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1.
Cienc. tecnol. aliment ; 35(1): 3-10, Jan.-Mar. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-834302

ABSTRACT

In the current context from the nutritional and epidemiological point of view, it can be seen an occurrence increase of ChronicNon-Communicable Diseases, as well as the inflammatory ones, ordinarily associated to a wrong feed, poor in fibers andrich in fats and simple and refined carbohydrates. This view has evidenced a progressive increase of diseases, highlighting theimportance of colonic microbiota as an active mechanism of infectious processes control and modulation of immunologic answer.Therefore, constant the worries related to recovering and maintenance of healthy intestines, stocked with prebiotic nutrientsthat support the survival of beneficial health agents. This way, researchers and the segment of food industry has encouragedthe development of products with prebiotic properties, looking for the health promotion, treatment and diseases prevention,besides the strengthening on the competitive market. This article will embrace the contents about physiologic effects of themain known prebiotic, their potential in relation to fermentatives bacterias, new developed products and used methodologiesto the recognition of pre and probiotic functions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prebiotics/adverse effects , Functional Food , Inulin , Probiotics/therapeutic use
2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 87(4): 292-300, jul.-ago. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-598482

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do uso de probióticos e prebióticos na saúde das crianças. FONTES DOS DADOS: Foram pesquisados os bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, selecionando-se artigos relevantes em inglês e francês. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O leite humano é rico em oligossacarídeos prebióticos e pode conter probióticos. Não existem dados sugerindo que a adição de probióticos a fórmulas para lactentes possa ser prejudicial, mas as evidências de sua eficácia são insuficientes para que seja recomendada. Visto que dados sugerem que a adição de oligossacarídeos prebióticos específicos pode reduzir infecções e atopia em lactentes saudáveis, sua adição parece razoável. Os benefícios a longo prazo dos pro e prebióticos para o sistema imunológico em desenvolvimento ainda precisam ser comprovados. Probióticos selecionados reduzem a duração da diarreia infecciosa em 1 dia, mas faltam evidências quanto à prevenção, exceto na diarreia associada a antibióticos. Alguns probióticos específicos previnem a enterocolite necrosante, e outros micro-organismos podem ser benéficos nos casos de gastrite por Helicobacter pylori e de cólica do lactente. Não há evidências suficientes para recomendar o uso de probióticos na prevenção e no tratamento da dermatite atópica. A utilização de probióticos nos casos de constipação, síndrome do intestino irritável, doença inflamatória intestinal e infecções extraintestinais requer mais estudos. CONCLUSÕES: A duração da administração, a dosagem microbiana e as espécies utilizadas necessitam de maior validação, tanto para probióticos quanto para prebióticos. Alegações de saúde injustificadas são uma grande ameaça ao conceito de pro e prebióticos.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of probiotics and prebiotics on the health of children. SOURCES: MEDLINE and LILACS were searched for relevant English and French-language articles. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Human milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and may contain some probiotics. No data suggest that addition of probiotics to infant formula may be harmful, but evidence of its efficacy is insufficient for its recommendation. Since data suggest that addition of specific prebiotic oligosaccharides may reduce infections and atopy in healthy infants, their addition to infant formula seems reasonable. Long-term health benefits of pro- and prebiotics on the developing immune system remain to be proven. Selected probiotics reduce the duration of infectious diarrhea by 1 day, but evidence in prevention is lacking, except in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Some specific probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, and other microorganisms may be beneficial in Helicobacter pylori gastritis and in infantile colic. Evidence is insufficient to recommend probiotics in prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. The use of probiotics in constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and extra-intestinal infections requires more studies. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of administration, microbial dosage, and species used need further validation for both pro- and prebiotics. Unjustified health claims are a major threat for the pro- and prebiotic concept.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Diarrhea, Infantile/prevention & control , Gastroenteritis/prevention & control , Oligosaccharides , Prebiotics , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Diarrhea, Infantile/therapy , Infant Formula/chemistry , Milk, Human/chemistry , Oligosaccharides/therapeutic use , Prebiotics/adverse effects , Prebiotics/classification , Probiotics/classification
3.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 48(4): 289-298, ago. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-642199

ABSTRACT

Foi avaliado o efeito da adição de glutamina, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ou parede celular de levedura à dieta de leitões desmamados sobre a atividade das enzimas pancreáticas (lipase, amilase e tripsina) e da mucosa intestinal (dipeptidase, sacarase e maltase) e sobre o desempenho. Foram utilizados 45 leitões desmamados e distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com quatro dietas (T1 - dieta basal (DB); T2 - DB + 1% de glutamina; T3 - DB + 0,2% de parede celular de levedura; T4 - DB + 5% de óleo de peixe) e duas idades de abate (sete e 14 dias pós-desmame). O desempenho foi medido nas duas primeiras semanas pós-desmame. A adição de 1% de glutamina na dieta dos leitões aumentou a atividade específica e total da amilase, e atividade total da tripsina na segunda semana pós-desmame. Os demais aditivos não alteraram a atividade das enzimas digestivas nos leitões. Também foi observado aumento na atividade total da lipase, e atividade específica da tripsina e maltase em função da idade pós desmame. De modo geral, as atividades das enzimas digestivas estiveram correlacionadas positivamente, com exceção da dipeptidase que não se correlacionou com nenhuma outra enzima. Foi observada correlação positiva entre ganho de peso e atividades da lipase e da amilase. Os aditivos incluídos na dieta não influenciam o desempenho dos leitões no pós-desmame.


It was evaluated the effect of the addition of glutamine, polyunsaturated fatty acids or cellular wall of yeast to the diet of weaned pigs on the activity of the pancreatic enzymes (lipase, amylase and trypsin) and the intestinal mucous membrane (dipeptidase, sucrase and maltase) and on the performance. Forty-five weaned pigs were used and distributed in a randomized block design, in factorial outline, with four diets (T1 - basal diet (BD); T2 - BR + 1% glutamine; T3 - BD + 0,2% cellular wall of yeast; T4 - BD + 5% fish oil) and two slaughter ages (seven and 14 days post weaning). The performance was measured in the first two weeks post-weaning. The addition of 1% glutamine in the diet of pigs increased the specific and total activity of the amylase, and total activity of the trypsin in the second week post weaning. The others supplements not change the activity of the digestive enzymes in the pigs. Also an increase was observed in the total activity of the lipase, and specific activity of the trypsin and maltase in function of the age post-weaning. In general, the activities of the digestive enzymes were correlated positively, except for the dipeptidase that was not correlated with any other enzyme. Positive correlation was observed between weight gain and activity of the lipase and of the amylase. The supplements included in the diet not influence the performance of weaned pigs.


Subject(s)
Animals , Diet , Enzymes , Swine/classification , Glutamine/biosynthesis , Prebiotics/adverse effects
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