ABSTRACT
A comparative pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, sc) was conducted in probenecid-pretreated (70 mg/kg, orally 1.5 h prior to enrofloxacin administration) lactating goats to assess the effect of probenecid on the kinetics of enrofloxacin. Concentration of enrofloxacin in plasma, milk and urine was estimated by microbiological assay using Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Minimum detection level of enrofloxacin was 0.01 microg/ml. The plasma log concentration versus time curve showed monophasic pattern and followed one compartment open model. Plasma drug concentration was significantly higher during 1-2 h in probenecid-pretreated group. Significantly higher drug concentration in milk was noted at most of the time points, while significantly lower urine drug concentration (0.083-1 h and 5-12 h) were obtained in probenecid-pretreated group. The kinetic parameters (A, B and 3) were significantly higher, while t(1/2)beta, MRT and Vd(area) were significantly lower in probenecid-pretreated group. Probenecid pretreatment decreased the urinary excretion of enrofloxacin, whereas enhanced excretion in milk which could be useful in cases of affections of udder in goats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Fluoroquinolones/administration & dosage , Fluoroquinolones/analysis , Fluoroquinolones/pharmacokinetics , Goats/blood , Goats/physiology , Goats/urine , Injections, Subcutaneous , Lactation/drug effects , Milk/chemistry , Probenecid/administration & dosage , Probenecid/pharmacologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar as três principais causas do abdome agudo em ginecologia que säo a doença inflamatória pélvica, prenhez ectópica e a torçäo anexial, abordando aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Abdomen, Acute/etiology , Cefoxitin/administration & dosage , Cefoxitin/therapeutic use , Fallopian Tubes/abnormalities , Pregnancy, Ectopic/surgery , Pregnancy, Ectopic/complications , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/complications , Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/drug therapy , Salpingostomy , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Clindamycin/administration & dosage , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Doxycycline/administration & dosage , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Ofloxacin/administration & dosage , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Probenecid/administration & dosage , Probenecid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Nine men with ten episodes of staphylococcal endocarditis with valvular vegetation (except one) were treated with intravenous cloxacillin for an average of 10 days and followed by oral cloxacillin or dicloxacillin, both with probenecid, for a total duration of 4 wks. Monitoring of serum bactericidal titers (SBT) showed similar values between the two routes of therapy. All patients were bacteriologically and clinically cured. However, there were 3 recurrences, 2 were drug abusers. One nonabuser had the same staphylococcal species 8 months later. All survived the second episode. This preliminary study supports the contention that intravenous followed by oral therapy for staphylococcal endocarditis may be a viable and a more economical form of therapy.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Cloxacillin/administration & dosage , Dicloxacillin/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination/administration & dosage , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Female , Gentamicins/administration & dosage , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Probenecid/administration & dosage , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effectsSubject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Gonorrhea/drug therapy , Probenecid/therapeutic use , Ampicillin/therapeutic use , Urethritis/drug therapy , beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis , Probenecid/administration & dosage , Acute Disease , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Tolerance , Ampicillin/administration & dosage , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Administration, Oral , Ampicillin ResistanceABSTRACT
Serum Rifampicin levels were determined by a microbiological assay using Staphylococcus aureus in 22 cases of leprosy after administering the drug with and without probenecid. Most of the patients showed higher serum rifampicin levels when probenecid was given along with rifampicin. Six patients showed statistically significant increase in the serum levels of the drug when given in the dose of 300 mg along with 1 g of probenecid one hour before breakfast and these levels were comparable with those obtained following administration of 450 mg of rifampicin alone two hours after breakfast. Thus administration of probenecid preceding rifampicin may be employed to reduce cost of drug as well as hepatotoxicity in patients requiring rifampicin for long duration.