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1.
CoDAS ; 29(4): e20160128, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039587

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os resultados da Memória de Trabalho - Alça Fonológica (MTAF) em crianças com dificuldades específicas em aritmética. Método O estudo foi realizado com 30 crianças, com idade entre sete e nove anos que frequentavam a segunda ou terceira série do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de ensino. Foram excluídas da pesquisa as crianças com sinais sugestivos de perda auditiva, alterações neurológicas, baixo desempenho na prova de compreensão leitora ou em acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. As crianças incluídas na pesquisa foram submetidas ao subteste de aritmética do Teste de Desempenho Escolar para divisão em dois grupos (G1 e G2). O G1 foi composto por crianças com baixo desempenho em aritmética e o G2, por crianças com desempenho médio/superior em aritmética. Todas as crianças foram submetidas à avaliação da MTAF por meio da prova de repetição de palavras sem significado. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney, considerados significativos os valores de p-valor <0,05. Resultados Participaram do estudo 20 meninas e 10 meninos, com idade média de 8,7 anos. O G1 foi composto por 17 crianças e o G2, por 13 crianças. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos estudados para a repetição de palavras sem significado com três e quatro sílabas, com pior desempenho para o G1. Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo fornecem suporte para a hipótese de que a alteração na MTAF está relacionada com dificuldades em aritméticas.


ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the results of Loop Phonological Working Memory (LPWM) in children without global learning alterations, with lower and average/higher arithmetic performance. Methods The study was conducted with 30 children, between the ages of seven and nine years old, who attended the second or third grade of elementary school in the public network. Exclusion criteria were children with suggestive signs of hearing loss, neurological disorders, poor performance in the reading comprehension test or in speech therapy. The children included in the study were submitted to the subtest of arithmetic of Academic Achievement Test for division into two groups (G1 and G2). The G1 was composed of children with low performance in arithmetic and G2 for children with average/higher performance in arithmetic. All children were submitted to PWM assessment through the repetition of pseudowords test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results The study included 20 girls and 10 boys, mean age 8.7 years. The G1 was composed of 17 children and G2 of 13 children. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups studied for the repetition of pseudowords with three and four syllables. Conclusion The results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that changes in phonological working memory are related to difficulties in arithmetic tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Speech/physiology , Cognition/physiology , Mathematics , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Problem Solving/physiology , Reference Values , Audiometry/methods , Underachievement , Phonetics , Statistics, Nonparametric , Language Tests
2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(2): 283-289, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751439

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Meningomyelocele is a malformation with high prevalence, and one of its main comorbidities is Arnold-Chiari malformation type II. The intrauterine repair of this defect has been studied to reduce the progressive spinal cord damage during gestation. The purpose of the present review was to describe the evolution of fetal surgery for meningomyelocele repair. Searches on PubMed database were conducted including articles published in the last 10 years. Twenty-seven articles were selected, 16 experimental studies and 11 studies in humans. A recent study demonstrated that the fetal correction results in better prognosis of neurological and psychomotor development, but open surgery, which has being used widely, has considerable maternal risks. Studies in animal and human models show that the endoscopic approach is feasible and leads to lower maternal morbidity rates. Two endoscopic techniques are currently under assessment - one in Germany and another in Brazil, and we believe that the endoscopic approach will be the future technique for prenatal repair of this defect.


RESUMO A meningomielocele é uma malformação de alta incidência e, dentre suas principais comorbidades, está a malformação de Arnold-Chiari tipo II. A fim de reduzir os danos progressivos durante a gestação, tanto a nível medular, quanto sobre a fossa posterior, a correção intrauterina desse defeito vem sendo estudada. A presente revisão teve por objetivo descrever a evolução da cirurgia fetal para a correção da meningomielocele. Foi realizada uma pesquisa na base de dados PubMed, incluindo artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Foram selecionados 27 artigos, sendo 16 de estudos experimentais e 11 sobre pesquisa em humanos. Um estudo recente demonstrou que a correção pré-natal resulta em melhor prognóstico neuropsicomotor, porém a abordagem a céu aberto, que vem sendo amplamente utilizada, possui um risco materno considerável. Estudos, tanto em modelo animal, quanto em humanos, mostram que a abordagem endoscópica é factível e apresenta menor morbidade materna. No momento, duas técnicas de abordagem endoscópica estão sendo estudadas, uma na Alemanha, e outra no Brasil, e acreditamos que a via endoscópica será o futuro da correção pré-natal desse defeito.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Executive Function/physiology , Gait/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Attention/physiology , Cohort Studies , Cognition/physiology , Geriatric Assessment , Problem Solving/physiology , Walking/physiology
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(3): 197-202, 03/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704065

