The Poisoning Information Database Covers a Large Proportion of Real Poisoning Cases in Korea

The poisoning information database (PIDB) provides clinical toxicological information on commonly encountered toxic substances in Korea. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage rate of the PIDB by comparing the database with the distribution of toxic substances that real poisoning patients presented to 20 emergency departments. Development of the PIDB started in 2007, and the number of toxic substances increased annually from 50 to 470 substances in 2014. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with toxic exposure who visited 20 emergency departments in Korea from January to December 2013. Identified toxic substances were classified as prescription drug, agricultural chemical, household product, animal or plant, herbal drug, or other. We calculated the coverage rate of the PIDB for both the number of poisoning cases and the kinds of toxic substances. A total of 10,887 cases of intoxication among 8,145 patients was collected. The 470 substances registered in the PIDB covered 89.3% of 8,891 identified cases related to poisoning, while the same substances only covered 45.3% of the 671 kinds of identified toxic substances. According to category, 211 prescription drugs, 58 agricultural chemicals, 28 household products, and 32 animals or plants were not covered by the PIDB. This study suggested that the PIDB covered a large proportion of real poisoning cases in Korea. However, the database should be continuously extended to provide information for even rare toxic substances.

Perfil das exposições a medicamentos por mulheres em idade reprodutiva atendidas por um Centro de Informações Toxicológicas / Profile of exposure to medication among women of reproductive age attended in a Toxicologial Information Center

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os dados epidemiológicos referentes às exposições a medicamentos por mulheres em idade fértil atendidas por um Centro de Informações Toxicológicas. Realizou-se um estudo com mulheres em idade fértil, expostas a medicamentos entre 2007 e 2011. Foram estudadas variáveis relacionadas às pacientes, à ocorrência e ao medicamento envolvido, totalizando 777 notificações. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e processadas com o uso do programa Epi Info. A maioria das ocorrências (90,5%) foi intencional, em 33,7% dos casos foram utilizados de dois a três medicamentos e a frequência de hospitalização foi de 35,6%. Os medicamentos com atuação no Sistema Nervoso Central foram responsáveis por 59,9% das ocorrências, destacando-se os antiepilépticos (21,2%) e os antidepressivos (20,7%). Os principais fatores associados à hospitalização das pacientes foram: demora no atendimento após a ocorrência da exposição, pacientes com nível superior, contato com dois ou mais medicamentos e exposições a antiepilépticos e antidepressivos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as exposições a medicamentos representam um grave problema à saúde de mulheres em idade fértil e contribuem para o aumento das internações hospitalares.

The scope of this article is to analyze the epidemiological data relating to exposure to medication among women of reproductive age attended at a Toxicology Information Center. A study was conducted among women of reproductive age exposed to medication between 2007 and 2011. The variables relating to the patients, the occurrence and the medication involved were studied in a total of 777 notified cases. Data was collected from Aggravated Injury Notification System forms and processed on Epi Info for Windows software. The majority of the occurrences (90.5%) was intentional, 33.7% of theses incidents involved the intake of 2 or 3 types of drugs by the patients and the percentile of hospitalization was 35.6%. Drugs acting on the central nervous system were responsible for 59.9% of the incidents, and antidepressants (21.3%) and anti-epileptics (21.2%) were most commonly involved. The main factors associated with hospitalization were: delayed medical rescue after exposure, patients with higher education, ingestion of 2 or 3 types of drugs and exposure to anti-epileptics and antidepressants. Data from this study showed that exposure to medication is a serious health problem for women of reproductive age and it contributes to the increase in the number of hospitalizations.

