 69 por cento eram homens. Considerando-se apenas mortes relacionadas às próteses valvares, a sobrevida foi de 85,6 por cento para os mitrais e de 88,7 por cento para os aórticos (p=0,698). Entre os mitrais, 97 por cento estavam livres de reoperação, e entre os aórticos 99 por cento (p=0,335). Quanto aos eventos tromboembólicos, a porcentagem de pacientes livres foi de 82 por cento entre os mitrais e de 98 por cento entre os aórticos (p=0,049), e para os eventos hemorrágicos foi de 71 por cento e 86 por cento respectivamente (0,579). Quanto à ocorrência de endocardite, 98 por cento entre os mitrais e 99 por cento entre os aórticos estavam livres ao final de 10 anos (p=0,534). CONCLUSÃO: Nossa experiência com próteses metálicas St. Jude em uma população predominantemente jovem confirma o bom desempenho desta prótese, em acordo com outras experiências publicadas.

BACKGROUND: In our country, the biological valvular prostheses predominate, considering the difficulties related to anticoagulation, even in young patients, in spite of the need for repeated operations due to the degeneration of the bioprostheses. OBJECTIVES: To report our consecutive series of recipients of isolated St Jude Medical mechanical valve prosthesis in the mitral (MVR) or aortic (AVR) position. METHODS: Data from patients operated between January 1995 and December 2003 were revised in order to determine patient survival and prosthesis-related events up to December 2006. RESULTS: One hundred sixty eight patients had MVR and 117 had AVR. In the MVR cohort, the mean age was 45 years, 75 percent were 55 years old or younger, and 65 percent were females. In the ARV cohort, the mean age was 45 years, 66 percent were 55 years old or younger and 69 percent were males. Operative mortality for AVR and MVR was 7 percent and 7.5 percent, respectively. Freedom from late mortality was 81.8 percent at 10 years for MVR and 83 percent for AVR (p=0.752). Freedom from valve-related death at 10 years for the MVR cohort and AVR was 85.6 percent and 88.7 percent, respectively (p=0.698). In the MVR cohort, the freedom from reoperation was 97 percent and 99 percent in the AVR cohort (p=0.335). Freedom from thromboembolic events was 82 percent in the MVR cohort and 98 percent in the AVR cohort (p=0.049). Freedom from bleeding was 71 percent in the MVR cohort and 86 percent n the AVR cohort (0.579). Freedom from endocarditis was 98 percent in the MVR cohort and 99 percent in the AVR cohort (p=0.534). CONCLUSIONS: This series of predominantly young adult patients undergoing isolated MVR and AVR with the St Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis confirms the good performance of this valve prosthesis in agreement with previous reports.

FUNDAMENTO: En nuestro medio, las prótesis valvulares biológicas predominan, teniendo en cuenta las dificultades relacionadas a la anticoagulación, incluso en pacientes jóvenes, pese a la necesidad de repetidas operaciones debido a la degeneración de las prótesis biológicas. OBJETIVO: Presentar la evolución en medio plazo de pacientes sometidos a la sustitución de la válvula mitral o aórtica por prótesis valvular mecánica St. Jude. MÉTODOS: Se analizó retrospectivamente la evolución de los pacientes operados entre enero de 1995 y diciembre de 2003 y seguidos hasta diciembre de 2006. RESULTADOS: Un total de 168 pacientes recibió prótesis valvular mitral y otros 117, aórtica. La edad promedio de ambos grupos fue de 45 años. Entre los mitrales, el 75 por ciento tenía hasta 55 años y el 65 por ciento era mujeres. Entre los aórticos, el 66 por ciento tenía hasta 55 años y el 69 por ciento era de varones. Teniendo en cuenta solamente las muertes relacionadas a las prótesis valvulares, la sobrevida fue del 85,6 por ciento para los mitrales y del 88,7 por ciento para los aórticos (p=0.698). Entre los mitrales, el 97 por ciento estaba libre de reoperación, y entre los aórticos el 99 por ciento (p=0,335) lo estaba. En cuanto a los eventos tromboembólicos, el porcentaje de pacientes libres fue del 82 por ciento entre los mitrales y del 98 por ciento entre los aórticos (p=0,049), y para los eventos hemorrágicos fue del 71 por ciento y el 86 por ciento respectivamente (0,579). En cuanto a la ocurrencia de endocarditis, el 98 por ciento entre los mitrales y el 99 por ciento entre los aórticos estaba libre al final de 10 años (p=0.534). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestra experiencia con prótesis metálicas St. Jude en una población predominantemente joven confirma el buen desempeño de esta prótesis, según otras experiencias publicadas.