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare performance on EC301 battery calculation task between aphasic subjects and normal controls of the same sex, age, and education. Method Thirty-two aphasic patients who had suffered a single left hemisphere stroke were evaluated. Forty-four healthy volunteers were also selected. All subjects underwent a comprehensive arithmetic battery to assess their numerical and calculation skills. Performances on numerical processing and calculation tasks were then analyzed. Results Aphasic individuals showed changes in their ability to perform numerical processing and calculation tasks that were not observed in the healthy population. Conclusion Compared with healthy subjects of the same age and education level, individuals with aphasia had difficulty performing various tasks that involved numerical processing and calculation. .


Objetivo Comparar o desempenho em tarefas de cálculo através da bateria EC301 entre sujeitos afásicos e indivíduos normais pareando as variáveis sexo, idade e educação. Método Foram avaliados 32 pacientes afásicos que sofreram lesão em hemisfério esquerdo único, concomitantemente com quarenta e quatro voluntários saudáveis. Todos foram submetidos a uma bateria de aritmética abrangente para avaliar habilidades numérica e de cálculo. Resultados Os indivíduos afásicos apresentaram alterações no processamento numérico e tarefas de cálculo que não foram observadas na população saudável. Conclusão Pacientes afásicos apresentam dificuldades para executar tarefas que envolvem processamento numérico e de cálculo em comparação com indivíduos saudáveis da mesma idade e escolaridade. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aphasia/physiopathology , Problem Solving/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Test Taking Skills , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Mathematics , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychometrics , Reference Values , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/physiopathology
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135602

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: No published data are available on neurocognitive dysfunction in Asian Indians with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We therefore, studied the pattern and correlates of neurocognitive dysfunction in Indian adults with severe OSA. Methods: Fifty patients aged 25-65 yr with severe OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index > 30) and 25 age, sex, and education level-matched normal controls were studied. Both groups were administered a standardized battery of neurocognitive tests. Results: Patients with severe OSA had significantly impaired performance on tests of alertness, working memory, response inhibition, problem solving, and executive function. However, the difference in executive function between the groups disappeared after adjusting for delayed information processing. The test scores did not correlate with apnoea-hypopnoea index, arousal index, or Epworth sleepiness score. However, the percentage of time spent at < 90 per cent oxygen saturation had a weak correlation with the number of stroop errors (Spearman’s rho = 0.64; P = 0.033), number of trials required (rho = 0.05; P = 0.02), and perseverative errors on Wisconsin card sorting test (rho = 0.36; P = 0.02). Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggested that delayed information processing rather than impaired abstract thinking was probably the cause of impaired performance on composite tests of neurocognitive function in patients with severe OSA.


Subject(s)
Adult , Analysis of Variance , Attention/physiology , Executive Function/physiology , Humans , India , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Problem Solving/physiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2b): 432-438, June 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-519271

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: From a neuropsychological point of view calculation is a very complex function. A simple arithmetic operation demands many neurocognitive mechanisms that involve verbal, spatial and graphical processing, memory and attention. OBJECTIVE: To verify the calculation and number processing of healthy subjects and the effect of gender, age and schooling on their performance. METHOD: Forty-four normal subjects without complaints or neurological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: The educational level was significantly linked to performance in the majority of tests of the EC 301 battery, whereas no differences were noted regarding age and gender. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the data of the healthy population shown in this study indicated that educational level can affect calculation and number processing, It is possible to note that battery EC 301 demonstrated sensitivity for appraisal of these abilities and therefore can be employed for clinical assessment in calculation and number disorders.