Perfil da mortalidade por intoxicação com medicamentos no Brasil, 1996-2005: retrato de uma década / Profile of mortality by intoxication with medication in Brazil, 1996-2005: portrait of a decade

A ocorrência de óbitos por intoxicação com medicamentos tem sido considerada um dos agravos de saúde pública. O estudo descreve o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por intoxicação com medicamentos na população do Brasil entre 1996 e 2005. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Selecionaram-se os óbitos segundo a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10). Foram identificados 4.403 óbitos ocorridos em homens (53,9 por cento), solteiros (53,7 por cento) e faixa etária de 20-39 anos (44,0 por cento). A maioria dos óbitos foi por autointoxicação intencional por anticonvulsivantes, sedativos, antiparkinsonianos e psicotrópicos. A taxa padronizada de mortalidade foi maior na região Centro-Oeste e os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos aumentou durante o período estudado em 15,50 por cento. O estudo apresentou as características e variações na mortalidade por intoxicação com medicamentos no Brasil que pode ser um reflexo do padrão de consumo dos medicamentos no país atrelado à necessidade de aprimoramento das políticas de vigilância sanitária.

The occurrence of deaths caused by intoxication with medication have been considered a worsening public health problem. The study describes the epidemiological profile of medication-related intoxication in the general Brazilian population from 1996 to 2005. A descriptive study was conducted with mortality data obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Deaths were selected according to the codes of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). A total of 4,403 deaths were found inn males (53.9 percent), bachelors (53.7 percent) and the 20 to 39 year-old age bracket (44 percent). The majority of deaths were caused by intentional self-intoxication using anticonvulsants, sedatives, antiparkinsonians and psychotropics. The standardized mortality rate was higher in the Midwest region and Potential Life-Years Lost increased by 15.5 percent. The study showed the characteristics and variations in mortality by intoxication with medication in Brazil, which can be a reflex of the medication consumption patterns of the country, indicating the need for enhancement of sanitary vigilance policies.

Pacientes atendidos en un Centro Toxicológico de Venezuela / Patients attended at a Venezuelan Toxicology Centre

Objetivo Caracterizar los pacientes atendidos en un Centro Toxicológico de la Región Centro Occidental de Venezuela. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 1 938 pacientes registrados durante los años 2006 y 2007 en las planillas de recolección de datos del Centro. Resultados Del total de pacientes registrados en las planillas del Centro Toxicológico en el bienio 06-07, 57,4 por ciento consultaron en el 2006. La edad media de los pacientes atendidos fue de 19 años en el 2006 y 20 años en el 2007, con atención tanto de niños como de adultos, siendo el sexo masculino el que mayormente consultó (55,4 por ciento). La causa de consulta más frecuente en el lapso estudiado para ambos sexos fue emponzoñamientos, de los cuales más del 40 por ciento fue por serpientes del género Bothrops, en hombres la segunda causa fue intoxicación por plaguicidas (20,6 por ciento) y en mujeres intoxicación medicamentosa con un 26,6 por ciento. El municipio del Estado Lara con mayor afluencia de pacientes fue Iribarren con 47,8 por ciento, y durante los dos años se atendieron 95 pacientes (4,9 por ciento) que provenían de Estados vecinos (Portuguesa y Yaracuy principalmente). Conclusiones Se espera que con el presente estudio se implementen programas especiales de educación y atención para las patologías diagnosticadas con mayor frecuencia, así como los correctivos considerando los riesgos individuales y colectivos en las diferentes zonas geográficas del Estado Lara.

Objective Characterising patients attended at a toxicological centre in the central western area of Venezuela (the state of Lara). Methods This was a descriptive/cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 1,938 patients who registered during 2006 and 2007; data was collected from the Centre's data collection forms. Results 57.4 percent of the patients recorded on the toxicological centre's forms during 2006 and 2007 consulted during 2006. The patients' average age was 19 during 2006 (including adults and teenagers) and 20 during 2007. Males most often attended the centre (55.4 percent). The most common cause for consultation was poisoning from snake bite, more than 40 percent of the cases being caused by Bothrops. Pesticide intoxication was the second cause for male consultation (20.6 percent); female medication poisoning accounted for 26.6 percent. Iribarren County had the highest consultation rate in the State of Lara (47.8 percent of cases). 95 patients (4.9 percent) came from neighbouring States (Portuguesa and Yaracuy) during the two years this study lasted. Conclusions It is hoped that this study will lead to special education and attention programmes for the most commonly diagnosed pathologies being implemented with greater frequency, as well as corrective action being taken regarding individual and collective risk in the state of Lara's different geographical areas.