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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(5): 1336-1342, oct. 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521024

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Birds are the most diversified organisms on Earth, with species covering various niches in each major biome, being essential to understand the modern ecosystem. This study concentrates on the diversification of the anatomical structure of the upper digestive tract for 26 species of zoophage-polyphagous birds and the anatomical differences in the digestive system to reveal aspects related to their evolution and diversification. The trophic spectrum of the selected birds includes several categories of food, or, as in the case of strictly carnivorous birds, to a single food category. After performing the dissections, the digestive tract was separated from the carcass and each digestive segment was measured and analysed. In this study, it was demonstrated that the birds' feeding behaviour influence the macroscopic particularities of the digestive system, more visible in the cranial portion (oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, proventriculus and gizzard), with little descriptive information in the literature. The tongue is poorly developed and immobile in piscivorous birds, while the tongue of insectivorous birds is long and moves considerably away from the tip of the bill. The esophagus was stretchable and presents longitudinal folds on its entire surface in piscivorous species and not extensible in insectivorous birds.


Las aves son los organismos más diversificados de la Tierra, con especies que cubren varios nichos en cada bioma principal, siendo esenciales para comprender el ecosistema moderno. Este estudio se concentra en la diversificación de la estructura anatómica del tracto digestivo superior para 26 especies de aves zoófago-polífagas y las diferencias anatómicas en el sistema digestivo para revelar aspectos relacionados con su evolución y diversificación. El espectro trófico de las aves seleccionadas incluye varias categorías de alimentos o, como en el caso de las aves estrictamente carnívoras, una sola categoría de alimentos. Después de realizar las disecciones, se separó el tracto digestivo de la canal y se midió y analizó cada segmento digestivo. En este estudio se demostró que el comportamiento alimentario de las aves influye en las particularidades macroscópicas del sistema digestivo, más visibles en la porción craneal (cavidad orofaríngea, esófago, proventrículo y molleja), con poca información descriptiva en la literatura. En las aves piscívoras, la lengua está poco desarrollada e inmóvil, mientras que la lengua de las aves insectívoras es larga y se aleja considerablemente de la punta del pico. El esófago era estirable y presentaba pliegues longitudinales en toda su superficie en especies piscívoras y no extensible en aves insectívoras.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birds/anatomy & histology , Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/anatomy & histology , Proventriculus , Biodiversity , Esophagus/anatomy & histology , Gizzard, Avian , Anatomy, Comparative
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(3): 805-810, May-June 2019. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1011323

ABSTRACT

Ducks, geese and swans are included in the Anatidae family, Anseriformes order. The leading injuries causes to waterfowl are tangling in fishing materials and foreign bodies ingestion. A muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) was referred for treatment at Veterinary Teaching Hospital and a radiographic examination showed the presence of a hook in the coelom. Surgical exposure and incision of the proventriculus was made through left intercostal access and the hook along with a fishing line were gently removed. The animal began to feed voluntarily at the fourth post-operative day and two weeks after the procedure the patient was clinically well and was released to wild. This surgical approach differs in some aspects from the listed techniques in the known literature. It proved to be a viable and appropriate alternative to treat this affection since it did not cause any trans- or post-operative complications and enabled rapid recovery and subsequent patient release.(AU)


Patos, gansos e cisnes estão incluídos na família Anatidae, ordem Anseriformes. Entre as principais causas de ferimentos em aves aquáticas, o embaraço com materiais de pesca e a ingestão de corpos estranhos são os mais citados. Um pato-do-mato (Cairina moschata) foi encaminhado para tratamento no Hospital Veterinário e, mediante exame radiográfico, verificou-se a presença de um anzol na cavidade celomática, provavelmente no proventrículo. Utilizando-se o acesso intercostal esquerdo, foi feita a exposição e a incisão do proventrículo. Por meio dessa incisão, o anzol com um segmento de linha de pesca foi delicadamente retirado. O animal começou a se alimentar voluntariamente no quarto dia pós-operatório e duas semanas após o procedimento o paciente se encontrava clinicamente bem e apto à soltura. Esta abordagem cirúrgica difere, em alguns aspectos, das técnicas listadas na literatura e provou ser uma alternativa viável e adequada ao caso, não causando complicações e permitindo recuperação rápida, com posterior soltura do animal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Proventriculus/surgery , Ducks/surgery , Accidents
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(11): 1331-1335, Nov. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895359