INTRODUÇÃO: O cálculo do ponto de vista neuropsicológico é uma função muito complexa. Em uma simples operação aritmética estão envolvidos diversos processos neurocognitivos que envolvem os processamentos verbais, espaciais, gráficos, atenção e memória. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o desempenho de indivíduos saudáveis, no processamento numérico e de cálculo, através da bateria EC 301 e verificar as interferências do sexo, da idade e da escolaridade no desempenho destes indivíduos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 44 sujeitos normais sem queixas e/ou alterações neurológicas. RESULTADOS: O nível educacional mostrou-se fortemente relacionado ao desempenho obtido na maioria das provas da bateria EC 301, enquanto em relação ao sexo e idade não foram encontradas diferenças. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados encontrados na população avaliada neste estudo mostraram que o nível educacional pode influenciar o desempenho do processamento numérico e de cálculo, sendo possível observar que a bateria EC 301 mostrou-se sensível para avaliar estas habilidades, podendo assim ser utilizada na avaliação clínica dos distúrbios numéricos e de cálculo.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mental Processes/physiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Problem Solving/physiology , Age Factors , Brazil , Educational Status , Mathematics , Pilot Projects , Reference Values , Young Adult
7.
J Postgrad Med ; 2009 Jan-Mar; 55(1): 3-7
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-116159

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is said to be a core feature of schizophrenia. Executive function is an important cognitive domain. AIM: This study was undertaken to assess cognitive impairment among Indian patients with schizophrenia (Sz) or schizoaffective disorder (SzA), compared with their parents and unaffected individuals (controls). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Executive functions as measured by Trail-making Test (TMT), of patients and their parents were compared with controls. The patients were recruited from the Outpatients' Department (OPD) of a government hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed as Sz or SzA (n=172) and their parents (n=196: families n=132, 119 fathers and 77 mothers) participated. We also included 120 persons with no history of psychiatric illness. Cognitive function was assessed with the TMT. The Information Score of the Post Graduate Institute Battery of Brain Dysfunction test, developed in India for Indian subjects was used as a proxy for general fixed knowledge. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Logistic and linear regression was used to compare cognitive deficits of cases, parents and controls. RESULTS: Cases and their parents took significantly more time than controls on Part B of the TMT. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and parents on any of the TMT parameters. Using regression analysis, the most significant correlates of all TMT parameters among cases were with occurrence of auditory hallucinations and current age. CONCLUSION: Cases, as well as their parents showed more cognitive impairment than controls on the TMT.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Female , Genetic Testing , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Parents/psychology , Problem Solving/physiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reference Values , Regression Analysis , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenic Psychology , Trail Making Test/standards , Young Adult
8.
Santiago de Chile; s.n; 2000. 197 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-284677

ABSTRACT

Este es un estudio del área de la Enfermería Pediátrica y forma parte de una línea de investigación desarrollada por la Escuela de Enfermería de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, en conjunto con la Universidad de Otawa de Canadá. Es de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal y se realizó en el servicio de traumatología infantil del Centro de diagnóstico terapéutico del Área Metropolitana Sur Oriente. Tiene como finalidad conocer las necesidades de apoyo en la toma de decisiones en salud y los conocimientos que tienen los padres de niños menores de un año con diagnóstico de DLC que se atienden en este servicio, con respecto al tratamiento ambulatorio y cuidados que requiere el niño en el hogar. El Universo del estudio esta compuesto por todos los niños menores de un año con diagnóstico de Displasia Luxante de Caderas (DLC) y en tratamiento ortopédico ambulatorio que consultan entre los meses de Septiembre-Diciembre de 1999, teniendo los siguientes criterios de inclusión:ser padres o tutores de niños menores de un año con diagnóstico de DLC, estar cursando con el tratamiento ortopédico y tener 2 o más controles en el policlínico de traumatología el día de la encuestra, la muestra fue intencionada con un n=34, lo que corresponde al 100 por cientos del universo


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Male , Female , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/nursing , Ambulatory Care/methods , Decision Making , Pediatric Nursing/methods , Parents/education , Orthopedic Procedures/nursing , Problem Solving/physiology
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 49(3): 243-50, set. 1991.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-103616

ABSTRACT

É ressaltado que o complexo cérebro/mente constitui um sistema monolítico, que funciona com propriedades emergentes em vários níveis de organizaçäo hierárquica, irredutíveis uns aos outros. Os níveis hierárquicos säo pelo menos três (neuronal, funcional e semântico) e funcionam dentro de um esquema interacionista. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, o complexo cérebro/mente utiliza mecanismos lógicos e näo lógicos para lidar com os problemas do dia-a-dia. A lógica é necessária para o pensamento, mas näo é suficiente. Enfase é dada aos mecanismos näo-lógicos, com análise da lógica nebulosa e da heurística que permitem à mente desenvolver estratégias para encontrar soluçöes


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain/physiology , Neurons/physiology , Problem Solving/physiology , Behavior/physiology , Logic , Thinking/physiology
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