Recognition and management of palatogingival groove for tooth survival: a literature review

Palatogingival groove (PGG) is an anomaly in the maxillary anterior teeth, often accompanied by the area of bony destruction adjacent to the teeth with no carious or traumatic history. The hidden trap in the tooth can harbor plaque and bacteria, resulting in periodontal destruction with or without pulpal pathologic change. Related diseases can involve periodontal destruction, combined endodontic-periodontal lesions, or separate endodontic and periodontal lesions. Disease severity and prognosis related to PGG depend on several factors, including location, range, depth, and type of the groove. Several materials have been used and recommended for cases of extensive periodontal destruction from PGG to remove and block the inflammatory source and recover the health of surrounding periodontal tissues. Even in cases of severe periodontal destruction, several studies have reported favorable treatment outcomes with proper management. With new options in diagnosis and treatment, clinicians need a detailed understanding of the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of PGG to successfully manage the condition.

A Study on the Statistical Method for the Target Component of a Glucose-lowering Functional Material in Extracts of Evening Primerose Seeds

BACKGROUND: The use of the extracts from evening primrose seeds as a health functional food has been gradually increased. Therefore, the monitoring and screening process has been considerably required for its quality control. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the measurement uncertainty associated with determination of penta-o-galloyl β-D-glucose (PGG) in extracts from evening primrose seeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. METHODS: The sources of measurement uncertainty was expressed in accordance with mathematical/statistical theories of GUM & EURACHEM Guide. The expanded uncertainty was calculated by using the relative standard uncertainty between analytical result and sources of uncertainty in measurement (sample weight, final volume, extraction volume, standard solution, matrix and instrument etc). RESULTS: In the results of 95% confidence interval, the uncertainty in measurement was 10,253.34 ± 1,844.50 µg/kg (k = 2.0). CONCLUSION: In this study, it showed that the value of uncertainty in measurement for determination of PGG in extracts from evening primrose seeds by HPLC has about 18.0% influence on PGG contents of the analytical results. The results would be very useful for the monitoring and screening of evening primrose seeds marketed in Korea for its quality control as dietary supplement.

Immunomodulatory Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells on Elastin Scaffold Remodeling in Diabetes

Diabetes is a major risk factor for the progression of vascular disease, contributing to elevated levels of glycoxidation, chronic inflammation and calcification. Tissue engineering emerges as a potential solution for the treatment of vascular diseases however there is a considerable gap in the understanding of how scaffolds and stem cells will perform in patients with diabetes. We hypothesized that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) by virtue of their immunosuppressive potential would moderate the diabetes-intensified inflammatory reactions and induce positive construct remodeling. To test this hypothesis, we prepared arterial elastin scaffolds seeded with autologous ASCs and implanted them subdermally in diabetic rats and compared inflammatory markers, macrophage polarization, matrix remodeling, calcification and bone protein expression to control scaffolds implanted with and without cells in nondiabetic rats. ASC-seeded scaffolds exhibited lower levels of CD8+ T-cells and CD68+ pan-macrophages and higher numbers of M2 macrophages, smooth muscle cell-like and fibroblast-like cells. Calcification and osteogenic markers were reduced in ASCseeded scaffolds implanted in non-diabetic rats but remained unchanged in diabetes, unless the scaffolds were first pre-treated with penta-galloyl glucose (PGG), a known anti-oxidative elastin-binding polyphenol. In conclusion, autologous ASC seeding in elastin scaffolds is effective in combating diabetes-related complications. To prevent calcification, the oxidative milieu needs to be reduced by elastin-binding antioxidants such as PGG.

The Longevity Properties of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-Galloyl-beta-D-Glucose from Curcuma longa in Caenorhabditis elegans

Here in this study, we isolated 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) from Curcuma longa L. and elucidated the lifespanextending effect of PGG using Caenorhabditis elegans model system. In the present study, PGG demonstrated potent lifespan extension of worms under normal culture condition. Then, we determined the protective effects of PGG on the stress conditions such as thermal and oxidative stress. In the case of heat stress, PGG-treated worms exhibited enhanced survival rate, compared to control worms. In addition, PGG-fed worms lived longer than control worms under oxidative stress induced by paraquat. To verify the possible mechanism of PGG-mediated increased lifespan and stress resistance of worms, we investigated whether PGG might alter superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and intracellular ROS levels. Our results showed that PGG was able to elevate SOD activities of worms and reduce intracellular ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner.

Endovascular Therapy to Salvage Hemodialysis Access / 대한혈관외과학회지

PURPOSE: Maintaining function of dialysis access is very important to end stage renal disease patients, and it is critical for these patients' overall well-bing. This study was performed to evaluate the success rate of endovascular interventions, risk factors and patencies of interventions. METHODS: From January 2008 to June 2010, 315 interventions were performed on 189 patients with malfunctioning hemodialysis access. Angioplastic intervention (n=147), and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomies (n=168) were done to restore flow of vascular access. RESULTS: Most common cause of malfunctioning hemodialysis accesses was stenosis (71%) in autogenous fistula group (AFG) and thrombosis (73%) in prosthetic graft group (PGG). Common stenotic site was juxta-anastomotic area (48%) in AFG, and venous anastomotic area (42%) in PGG, primary patencies of interventions at 6, 12, and 18 months were 67%, 45%, and 37% and secondary patencies were 83%, 66%, and 49%, respectively. Finally, thrombotic events (P=0.005) and numbers of procedure (P=0.000) were independent predictive factors of shorter access patency after endovascular treatment. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment in malfunctioning hemodialysis access is highly successful procedure with acceptable primary and secondary patency results. Especially, in the cases of stenotic lesion without thrombosis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was successfully done in AFG and PGG.