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1.
E-Cienc. inf ; 8(1): 53-82, ene.-jun. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1089837

ABSTRACT

Resumen Próspero Calderón (1862-1934) será el primer costarricense que se dedique a la profesión de editor; asimismo, será fotógrafo, docente, diseñador y precursor de las Artes gráficas en el país. Bajo sus ideales de promoción de la cultura se fundan las primeras publicaciones costarricenses en formato de revista: Costa Rica Ilustrada y Páginas Ilustradas, presentando en sus páginas fotografías de H.N. Rudd, Manuel Gómez Miralles y Amando Céspedes, entre otros, así como textos de Joaquín García Monge, Justo A. Facio, Carmen Lyra y Lisímaco Chavarría. Su aporte es imprescindible en el estudio de la sociedad y del arte costarricense en la transición del s. XIX al s. XX. Por lo anterior, para la realización de esta investigación, se recurrió a la Metodología Histórica, desarrollada a partir de las etapas heurística y hermenéutica, para finalizar con una propuesta teórica bajo la figura de Biografía histórica.


Abstract Prospero Calderón (1862-1934) will be the first Costa Rican to devote himself to the profession of editor; Likewise he will be photographer, teacher, designer and precursor of the graphic arts in the country. Under its ideals for the promotion of culture, the first Costa Rican publications are published in a magazine format: Costa Rica Ilustrada and Páginas Ilustradas, featuring on its pages photographs of H.N. Rudd, Manuel Gómez Miralles and Amando Céspedes, among others, as well as texts by Joaquín García Monje, Justo A. Facio, Carmen Lyra and Lisímaco Chavarría. His contribution is essential in the study of Costa Rican society and art in the transition of the s. XIX to s. XX. In order to carry out this research, was used the Historical Methodology, developed from the heuristic and hermeneutic stages, to conclude with a theoretical proposal under the figure of Historical Biography.


Subject(s)
Art/history , Book Industry/history , Costa Rica , Culture , Printing Industry/history , History , Literature
2.
Cienc. Trab ; 15(46): 7-11, abr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-700410

ABSTRACT

En el 2011, existían en el departamento del Quindío aproximadamente 95 establecimientos comerciales, dedicados a tipografías, reciclaje de chatarra, y reconstrucción de baterías en donde los trabajadores tenían contacto con metales pesados como el plomo (Pb) sin protección alguna. De estos 95 establecimientos, participaron en el estudio el 55% y de estas empresas se encontró que el 80.65% era economía informal, es decir, independientes, unifamiliares y sin afiliación a la Seguridad Social Integral (Salud, Pensión y Riesgos laborales). El riesgo más importante en estos trabajadores es la manipulación consciente o inconsciente del plomo. El Pb se utiliza en su forma metálica y en aleaciones, siendo de los pocos metales que es tóxico por sí mismo. El Pb no tiene una función biológica útil en el hombre, por lo que es preocupante que se hable de cifras normales de este metal en la sangre. La exposición no controlada del Pb genera graves daños a nivel sistémico del organismo, tales como: disminución de la capacidad física, fatiga, trastornos del sueño, cefalea, dolores de huesos y músculos, dolores abdominales, disminución del apetito y en casos muy graves se produce daño en riñones e incluso la muerte.


In 2011, about 95 commercial establishments existed in the department of Quindio, they worked in typography, scrap recycling, and battery reconstruction where workers had contact with heavy metals such as lead (Pb), without any protection. 55 % of these 95 establishments participated in the study, and 80,65% of them worked informally, that is to say people who were independent, single-family, and without Integral Social Security affiliation (health, pension and occupational hazards). The Major risk in these workers is conscious or unconscious manipulation of lead. The Pb is used in metallic form and alloys, being one of the few metals that are toxic by itself. The Pb has no useful biological function in humans, so it is worrying to talk about normal levels of lead in the blood. Uncontrolled exposure of Pb causes serious damage to the body in a systemical level, such as decreased physical fitness, fatigue, sleep disorders, headache, muscle and bone pain, abdominal pain, decreased appetite and, in severe cases, produces kidney damage and even death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Batteries , Printing Industry , Recycling , Lead Poisoning , Working Conditions , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Colombia , Qualitative Research , Educational Status , Informal Sector , Heavy Metal Poisoning
3.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 36(123)jan.-jun. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593669

ABSTRACT

Embora ainda não haja evidência da relação direta causa-efeito da doença venosa com o trabalho, existe consenso atual na opinião médica de que a postura de trabalho pode agravar o desenvolvimento da mesma. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da permanência prolongada na postura ortostática com o desencadeamento e/ou gravamento de sinais e sintomas referentes aos transtornos venosos de membros inferiores em funcionários de uma gráfica em Recife, entre maio e julho de 2008. Foram analisadas as condições e os meios que são colocados à disposição do trabalhador para desenvolver sua atividade laboral. Os funcionários responderam a um questionário onde foram abordadas questões referentes aos transtornos circulatórios de membros inferiores com queixas ao longo do dia e no final do expediente de trabalho. Também foi realizada a perimetria dos membros inferiores antes e após a jornada de trabalho. Foi observada a presença de varizes em 64% dos funcionários e o aumento das medidas de perimetria em todos os funcionários após a jornada de trabalho. Dentre as queixas relatadas, destaca-se a sensação de peso e cansaço, dores, cãimbras e presença de edema nos membros inferiores. Os resultados indicam uma associação positiva entre as condições de trabalho no setor investigado e o surgimento ou agravamento de sinais e sintomas referentes aos transtornos venosos nos membros inferiores nos funcionários.


Although there is no evidence of direct causal relationship between venous disease and work, currently there is consensus of medical opinion that posture at work can aggravate this type of disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of prolonged orthostatic posture in the onset and/or worsening of signs and symptoms related to lower limb venous disorders among employees of a printing company in Recife, between May and July 2008. We analyzed the conditions and means made available for employees to perform their labor activities. They answered a questionnaire with questions related to lower limb circulatory disorders, reporting complaints throughout and at the end of working day. Lower limbs perimetry was tested before and after work. Sixty-four per cent of workers had varicose veins and increased perimetry measures after their working hours. Reported complaints included feeling heavy, fatigue, pains, cramps, and lower limb edema. The results indicated a positive association between working conditions at the investigated company and emerging or worsening of signs and symptoms related to venous disorders in lower limbs of its employees.


Subject(s)
Venous Insufficiency/complications , Lower Extremity , Occupational Diseases , Printing Industry
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