ABSTRACT

Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a lethal and important disease of captive psittacine birds, and affects a wide range of species, including endangered ones, and lacks an effective treatment. This report describes PDD in three blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in southern Brazil. All three macaws originated from the same aviary and presented similar clinical signs including anorexia, apathy, emaciation and prostration. At necropsy, one of the macaws presented an enlarged proventriculus. Histologically, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates was observed in the ganglia and nerves of the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, heart, adrenal glands, and adrenal medulla of all three cases. Two macaws had meningoencephalomyelitis and one had myocarditis. Immunohistochemistry identified PaBV antigen in the brain, proventricular, ventricular ganglia, and epicardial ganglia, and cardiomyocytes of all three macaws.(AU)


A doença da dilatação proventricular (PDD) e uma importante e fatal doença de psitacídeos de cativeiro, que afeta uma grande variedade de espécies e não tem um tratamento efetivo até o momento. Este relato descreve PDD em três araras canindé (Ara ararauna) no sul do Brasil. Todas as três araras eram provenientes do mesmo criatório e apresentaram sinais clínicos semelhantes incluindo anorexia, apatia, emaciação e prostração. Na necropsia, uma das araras apresentou proventrículo dilatado. No exame histopatológico, infiltrados linfoplasmacitários foram observados em gânglios e nervos do esôfago, inglúvio, proventrículo, moela, coração, glândulas adrenais e rins de todos os casos. Adicionalmente, meningoencefalomielite foi observada em duas araras e miocardite em uma. A imuno-histoquímica identificou antígenos de PaBV no encéfalo, coração, proventrículo e moela de todos os casos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Proventriculus/pathology , Stomach Diseases/veterinary , Bird Diseases/pathology , Mononegavirales Infections/veterinary , Bornaviridae , Psittaciformes/anatomy & histology
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(2): 512-515, jun. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687094

ABSTRACT

The stomachs of the yellow-billed grosbeaks were examined by means of light microscopy. The mucous membrane of the proventriculus presented many folds and sulci. The sulci were lined by simple columnar cells with basal nuclei and clear acidophilic cytoplasm. The proventriculus glands were constituted by many round or elliptical glandular lobules. The sulci and the collecting duct of compound tubular glands showed an intense positive reaction in PAS and AB stain. The gizzard was characterized by an internal abrasion-resistant lining cuticle and a thick muscular layer. The cuticle, gizzard glands and muscular layer in two sides were thicker than those in the cranial and caudal.


Los estómagos del Pepitero de cola negra fueron examinados mediante microscopía óptica. La membrana mucosa del proventrículo presentó muchos pliegues y surcos. Los surcos estaban revestidos por células columnares simples con núcleos basales y un citoplasma claro acidófilo. Las glándulas proventriculares estaban constituidos por abundantes lóbulos glandulares redondos o elípticos. Los surcos y conductos colectores de las glándulas tubulares compuestas mostraron una reacción positiva e intensa a las tinciones de PAS y AB. La molleja estomacal se caracterizó por una cutícula de revestimiento resistente a la abrasión interna y una capa muscular gruesa. La cutícula, glándulas de la molleja y capa muscular en ambos lados eran más gruesas que en la craneal y caudal.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birds/anatomy & histology , Stomach, Avian/anatomy & histology , Gizzard, Avian/anatomy & histology , Proventriculus/anatomy & histology
5.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 29(3): 148-150, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-665192

