Proteomic analysis of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells after infection by Newcastle disease virus

Characteristic clinical manifestations of Newcastle disease include leukopenia and immunosuppression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the main targets of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection. To survey changes in proteomic expression in chicken PBMCs following NDV infection, PBMC proteins from 30 chickens were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Quantitative intensity analysis showed that the expression of 78 proteins increased more than two-fold. Thirty-five proteins exhibited consistent changes in expression and 13 were identified as unique proteins by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer including three that were down-regulated and 10 that were up-regulated. These proteins were sorted into five groups based on function: macromolecular biosynthesis, cytoskeleton organization, metabolism, stress responses, and signal transduction. Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed the down-regulation of integrin-linked kinase expression and up-regulation of lamin A production. These data provide insight into the in vivo response of target cells to NDV infection at the molecular level. Additionally, results from this study have helped elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of NDV and may facilitate the development of new antiviral therapies as well as innovative diagnostic methods.

Inhibition of NF-kB 1 (NF-kBp50) by RNA interference in chicken macrophage HD11 cell line challenged with Salmonella enteritidis

The NF-kB pathway plays an important role in regulating the immunity response in animals. In this study, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to specifically inhibit NF-kB 1 expression and to elucidate the role of NF-kB in the signal transduction pathway of the Salmonella challenge in the chicken HD11 cell line. The cells were transfected with either NF-kB 1 siRNA, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase siRNA (positive control) or the negative control siRNA for 24 h, followed by Salmonella enteritidis (SE) challenge or non-challenge for 1 h and 4 h. Eight candidate genes related to the signal pathway of SE challenge were selected to examine the effect of NF-kB 1 inhibition on their expressions by mRNA quantification. The results showed that, with a 36 percent inhibition of NF-kB 1 expression, gene expression of both Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and interleukin (IL)-6 was consistently and significantly increased at both 1 h and 4 h following SE challenge, whereas the gene expression of MyD88 and IL-1â was increased at 1 h and 4 h, respectively. These findings suggest a likely inhibitory regulation by NF-kB 1, and could lay the foundation for studying the gene network of the innate immune response of SE infection in chickens.

Torque teno virus (TTV) is prevalent in Brazilian non-human primates and chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) / Torque teno virus (TTV) es prevalente en primates no humanos brasileños y pollos (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Torque Teno virus (TTV) is an infectious agent of worldwide distribution isolated by the first time as the agent of an acute post-transfusion hepatitis in a patient in Japan. It has been classified into a new floating genus called Anellovirus. Recent studies showed that TTV can also be identified in serum specimens obtained from domesticated farm animals and from non-human primates. To better understand the relationship between TTV and their hosts, a study to detect virus in the serum and whole blood of Brazilian non-human primates and in the plasm of chickens was performed by applying the PCR-UTR-A technique, followed by a genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis. By nested-PCR-UTR, the DNA of TTV was detected in sera from 4 (5.3 percent) of 75 Cebus apella, 2 (40 percent) of 5 Alouatafusca, 1 (20 percent) of 5 Alouata caraya, 1 (5.2 percent) of 19 Callithrixpenicilata, 1 (4 percent) of 25 Callithrixjacchus, 1 (20 percent) of 5 Saimiri sciureus and 1 (25 percent) of 4 Leontopithecus chrysomelas. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences detected in 8 samples clustered with TTV sequences So-TTV2 (Sagüínus oedipus) and At-TTV3 (Aotes Trivirgatus). Three sequences showed similarity with a human Torque Teno Minivirus (TLMV). TTV ORF2 DNA was detected in one sera sample and one whole blood sample of non-human primates and in one plasm sample of chicken. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences amplified by the ORF2 region show no difference between human, non-human primates and chicken. This is the first report of TTV in Brazilian new world non-human primates and chicken.

Torque Teno virus (TTV) es una agente infeccioso de distribución mundial, aislado por primera vez como el agente de una hepatitis aguda posterior a la transfusión de un paciente en Japón. Se ha clasificado en un nuevo género flotante llamado Anellovirus. Recientes estudios han demostrado que TTV también puede ser identificado en el suero de especímenes obtenidos desde granjas de animales domésticos y desde primates no humanos. Para entender mejor la relación entre la TTV y sus huéspedes, fue realizado un estudio para detectar el virus en el suero y la sangre de primates no humanos brasileños y en el plasma de pollos mediante la aplicación de la técnica PCR-UTR-A, seguida de una secuencia genómica y análisis filogenético. Por medio de PCR-UTR-anidado, el ADN de TTV fue detectado en sueros de 4 de 75 (5,3 por ciento)Cebus apella, 2 de 5 (40 por ciento) Alouata fusca, 1 de 5 (20 por ciento) de Alouata caraya, 1 de 19 (5,2 por ciento) de Callithrixpenicilata, 1 de 25 (4 por ciento) Callithrixjacchus, 1 de 5 (20 por ciento) de Saimiri sciureus y 1 de 4 (25 por ciento) de Leontopithecus chrysomelas. El análisis filogenético reveló secuencias detectadas en 8 muestras agrupadas con TTV secuencias So-TTV2 (Sagüínus oedipus) y At-TTV3 (Aotes Trivirgatus). Tres secuencias mostraron similitud con el Torque Teno Minivirus humano (TLMV). Fue detectado TTV ORF2 ADN en una muestra de suero y una muestra de sangre de primates no-humanos y en una muestra de plasma de pollo. El análisis filogenético reveló que las secuencias amplificadas por la región ORF2 no muestran ninguna diferencia entre humanos, primates no humanos y pollos. Este es el primer informe de nuevos TTV en primates-no humanos brasileños y en pollos.