ABSTRACT

We dissected and described the macroscopic anatomy of the stomach and intestines of five adult Brown Brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira), a south american cervid species. The findings of our study as ruminal papillae evenly distributed across the rumen, papillated rumen pillars, the large reticulum with low reticular crests and the small omasum represent typical characteristics of browser ruminants. The ratio of the small intestine to the large intestine of 2.0 appears within the ‘browser range’.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Abdomen , Abomasum , Antelopes/anatomy & histology , Stomach, Ruminant/anatomy & histology , Proventriculus , Cadaver , Dissection
6.
Journal of Veterinary Science ; : 9-13, 2009.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-151240

ABSTRACT

The ontogeny and distribution of gastrin- and serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) cell in the proventriculus of chicks (Gallus gallus domestica, n = 60) in different growth periods was examined immunohistochemically using antisera specific to gastrin and serotonin. Gastrin and serotonin-IR cells were detected in chick proventriculus. Gastrin-IR cells were first evident after 12 days of incubation in lamina epithelialis and compound glands, while serotonin-IR cells were observed only in compound glands at that same time. Gastrin-IR and serotonin-IR cells increased in frequency on incubation day 14 and 16, respectively. Towards the end of incubation, gastrin- and serotonin-IR cell numbers decreased. In adult chicken, both IR cells were present but not lower numbers. The observations demonstrate the presence of gastrin- and serotonin-IR cells in the proventriculus of developing chicks in temporally changing frequencies.


Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo/metabolism , Endocrine Cells/cytology , Gastrins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology , Proventriculus/embryology , Serotonin/metabolism
7.
Korean Journal of Anatomy ; : 367-374, 2006.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-643818

ABSTRACT

This study describes the histochemical characteristics and ultrastructure of mast cells from tongue, proventriculus, ileum and fabricius bursa, in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) by light and electron microscopy. We compared the stainability of 4 different methods, toluidine blue, alcian blue, congo red and alkaline Giemsa, to stain mast cell granules from fixed pheasant organs in three different fixatives, 10% neutral buffered formalin, Carnoy's solution or half-strength Karnovsky's solution. Mast cells in all experimental organs were not stained with 4 different staining methods after fixation in 10% neutral buffered formalin but well stained in fixed organs with half-strength Karnovsky's solution. The mast cells had many metachromatic granules stained with toluidine blue or alkaline Giemsa and orthochromatic granules stained with alcian blue or congo red in tissues fixed in half-strength Karnovsky's solution. In electron microscopy, pheasant mast cells were oval, triangular, spindle-like or irregular and had a few finger-like cytoplasmic processes. There were the membrane-bounded secretory granules and the well-developed organelles in mast cells. Internal large granules were oval or irregular, and had variable shape; some higher or lower electron density with homogeneous appearance; some had a particular appearance, and a few showed reticular or spongy-like structure. This indicates that 10% neutral buffered formalin or Carnoy's fixation may be inadequate for detection of mast cells in pheasant, whereas the half-strength Karnovsky's fixation provides metachromatic or orthochromatic staining of mast cell granules.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alcian Blue , Bursa of Fabricius , Congo Red , Cytoplasm , Fixatives , Formaldehyde , Ileum , Mast Cells , Microscopy, Electron , Organelles , Proventriculus , Secretory Vesicles , Tolonium Chloride , Tongue
8.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2006; 36 (1): 149-157
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-78286

ABSTRACT

The present study is undertaken to describe the ultra- structure of Desportesius invaginatus [Nematoda, Acuariidae] for the first time in Egypt showing details that were not clearly defined before. This nematode is found in the proventriculus of Ardeola ibis ibis. The latter is known in Egypt as "Abu Erdan" and it is a very common and useful bird to Egyptian farmers. The pathogenecity of this nematode within their host was observed. The presence.of such high number of worms raised the curiosity of the present author to see if they had the potential to cause any harm to such economically important birds to Egyptian farmers


Subject(s)
Birds , Bird Diseases/parasitology , Proventriculus/anatomy & histology , Microscopy , Proventriculus/pathology
9.
Ciênc. rural ; 35(6): 1319-1324, nov.-dez. 2005. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417669

ABSTRACT

Vinte perdizes Rhynchotus rufescens adultas foram utilizadas para estudo morfológico do proventrículo e ventrículo gástricos da perdiz Rhynchotus rufescens. Os materiais foram coletados e os comprimentos do proventrículo e do ventrículo gástricos foram avaliados. Para o estudo histológico, fragmentos dos estômagos foram corados pelas técnicas de ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) e tricromo de Masson. O proventrículo gástrico é alongado, com formato fusiforme direcionado no sentido craniocaudalmente e para a esquerda, e apresenta um comprimento médio 3,20cm nas fêmeas e 3,65cm nos machos. Histologicamente, o proventrículo gástrico é composto por vários lobos e glândulas. A mucosa é formada por epitélio cúbico, sendo bastante pregueada. O ventrículo gástrico tem o formato de uma lente biconvexa, com comprimento médio de 4,30cm nas fêmeas e 4,35cm nos machos. A mucosa é formada por pregas revestidas por células cilíndricas e pelo muco formador da cutícula. Há criptas na base das pregas. Em seguida, há uma lâmina própria e uma espessa camada muscular lisa, que se encontra direcionada de acordo com o formato do ventrículo gástrico. A serosa é constituída por uma densa porção de tecido conjuntivo, entremeado por algumas células musculares lisas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birds/anatomy & histology , Proventriculus/anatomy & histology
10.
Veterinary Medical Journal. 2003; 51 (3): 445-462
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-65009

ABSTRACT

In the present study, 46 broiler chicken flocks [2-4 weeks of age in farms located in four governorates] were examined. They were affected with proventriculitis and stunting syndrome and were vaccinated with classical infectious bursal disease vaccines. The affected flocks generally showed stunting, reduced growth rate and uneven weight distribution. The virus was detected in the bursa at 72 hours PI by ELISA and electron microscope confirming the persistence of the variant IBDV in the chicks, despite the presence of IBDV classical antibodies. The present study reported, for the first time, the association of IBDV with stunting syndrome and proventriculitis in broilers in Egypt


Subject(s)
Animals , Proventriculus , Chickens , Immunosuppression Therapy , Antigens, Viral , Liver/pathology , Kidney/pathology , Spleen/pathology , Bursa of Fabricius/pathology , Birnaviridae Infections
11.
Rev. chil. anat ; 19(3): 239-244, 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-310231

ABSTRACT

Las células endocrinas del estómago (proventrículo y molleja) del cardenal rojo (Paroaria g. gularis ), fueron estudiadas a través del microscopio electrónico de transmisión. En el proventrículo, estas células están localizadas entre las células secretoras de la glándula proventricular profunda. En la molleja, están localizadas entre las células de revestimiento tubular simple de la glándula. Los dos tipos de células secretoras y de revestimiento, son alargadas y presentan un núcleo oval, mitocondrias escasamente alargadas u ovales y retículo endoplasmático granular poco desarrollado y numerosos gránulos de secreción


Subject(s)
Animals , Enteroendocrine Cells/ultrastructure , Stomach, Avian/ultrastructure , Gizzard, Avian , Proventriculus
12.
Rev. chil. anat ; 16(2): 191-7, 1998. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-243961