Research of torque teno virus (TTV) in serum and total blood of Brazilian non-human primates and in chicken plasma (Gallus gallus domesticus) by the PCR N22 region / Investigación de Torque teno virus (TTV) en suero y sangre de primates no humanos brasileños y en plasma de pollo (Gallus gallus domesticus) por PCR en la region N22

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a recently discovered DNA virus that was originally isolated from a Japanese patient (initials, TT) with post-transfusion hepatitis of unknown aetiology. TTV is an circular DNA virus classified recently together with related Torque teño minivirus, into a new genus called Anellovirus. Infection TTV has been detected in a range of non-human primates as well as domestic animals. The purpose of this study was to search TTV in the serum and total blood of Brazilian monkeys and in plasma of domestic chickens by seminested PCR of coding region (N22), followed by a genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis. No serum sample was amplified. TTV DNA was detected in total blood from 3 (4 percent) out of 75 brown-capuchin (Cebus apella) and from 1 (25 percent) out of 4 golden-headed lion-tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one sample showed similarity with one sequence of the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) (So-TTV2) and with one of the douroucoulis (ão tes trivirgatus) (At-TTV3). Two samples showed similarity with a human Torque Teño Mini Virus (TLMV). The other sample clustered with one sequence of the chimpanzee (Pt-TTV6) and with the human TTV strain TA278. The plasma chicken samples tested were all negative. The amino acid sequences reported in this study are the first obtained in Brazil from total blood of non-human primates naturally infected by TTV.

Torque teno virus (TTV) es un virus de ADN recientemente descubierto que fue inicialmente aislado de un paciente japonés (iniciales TT) después de la transfusión de hepatitis de etiología desconocida. TTV es un virus de ADN circular recientemente clasificado junto con los torque teno minivirus, en un nuevo género llamado Anellovirus. La infección de TTV se ha detectado en una serie de primates no humanos, así como animales domésticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar TTV en el suero y sangre total de monos de Brasil y en el plasma de pollos domésticos, por seminested PCR de la región de codificación (N22), seguido de una secuencia genómica y el análisis filogenético. Las muestras que no eran suero fueron amplificadas. TTV DNA se detectó en sangre total de 3 (4 por ciento) de un total de 75 capuchinos de cabeza dura (Cebus apella) y de 1 (25 por ciento) de un total de 4 tití- león de cabeza dorada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas). El análisis filogenético demostró que una muestra presentaba similitud con una secuencia de Saguinus Edipo (So-TTV2) y con una de Aotes trivirgatus (A-TTV3). Dos muestras mostraron similitud con un torque teno mini virus (TLMV) humano. La otra muestra agrupada con una secuencia de los chimpancés (PT-TTV6) y con el TTV humanos cepa TA278. El análisis de las muestras de plasma de pollo fueron negativas Las secuencias de aminoácidos que se reportan en este estudio son las primeras obtenidas en Brasil de sangre de primates no humanos infectados naturalmente por TTV.

Genetic trends of absolute and relative heart weight in a male broiler line

Data of chickens from a broiler-breeding program have been collected and used for determination of genetic trends of absolute and relative heart weight. The genetic trends have been estimated by regression of the genetic values of the traits over hatch-year. Genetic values of 42,912 individuals, obtained by restricted maximum likelihood, were used for regression analysis. The estimates of the genetic trends for absolute and relative heart weight were found to be -0.08 g and -0.004% per hatch-year, respectively. These trends show that heart weight in the line analyzed, in absolute and relative terms, has tended to decrease, which can make the metabolic disorders due to the reduction in heart weight in broilers even worse.

Genetics of post-hatching survival potential of Australorp chicks infected as embryos by subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus: further support to 4-allele genetic model.

Embryos (II day-old) of Australorp breed were inoculated via chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) with subgroup A Rous sarcoma virus, and hatched subsequently. The post-hatch survival period in chicks was recorded upto the last chick that died by virus-induced liver tumour, which had a range from 3 to 50 days with an average of 13 +/- 8.7 days. The survival potential of progency tested Australorp parents selected on the basis of negative CAM-infection and those selected on uninoculated embryos, differed significantly (P less than 0.01) while maintaining an inverse relationship between liver tumour mortality and degrees of infection of CAMs. The homozygous susceptibles lacking either ar1 or ar2 or both alleles of the tva (tumour virus a) locus died within 7 days of post-hatching, supporting thereby 4-allele genetic model of tva locus recently proposed for the control of LT- and CAM-infection phenotypes.