ABSTRACT

Fue realizado un estudio histológico con microscopio óptico, del estómago, proventrículo y ventrículo de la lechuza. En el proventrículo (proventriculus, pars glandularis), el epitelio de las células de la mucosa columnar del revestimiento presenta láminas y una glándula tubular simple superficial (gll. proventricularis superficiaes y lamina muscularis mucosae), apoyado por corion, formando la túnica mucosa gástrica. La tela fina, submucosae gastris está constituida predominantemente por numerosas y exuberantes gll. proventricularis gastris profundae, una glándula de tipo tubular bifurcada que se abre sobre la superficie de la mucosa. Una túnica muscularis gastris bien desarrollada de músculo liso presenta internamente stratum circulare y externamente stratum longitudinal. Entre esas dos capas, el tejido conectivo muestra vasos sanguíneos y células ganglionares de plexo de Auerbach. La túnica serosa está constituida por tejido conectivo que presenta células adiposas, vasos sanguíneos y elementos nerviosos de plexo seroso. En el ventrículo (ventriculus pars muscularis) situado caudalmente al proventrículo, encontramos histológicamente las mismas túnicas que en el anterior, exceptuando la tela submucosae gastris. El epitelio columnar de revestimiento presenta pocas láminas conectadas por una fina cutícula (cuticula gastrica) y glándula tubular simple (gll. ventricularis) seguida por lamina mucosa gastris. Separado por un fino tejido conectivo, adyacente a la lamina muscularis mucosae, se encuentra una bien desarrollada tunica muscularis gastris con una fina capa interna (stratum circulare) y otra externa (stratum longitudinale), mostrándose entre ellas el plexo de Auerbach. La túnica serosa del ventrículo es similar a la del proventrículo


Subject(s)
Animals , Stomach, Avian/anatomy & histology , Strigiformes/anatomy & histology , Digestive System/anatomy & histology , Stomach, Avian/cytology , Gizzard, Avian/anatomy & histology , Proventriculus/anatomy & histology
13.
Rev. chil. anat ; 15(1): 19-27, jul. 1997. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-207107

ABSTRACT

Un estudio morfológico (histológico) del estómago (proventrículo y molleja) del cardenal rojo (Paroaria gularis gularis) fue efectuado bajo microscopio de luz. Anatómicamente, el estómago del cardenal rojo está constituido por dos cámaras distintas; la región craneal, glandular o el proventrículo (proventriculus, pars glandularis), la cual se está conectada cranialmente con el esófago y caudalmente, está el ventrículo (ventriculos, pars muscularis) también conocida como porción muscular. Ambas, la túnica mucosa del proventrículo y del ventrículo presentan pliegues alineados de epitelio simple prismático. Una cutícula densa está colocada encima de la túnica mucosa del ventrículo. En la lámina propia de ambas regiones, se encuentran glándulas tubulares simples. La submucosa del proventrículo está ocupado por glándulas proventriculares profundas. Debido a la ausencia de una mucosa muscular, la submucsa del ventrículo no puede ser distinguido de la lámina propia. La túnica mucosa del proventrículo, consiste de un lecho interior longitudinal, de un lecho intermedio circular y de un lecho externo longitudinal discontinuo de músculo liso. En el ventrículo, consiste de un lecho longitudinal interno y de un lecho circular externo. Em ambas cámaras, la serosa está constituida por tejido conectivo revestido por mesotelio, conteniendo vasos sanguíneos, elementos nerviosos del plexo seroso y tejido adiposo


Subject(s)
Animals , Stomach, Avian/anatomy & histology , Proventriculus/anatomy & histology , Birds/anatomy & histology , Digestive System/anatomy & histology , Gizzard, Avian/anatomy & histology
14.
Rev. chil. anat ; 13(2): 113-7, 1995. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-174990

ABSTRACT

Las células oxinticopépticas de la glándula proventricular profunda en el cardenal rojo (paroaria gularis gularis) fueron estudiadas por medio de la microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Estas células tienen la estructura fina típica de una cimogénica (proteína) y célula hidroclórica ácido/secretora (parecido a esos hallazgos se han encontrado en las células parietales y principales de mamíferos y en las células oxínticas de anfíbios): la presencia de numerosas mitocondrias, desarrollando retículo endoplásmico liso y granuloso y gránulos de secreción


Subject(s)
Animals , Parietal Cells, Gastric/ultrastructure , Stomach, Avian/ultrastructure , Proventriculus/cytology , Brazil , Stomach, Avian/cytology , Gastric Acid , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria/ultrastructure , Proventriculus/ultrastructure , Tarsal Bones/cytology , Tarsal Bones/ultrastructure
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